Para que o desenvolvimento de um novo produto tenha melhores chances de sucesso no competitivo mercado atual, as empresas devem preocupar-se em contemplar as reais necessidades dos clientes em seus projetos. Para tanto, é preciso que os desejos dos clientes transformem-se corretamente em especificações de produto claras e objetivas. Caso contrário, as incorretas ou subjetivas especificações-meta podem gerar um produto que não atenda às expectativas do consumidor. Sabe-se que o reprojeto e retrabalho para modificação do produto implicariam em perdas de tempo, custo e qualidade. Por isso, o processo de geração de especificações no desenvolvimento de produtos é crítico para atingir as metas de time-to-market, custo e qualidade do produto final. A tradução da voz do cliente em requisitos técnicos de projeto é, geralmente, realizada através de métodos como, por exemplo, o QFD. Contudo, o QFD não é muito utilizado na prática em diversos tipos de indústrias, como a de eletrodomésticos, devido a sua generalidade e dificuldade de uso. Desta forma, tem-se por objetivo principal desenvolver uma abordagem sistemática para auxiliar a elaboração de especificações-meta de um eletrodoméstico, no caso, um fogão. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo em uma empresa do ramo para a verificação da oportunidade de pesquisa e coleta de dados para o desenvolvimento de um método e ferramenta. Em seguida, elaborou-se uma ferramenta em planilha eletrônica na qual as especificações-meta de um fogão são geradas automaticamente a partir das informações de entrada de projeto. A validação da sistemática foi realizada pela análise comparativa do resultado gerado pela ferramenta com produtos anteriores já desenvolvidos pela empresa pesquisada. O resultado deste estudo indicou que o método proposto apresenta-se como um mecanismo para geração de especificações de maneira simples e prática, contribuindo para a maior assertividade no desenvolvimento do produto e possível de ser incorporado ao cotidiano da empresa. / In order for a new product development to have better chances of success in today’s competitive market, companies should focus on meeting the real consumer needs in their projects. Thus, it is necessary that the consumer wishes be transformed correctly into clear and objective product specifications. Otherwise, the incorrect or subjective target specifications could generate a product which does not fulfill to the consumer expectations. It is known that the redesign and rework needed due to product modifications would involve loss of time, cost and quality. So, the specification elaboration process during the product development is critical to achieve the targets as time-to-market, cost and quality of the final product. The translation of the voice of customer into project technical requirements is usually accomplished by such methods as, for example, QFD. However, the QFD is not used very often in several industries, like the home appliances factory, because it is general and difficult to use. Therefore, the main objective is to develop a systematic approach for a home appliance specification elaboration, in this case, a cooker. A field study was conducted in a company of this branch to verify the research opportunity and data collection for the method and tool development. Next, an electronic spreadsheet toll was developed for automatically generate the target specifications of a cooker from input data of the project. The systematic validation was implemented by the comparative analysis among the results obtained by the tool with previous products already developed by the researched company. The result of this study indicates that the method proposed is a mechanism for generating specifications in a simple and practical way, contributing to greater assertiveness in product development and can be embedded in the daily-basis process of the company.

Para que o desenvolvimento de um novo produto tenha melhores chances de sucesso no competitivo mercado atual, as empresas devem preocupar-se em contemplar as reais necessidades dos clientes em seus projetos. Para tanto, é preciso que os desejos dos clientes transformem-se corretamente em especificações de produto claras e objetivas. Caso contrário, as incorretas ou subjetivas especificações-meta podem gerar um produto que não atenda às expectativas do consumidor. Sabe-se que o reprojeto e retrabalho para modificação do produto implicariam em perdas de tempo, custo e qualidade. Por isso, o processo de geração de especificações no desenvolvimento de produtos é crítico para atingir as metas de time-to-market, custo e qualidade do produto final. A tradução da voz do cliente em requisitos técnicos de projeto é, geralmente, realizada através de métodos como, por exemplo, o QFD. Contudo, o QFD não é muito utilizado na prática em diversos tipos de indústrias, como a de eletrodomésticos, devido a sua generalidade e dificuldade de uso. Desta forma, tem-se por objetivo principal desenvolver uma abordagem sistemática para auxiliar a elaboração de especificações-meta de um eletrodoméstico, no caso, um fogão. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo em uma empresa do ramo para a verificação da oportunidade de pesquisa e coleta de dados para o desenvolvimento de um método e ferramenta. Em seguida, elaborou-se uma ferramenta em planilha eletrônica na qual as especificações-meta de um fogão são geradas automaticamente a partir das informações de entrada de projeto. A validação da sistemática foi realizada pela análise comparativa do resultado gerado pela ferramenta com produtos anteriores já desenvolvidos pela empresa pesquisada. O resultado deste estudo indicou que o método proposto apresenta-se como um mecanismo para geração de especificações de maneira simples e prática, contribuindo para a maior assertividade no desenvolvimento do produto e possível de ser incorporado ao cotidiano da empresa. / In order for a new product development to have better chances of success in today’s competitive market, companies should focus on meeting the real consumer needs in their projects. Thus, it is necessary that the consumer wishes be transformed correctly into clear and objective product specifications. Otherwise, the incorrect or subjective target specifications could generate a product which does not fulfill to the consumer expectations. It is known that the redesign and rework needed due to product modifications would involve loss of time, cost and quality. So, the specification elaboration process during the product development is critical to achieve the targets as time-to-market, cost and quality of the final product. The translation of the voice of customer into project technical requirements is usually accomplished by such methods as, for example, QFD. However, the QFD is not used very often in several industries, like the home appliances factory, because it is general and difficult to use. Therefore, the main objective is to develop a systematic approach for a home appliance specification elaboration, in this case, a cooker. A field study was conducted in a company of this branch to verify the research opportunity and data collection for the method and tool development. Next, an electronic spreadsheet toll was developed for automatically generate the target specifications of a cooker from input data of the project. The systematic validation was implemented by the comparative analysis among the results obtained by the tool with previous products already developed by the researched company. The result of this study indicates that the method proposed is a mechanism for generating specifications in a simple and practical way, contributing to greater assertiveness in product development and can be embedded in the daily-basis process of the company.

Este trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de otimização multidisciplinar de projeto conceitual de aeronaves. O conceito de aeronave otimizada tem como base o estudo evolutivo de características das categorias imediatas àquela que se propõe. Como estudo de caso, foi otimizada uma aeronave de treinamento militar que faça a correta transição entre as fases de treinamento básico e avançado. Para o estabelecimento dos parâmetros conceituais esse trabalho integra técnicas de entropia estatística, desdobramento da função de qualidade (QFD), aritmética fuzzy e algoritmo genético (GA) à aplicação de otimização multidisciplinar ponderada de projeto (OMPP) como metodologia de projeto conceitual de aeronaves. Essa metodologia reduz o tempo e o custo de projeto quando comparada com as técnicas tradicionais existentes. / This work is concerned with the development of a methodology for multidisciplinary optimization of the aircraft conceptual design. The aircraft conceptual design optimization was based on the evolutionary simulation of the aircraft characteristics outlined by a QFD/Fuzzy arithmetic approach where the candidates in the Pareto front are selected within categories close to the target proposed. As a test case a military trainer aircraft was designed target to perform the proper transition from basic to advanced training. The methodology for conceptual aircraft design optimization implemented in this work consisted on the integration of techniques such statistical entropy, quality function deployment (QFD), arithmetic fuzzy and genetic algorithm (GA) to the weighted multidisciplinary design optimization (WMDO). This methodology proved to be objective and well balanced when compared with traditional design techniques.

海運承攬運送業在進入跨境電商蓬勃發展的年代，貨物才積越來越小，單票貨量逐漸萎縮，貨物價值越來越高，並且在船公司與空運公司分食國際運輸的大餅後，海運承攬運送業的生存空間已經被極度壓縮到了難以生存的處境。 民國102年推出了「海運快遞貨物通關辦法」，讓海運承攬運送業看見了一線生機，這個辦法在推出時是以台北港與福建平潭之間的快速貨輪為運具所立的辦法，這條專有航線原本的用意在於將台灣的產品利用海運快遞的方式，經過福建平潭進入大陸地區，但是在2016年新政府上台後，因為兩岸關係急凍，福建平潭單方面以各種理由延遲了所有海運快遞的通關時間，讓這項原本稱做為海運快遞的專線，變的一點都不快。 但是通關辦法已經存在，本研究將以A公司的專長「廣東省-基隆」這條航線為例，建立在台灣法源基礎的範圍內，利用海運快遞這個通關模式，將原本不合法的假海運快遞(雜貨櫃)，用符合法令規範的方式來運輸與通關，建立新服務發展(NSD)為研究架構，再以品質機能展開(QFD)的品質屋來做為研究方法，建立新服務發展模型，A公司能在既有的基礎上開創出一條全新的服務與道路。 / Freight forwarders in the vigorous development of the cross-border electricity supplier's goods to accumulate more and more small, single ticket volume shrinking, the value of the goods is more and more high, and the ship company and the Airborne Inc eating pie international transport, shipping industry living space has been compressed to the difficult survival situation. In 2013, launched the "customs clearance to express cargo shipping, freight forwarders to see this approach in the launch of a slim chance of survival, is a fast ship between Taipei port and Fujian Pingtan for transportation have made this way, originally designed for exclusive route, the Gulf of products using maritime express way after Fujian, Pingtan into the mainland, but in 2016 after the new government came to power, because of cross-strait relations frozen, Fujian Pingtan unilaterally for various reasons to delay all shipping Express customs clearance, make this originally called for the sea transport express line, a little change is not fast. But the clearance measures already exist, this study will use the A company's expertise "in Guangdong Province - Keelung" this route as an example, based on the scope of legal basis in Taiwan, using the express shipping and customs, originally illegal fake courier shipping (grocery cabinet), by coincidence to standard way to transport with the establishment of customs clearance, new service development (NSD) as the research framework with quality function deployment (QFD) of the house of quality as the research methods, the establishment of new service development model, A company can create a new service and road in the existing infrastructure.

Vorbeugende QM-Techniken operationalisieren die Funktionen des Qualitätsmanagements (QM) mit dem Ziel einer abgesicherten Produktentstehung. Sie leisten einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Erhöhung der Produktqualität. Jedoch zeigen Untersuchungen, dass deren Einsatz häufig sehr große Probleme bereitet. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht vordergründig die FMEA, QFD und DRBFM. Neben der Beschreibung ihrer Anwendungsbereiche, werden die Vorteile und Schwächen gegenübergestellt. Es gilt, die Schwächen mit Hilfe einer neu entwickelten Methode zu umgehen bzw. zu eliminieren. Die Entwicklung zentraler Schwerpunkte zur Erreichung von Null-Fehlerqualität liefert die Basis für die Erstellung einer Checkliste in Form eines Fragenkataloges. Ziel soll es sein, durch die Systematik des Fragenkataloges und Wahl des Antwortformates Fehlerursachen zu vermeiden.

This case study was conducted in collaboration with Brito AB, which recently launched a new service, the Brito solution. It aims to find development potential for Brito AB, that find themselves in the difficult phase of asserting themselves in the market. Brito AB's operations revolve around feedback and feedback management, which are key concepts in the study. Furthermore, this paper looks at quality function deployment (QFD), total quality management (TQM), knowledge management (KM), market orientation (MO), innovation and customer needs and customer fulfilment. To answer the study's questions, interviews and a survey will then be performed. The results show that there is a misunderstanding among some customers between how the Brito solution should work in theory and how it is implemented in practice. A potential customer of Brito AB appreciated the opportunity to test the service in their own organisation. The Brito solution consists of working according to the Brito management model, and results show that this model is effective. Brito AB and their Brito solution have several connections to the theoretical background and great potential to successfully work with quality development, due in particular to the Brito management model and its similarities with the PDSA-cycle. In summary, the study concludes that Brito AB is well on its way to remaining in the market, and it suggests integrating several of the studied quality tools to increase Brito AB’s chances and continue their ongoing development. / Examensarbetets syfte är att undersöka Brito AB:s tjänst Brito-lösningen. Studien ser över hur Brito AB kan förbättra Brito-lösningen där målet är att komma fram till förbättringsförslag. Förslagen ska hjälpa Brito AB att skapa insikt i hur Brito-lösningen besvarar kundernas förväntningar och behov samt deras chanser att etableras på marknaden. Studien belyser forskning som förespråkar en kundcentrerad strategi. Teorierna som har valtsatt ligga till grund för undersökningen beaktar olika aspekter inom kvalitetsutveckling. Teorierna berör bland annat hur en organisation kan arbeta med kunskap på ett systematiskt sätt samt vikten i kundfokus där företag behöver förstå marknaden för att täcka kundernas förväntningar och behov. Vidare tas det upp hur företag kan täcka kunskapsluckor som finns inom organisationen med att systematiskt ta in feedback. Med hjälp av PDSA-cykeln analyseras Brito AB:s egen managementmodell. Som en del i att samla in data genomförs ett case som följs upp med både intervjuer och en enkät som ett sätt att besvara studiens frågeställningar. Resultaten visar att det finns ett missförstånd hos vissa kunder över hur Brito-lösningen ska fungera i teorin och hur den implementeras i praktiken. En potentiell kund hos Brito AB uppskattade möjligheten att testa tjänsten i sin egen organisation. Brito-lösningen består delvis av att arbeta enligt Brito managementmodell och modellen har visat sig vara effektiv. Brito AB och deras Brito-lösning har flera kopplingar till den teoretiska bakgrunden och potential att framgångsrikt arbeta med kvalitetsutveckling, särskilt på grund av Brito managementmodell och dess likheter med PDSA-cykeln. Sammanfattningsvis dras slutsatsen att Brito AB är på god väg att stanna kvar på marknaden, och de föreslås atti ntegrera flera av de studerade kvalitetsverktygen för att öka sina chanser och fortsätta sin pågående utveckling.

This dissertation proposes two novel ideas to enhance the business strategy alignment to customer needs. The proposed business alignment clock is a new illustration to the relationships between customer requirements, business strategies, capabilities and processes. To line up the clock and reach the needed alignment for the enterprise, a proposed clock mechanism is introduced. The mechanism integrates the Enterprise Business Architecture (EBA) with the House of Quality (HoQ). The relationship matrix inside the body of the house is defined using multivariate data analysis techniques to accurately measure the strength of the relationships rather than defining them subjectively. A statistical tool, multivariate data analysis, can be used to overcome the ambiguity in quantifying the relationships in the house of quality matrix. The framework is proposed in the basic conceptual model context of the EBA showing different levels of the enterprise architecture; the goals, the capabilities and the value stream architecture components. In the proposed framework, the goals and the capabilities are inputs to two houses of quality, in which the alignment between customer needs and business goals, and the alignment between business goals and capabilities are checked in the first house and the second house, respectively. The alignment between the business capabilities and the architecture components (workflows, events and environment) is checked in a third HoQ using the performance indicators of the value stream architecture components, which may result in infrastructure expansion, software development or process improvement to reach the needed alignment by the enterprise. The value of the model was demonstrated using the Accreditation Board of Engineering and Technology (ABET) process at the Industrial Engineering and Management Systems department at the University of Central Florida. The assessment of ABET criteria involves an evaluation of the extent to which the program outcomes are being achieved and results in decisions and actions to improve the Industrial Engineering program at the University of Central Florida. The proposed framework increases the accuracy of measuring the extent to which the program learning outcomes have been achieved at the department. The process of continuous alignment between the educational objectives and customer needs becomes more vital by the rapid change of customer requirements that are obtained from both internal and external constituents (students, faculty, alumni, and employers in the first place).

館藏評鑑是圖書館館藏發展中重要的一環，圖書館透過館藏評鑑了解館藏的現況優劣，包括內容品質、使用情形、使用者的需求差異等層面，作為修正採訪策略或讀者服務的參考。然而基於人力、成本等因素，館藏評鑑常成為圖書館的負擔，對於資源不足的中小型、基層圖書館而言，更是艱難的工作，所以尋求一套相對簡易的方法，以節省人力物力的方式進行館藏的評估，是有其需求的。 因此，本研究嘗試以「品質機能展開(Quality function deployment，QFD)」為基礎，發展一套半自動化的「使用需求導向館藏評鑑系統」，希望以系統化和新的不同評鑑模式來輔助館藏評鑑。本系統所應用之資料來源為使用者問卷調查以及圖書館自動化系統的各種紀錄，透過品質機能展開，以量化的方法將兩者做矩陣式的對應和計算並求得結果，作為輔助館藏評鑑時的參考。 本研究以台北市木柵高工圖書館為對象，研究方法及流程依次為：問卷調查、系統實作分析、訪談。首先以問卷調查法訪問學校圖書館使用者，取得使用者之需求；再將這些需求的數值輸入系統中，與圖書館自動化系統的紀錄合併進行品質機能展開計算；最後，將系統運算分析出來的結果，用訪談的方式訪問木柵高工圖書館員，檢視本系統之有效性與館員對本系統之看法。 研究之發現有以下幾點：1.應用品質機能展開所開發之系統，確實可應用於館藏評鑑，但較適合觀察長期趨勢；2. 不同使用者族群對圖書館館藏重視之層面可能有差異，此差異在本系統中會對結果造成影響，影響幅度由需求差異大小決定；3.無法量化計算的質性使用者需求，仍然受到使用者重視，在館藏評鑑中亦相當重要；4.本研究所開發之系統，有助於資源不足之基層圖書館館藏評鑑作業的推動。 / Library collection evaluation is one of important part of collection development, to understand the goodness or weakness of collection. It includes quality of content, analyzing of use, user needs, etc. But because of lake of staff and funds, collection evaluation becomes a burden to many libraries. To small libraries, it is more difficult. So it is necessary to develop a simple method to save the cost and labors for libraries. This study applies the Quality Function Deployment to develop a half-automatic library collection evaluation system, hoping to help collection evaluation works in a systematic, efficient way. The system in this study uses two kinds of data for computing: questionnaire survey of user needs and library automation system records. By applying the Quality Function Deployment, the system can combine above data and records, and generate analysis of collection and user needs in graphics. Finally, it can help decision making according to this information. This study takes Taipei Muzha vocational high school as the object, the method and procedures would be: questionnaire survey, system developing and analyzing, interview with librarians. The study obtains following conclusions: 1.Applying QFD, this system can help collection evaluation in practical, but it is more suitable to observe long-term trends than short-term; 2. Different group of users concern different needs in using library collections, those differences will affect the result of this collection evaluation system; 3. Some user needs can not be quantitated for system progressing, part of those needs are important in users’ opinions, so in a practical collection evaluation work, libraries can not ignore them; 4. This collection evaluation system can help some small-scale, basic-level, insufficient-resource libraries to accomplish their collection evaluation work.