Feedback plays a vital role in learning. With online learning on the rise, feedback can be given directly to each student in a way that can not be achieved in a traditional classroom with one teacher. But while the importance of feedback is well-known, little is known about how students interact with feedback. This study was conducted to find out how students interact with feedback from a question-based learning platform in terms of their eye movement patterns. Using an eye tracker and a multiple choice quiz, data of gaze duration in each quiz segment and gaze transactions in between segments was extracted and analyzed. The results show that students fall into three groups: 1) those who spend most time on feedback and less on the question, 2) those who spend most time on questions and less on the feedback 3) those who use a mixed approach. Students in group 1) and 3) had few gaze transactions between the questions and feedback, indicating that the feedback was used as intended. Having discovered the presence of distinct patterns of feedback interaction, the next steps will be to investigate how these impact the use and utility of the feedback by students. / Feedback spelar en avgörande roll för inlärning. Med e-learning kan feedback ges individuellt till varje elev på ett sätt som inte är möjligt i ett traditionellt klassrum med endast en lärare. Men medan vikten av feedback är välkänd, är det mindre känt hur studenter interagerar med feedback. Denna studie utfördes med syftet att ta reda på hur studenter interagerar med feedback i en frågebaserad lärplattform, när det gäller deras ögonrörelsemönster. Med hjälp av en eye tracker och ett quiz med flervalsfrågor, kunde data om deltagarnas ögonrörelser – hur länge de tittade i olika segment och vilka övergångar deras ögon gjorde mellan segment – samlas in och sedan analyseras. Resultaten visade att deltagarna hamnar i tre kategorier: 1) de som spenderar mycket tid på att läsa feedback och mindre på att läsa frågan 2) de som spenderar mycket tid på att läsa frågan och mindre på att läsa feedback och 3) de som hade ett blandat angreppssätt. Deltagare i grupperna 1) och 3) hade få blickövergångar mellan frågor och feedback, vilket indikerar att feedbacken användes som avsett av dessa deltagare. Upptäckten av distinkta mönster av interaktion med feedback öppnar upp för framtida studier att undersöka hur dessa påverkar användning och användbarheten av feedback hos studenter.

Master of Science / Department of Computing and Information Sciences / Daniel A. Andresen / Tutorials and Quiz Android Mobile application is an application which gives you brief tutorials on various programming languages and technologies to the user who has installed this application. It gives video tutorials and training on different technologies. The mobile application also contains sample code, interview questions, and answers. This application also conducts a quiz to the user who is interested in a particular technology for checking their knowledge on the subject. It has different levels like Basic Level and Advanced Level quiz. This application conducts a quiz in the form of multiple choice questions. After the completion of the quiz the application generates reports based on the quiz conducted. The user can also test their knowledge on those technologies based on a timed quiz, we can include the above technology questions in this application. We can give a time frame for each question and all the questions are to be answered in that specified time period. Say for example we can give 20 seconds to answer a question. If the user gives an incorrect answer, will be exited out of the quiz.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how learners work collaboratively during their astronomy quiz preparation. Research has been conducted extensively on cooperative and collaborative learning, however not much has been done to investigate learners preparations in quizzes. There has been very little research done on learners‟ interactions and behaviour but more on comparing learners‟ performance individually with when they work collaboratively. The subjects of this study were five schools from the Gauteng West district comprising of teams made up of four learners. These five teams were observed and two members per team interviewed. The teams were observed in order to understand how they interact with each other and the roles assumed by each member and the teacher. The use of interviews was to get more understanding of the benefits of the team and also find out if the quiz contributed in their astronomy content gain. The results show that all teams had an understanding of their roles and responsibilities as members, however only two teams displayed more commitment to attain the goal by advancing to further rounds of the astronomy quiz. In view of the findings I concluded that collaborative testing is an effective strategy for improving learning and potentially for the retention of content. Keywords Collaborative learning Collaborative testing Peer collaboration Astronomy quiz

I denna studie undersöks vad elever på naturvetenskapligt program som under 10veckor testat dagliga diagnostiska kort-svars-quizzar i biologi, kemi och bioteknikanser om sådana quizzar. Dessutom har åsikterna hos ämneslärare i sammagymnasieskola kring användningen av quizzar som hjälpmedel i undervisningeninhämtats. Eleverna anser överlag att quizzar kan bidra till att förbättra deras studieteknikgenom att hjälpa dem att minnas viktiga fakta från lektionen. Eleverna anser attquizzarna har hjälpt dem att testa sin kunskap och härigenom hjälpt dem att inse vadde behöver läsa mer om. För en del av eleverna har quizzarna uppmuntrat dem tillatt söka information innan lektionerna. En tredjedel av eleverna kände att quizzarnagjorde dem mindre stressade än vid vanliga prov, stress var högre vid muntlig quizän en skriftlig quiz. Trots att eleverna således överlag är positiva till användning avquizzar i undervisningen anser hälften av eleverna att de inte vill att de bästa 10quizzarna från hela året ska räknas in i den summativa bedömningen. Många olika ämneslärare tyckte att quizzar är användbara i deras vardagligaundervisning, och vissa ansåg att quizzar kan utgöra ett diagnostiskt hjälpmedel, t.ex. innan ett nytt avsnitt introduceras. Drygt hälften av lärarna använder quizzar isin vardagliga undervisning några gånger per månad. Nästan hälften av lärarna villinte att elevens 10 bästa quiz-resultat under läsåret ska räknas in dess slutbetyg. Både lärare och eleverna tycker att quizzar är roliga att göra.

As robot technologies develop, many researchers have tried to use robots to support education. Studies have shown that robots can help students develop problem-solving abilities. Robotics technology is being increasingly integrated into the field of education largely due to the appealing image of robot’s young students have. With the rapid development of robotics, it has become feasible to use an educational robot for enhancing learning. This thesis explores the possibility of using robots as an educational tool for being quiz assistant in the class. Here we will be working with the humanoid-like robot and we will teach the robot to be a quiz assistant. The main purpose of this thesis is to have quizzes adapted to an individual knowledge of students in the class. By doing this a teacher can track a student’s performance individually while students will get the performance results as feedback using paper quizzes. When implemented fully, quizzes will be printed, distributed to students, collected from them, corrected, and students will be individually informed by email automatically and rapidly. Conceptually, this is a new approach to learning since frequent, paper-based quizzes become a learning tool in the service of active learning as opposed to their classical use, infrequently used control tool. The thesis scope is limited to contribute to individualization, distribution, and collection of the quizzes, leaving out the automatic correction. This is because for the latter there are already implemented solutions. With individualization, we mean identification of a student taking a certain quiz and conversely, deducing the identity of a student from a collected quiz. For this, we will use face detection and face recognition techniques. To this effect, an algorithm based on the technique Haar cascade by Viola and Jones [1]was used for face detection and Local Binary Pattern Histogram [from now on calledLBPH] method was used for face recognition [2]. This combination is shown to be, precise and maximally avoids illumination problems. The thesis also marks important details missing in the aforementioned paper as well as some drawbacks of the proposed technique. Our results show that RAQUEL system can perform face detection and recognition effectively by identifying and depending on the chosen interfacing strategy, then voicing identification details such as names, individual quiz number and seating row number of the students. Our system can not only be used to identify and bind a student identity to a certain quiz number, but also it can detail class/quiz attendance and keep track of in what order students gave back the quiz papers, helping to assure by biometric identification, that the automatically corrected quiz results are registered for correct student identity.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第19856号 / 情博第607号 / 新制||情||105(附属図書館) / 32892 / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科社会情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 喜多 一, 教授 守屋 和幸, 教授 松下 佳代 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

Growing knowledge in the field of cognitive science can significantly improve the way we learn. Several methods and principles are being repeatedly confirmed by numerous studies as effective for learning. They include spaced repetition, test-enhanced learning, and desirable difficulty principle. With the continual spreading of ICT technologies, diverse software is being developed as well, some of which more and some of which less successfully employs the methods and principles outlined. Memrise, Purpose Games and Drill and Skill, web platforms which are examined in this thesis, belong to this software family. In the first phase, i conducted several interviews with teachers who were using Drill and Skill as part of their science teaching at elementary schools and a junior grammar school (all of them were teaching children approx. 11-15 years old). After this, i worked with a class from a grammar school (age around 16). i made several groups of educational games to help the students practice the topics studied in their biology lessons. Each group of games was reviewed during a group interview. Recordings from these interviews as well as from the interviews with the teachers were transcribed and these transcripts underwent qualitative analysis, which is an important part of the thesis. Drawing on all...

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work aims to present the digital quiz Reading in Action, in which defends the conception of language as social interaction, promotes the teaching of the imperative and the linguistic-discursive interpretative analysis having as a guiding model, the three-dimensional model of Fairclough (2001) . The methodology used was action research, qualitative and interpretative approach and interventional nature. The views held by Kleiman (2002), Nascimento (2004), Rojo (2009), Scherre (2007), among others, were used as theoretical basis. In this digital quiz, are comic strips, cartoons and songs that serve as textual supports for the interpretative analysis during critical reading. It is multimodality texts and promotes interaction between student-game-learning dynamically. It was developed in order to enable the teacher an auxiliary tool in building the knowledge of their students and to enable both the student and the teacher feedback on the development of critical reading competence of students. It was applied in Public School President Costa e Silva, in 9th grade C2. Data analysis revealed that the inclusion of digital objects during the teaching-learning process is necessary as a complementary tool to the already existing in the construction of knowledge interactively. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar o quiz digital Leitura em Ação, no qual se defende a concepção de linguagem como interação social, promove o ensino do imperativo e a análise interpretativa linguístico-discursiva, tendo como norteador o modelo tridimensional de Fairclough (2001). A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa-ação, de abordagem qualitativa e de naturezas interpretativa e interventiva. As concepções defendidas por Kleiman (2002), Nascimento (2004), Rojo (2009), Scherre (2007), dentre outros, foram utilizadas como embasamento teórico. Neste quiz digital, encontram-se tirinhas, charges e canções que servem de suportes textuais para a análise interpretativa durante a leitura crítica. Encontra-se a multimodalidade de textos e promove a interação entre aluno-jogo-aprendizagem de forma dinâmica. Foi elaborado com o intuito de possibilitar ao professor uma ferramenta auxiliar na construção do conhecimento de seus alunos e de possibilitar tanto para o aluno quanto para o professor o feedback sobre o desenvolvimento da competência leitora crítica dos discentes. Foi aplicado no Colégio Estadual Presidente Costa e Silva, no 9º ano C2. A análise dos dados revelou que a inserção de objetos digitais, durante o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, se faz necessária como uma ferramenta complementar às já existentes na construção do conhecimento de forma interativa.

Students who complete homework generally do better on measures of academic performance such as quizzes, exams, and overall course grades. We examined the effects of contingent access to second quiz attempts on the percentage of undergraduate students completing homework to mastery. The study was conducted in an Introduction to Behavior Analysis course that, historically, had only 70% of students on average completing homework. An adapted multiple baseline design across sections was used for four sections of the course. Students could access a second quiz attempt contingent by meeting the following criteria: the student received a 16 out of 20 on the first quiz attempt or by meeting the mastery criterion of the homework (45 out of 50). We also examined the relation between homework accuracy and scores on first quiz attempts. Two sections did not show a difference in homework completion with and without the second quiz attempt contingency. One section showed more sensitivity toward the contingency once it was withdrawn, and one section never had the removal of the contingency and had the highest percentages of students completing their homework. When analyzing the relation of homework accuracy to the corresponding first quiz attempts, homework accuracy appeared to be related to higher scores on first quiz attempts across all sections. Quiz scores were typically a letter grade higher for students who completed homework compared to students who did not complete homework to mastery. Although there are limitations to the current study, the results suggest the second quiz contingency may impact homework completion.

Abstract Guided notes and response cards have individually been found effective at increasing student performance and active participation, however, no known studies have compared the effects of response cards with the effects of guided notes to determine if one is more effective than the other at increasing student performance and on-task behavior. In order to evaluate the efficacy of these two teaching methods, two different teaching conditions were examined: guided notes and response cards for in-lecture review. An alternating treatments design was used to evaluate the effects of these two conditions on post-lecture quiz scores, competing academic behaviors and academic responding in two university level behavior analysis courses. The results of this research demonstrated that both guided notes and response cards were effective at maintaining high student academic performance. Guided notes appeared to be more effective at decreasing student's competing academic behaviors while response cards were more preferred by both students and teachers.