Studiens syfte är att utreda och jämföra olika hyressättningsmodeller i olika delar av Sverige med fokus på Göteborg, Umeå och Malmö. Dessutom kommer hyrornas uppbyggnad från två kommunala bostadsbolag att uppvisas för att se hur hyrorna påverkas av olika boendekvalitetsvariabler. En jämförelse med bostadsrättsmarknaden kommer också att utföras för att se skillnaderna på hur priset på lägenheter är uppbyggt jämfört med hur hyrorna är uppbyggda. Majoriteten av alla hyror bestäms genom årliga förhandlingar mellan fastighetsägarna och hyresgästföreningen där hyrorna baseras på lägenhetens läge, standard och driftkostnader. Vid de årliga hyresförhandlingarna justeras hyrorna för att de ska spegla hyresgästernas värderingar och åsikter bättre [1]. I den här studien används hedoniska regressioner för att analysera data från två kommunala bostadsbolag i Malmö och Göteborg. Resultaten visar på att lägenheternas hyror till största del är uppbyggd av dess storlek, läge, köksstandard samt byggår. Resultaten visar att läget till viss del är felvärderat för båda företagen samt att läget generellt har en liten påverkan på hyresnivåern / The purpose of the study is to investigate and compare different rental models in different cities in Sweden, focusing on Gothenburg, Umeå and Malmö. In addition to this the composition of two rental models of two municipal housing companies will be shown to see how different accommodation quality variables affect the rental levels. A comparison with the co-operative apartments market will also be conducted to compare the differences in which variables the price consists of compared to the rental levels. The majority of all rents in tenancies are determined by the annual negotiations between the property owners and the tenant organization where the rents are based on the location of the apartment, the standard and its operating costs. In the annual rental negotiations the rent is adjusted to better reflect the tenant’s values In this study I’ve used hedonic regressions to analyze data from two municipal housing companies in Malmö and Gothenburg. The results shows that the rental levels of the apartments mainly are based on its size, location, kitchen standard and year of construction. The results show that the location variables in some cases are wrongly valuated for both companies and that the location variable has a small impact on the rental levels.

１９５０年代，中、韓兩國均針對地權不均與惡劣的租佃制度，進行土地改革，中華 民國台灣地區首先改善租佃制度，繼之推行耕者有其田政策。大韓民國則在消除租佃 制與創設自耕農的原則之下，實行農地改革。由於兩國所採取的改進措施有些不同， 而顯示不同的結果，隨著農業環境之變化，而面臨了新的租佃問題。於是筆者乃著眼 兩國之租佃問題之所在與已實行的改進措施，並比較分析相類點與相異點，導出相互 可供借鏡之處，以探尋向後租佃制之改進方向。 租佃制度與各種農業問題相互涉及的範圍相當廣泛，因此，本文的研究範圍限於租佃 制度之實態與已推行的改進措施。採用比較研究法，蒐集相關資料，進行整理分析， 俾能了解兩國的租佃制，並提出改進意見，以供兩國之參考。 第一章導論，分析本論文之研究動機、目的目、方法及範圍。 第二章首先諭論及租佃問題之所在與其改進措施，加以說明租佃制與農地利用關係。 第三、四章探討中、韓兩國之租佃制，分析農地改革前之租佃問題，加以說明其改善 措施與結果。 第五章比較分析，探討農地改革以來租佃制之演變過程與問題之背景等，加以比較兩 國所採用的改進措施與當前課題。 第六章提出改進意見，做為結論與建議。

台灣地區自民國三十八年推行一連串土地改革以來，成效非凡，不但解除積弊已欠的 土地問題，同時奠定了今日經濟繁榮的基礎。唯時至今日，由於社會、經濟結構急遽 變遷，在農地方面也同時衍生了本質上與過去完全不同的租佃問題，針對這些問題自 應另謀解決的對策。本研究之目的，即在謀求合理的解決方案姿提供制定農地政策之 參考。至於研究方法則係利用問卷調查與實地訪談方式，深入農村實地了解業主與佃 農的經濟背景與個人意願，並將調查結果，以個別分析和交叉分析法進行分析研究。 在研究過程中，首先就我國農地租佃制度的歷史背景，做一簡述，作為鑑往知來旳理 論基礎，其次分析業佃雙方的家庭經濟結構，作為判斷雙方家庭客觀上是否具備耕作 能力及從事農業經營可能性的指標，並進一步假設解除三七五策佃契約時，對雙方可 能造成的影響。最後配合訪問所得的業佃雙方主觀意願，以判斷當今農地租佃制度應 遵循的方向，係由業主收回自耕或者放領予佃農耕作，還是其怹更合理可行的辦法。 經分析結果發現三七五租佃制度雖有其卓越貢獻，但因客觀情勢改奱，該制度已漸無 法適應時代所需，為解決日益嚴重的農地租佃問題，並預防可能衍生的其他相關問題 ，宜適度調整其手段與限制，以因應社會潮流及人民需要，同時，政策指導方向亦應 由注重土地分配問題轉移為以如何合理利用土地為重心的農地利用問題

Esta dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo investigar arranjos de trabalho e disputas por liberdade encerradas em contratos de locação de serviços registrados entre os anos de 1830 e 1888 no Primeiro Cartório de Notas da Capital, em São Paulo, e no Primeiro Tabelionato de Notas de Campinas. Estes contratos inserem-se na lógica das alforrias compensatórias produzidas ao longo do século XIX, tendo proporcionando a continuidade do domínio escravista e da exploração do trabalho dos egressos da escravidão no pós-emancipação. Dessa forma, demarcaram a entrada precária dos egressos da escravidão no mundo da liberdade. A documentação analisada inclui ainda registros de disputas judiciais associadas a contratos de locação de serviços que demonstram as negociações e conflitos vividos na prática social entre a camada senhorial e os trabalhadores dispostos a realizar seus projetos de liberdade. / This essay aims to investigate work arrangements and disputes over freedom encompassed in service renting contracts registered between years 1830 and 1888 in the First Notary Office in the cities of São Paulo and Campinas. These contracts are comprehended in the logics of compensatory manumission produced throughout the 19th century. They provided the continuation of slave domain and the exploitation of workers that came out of slavery in the aftermath of emancipation. Thus, these contracts established precarious conditions for the entrance of former slaves in the domains of freedom. The sources analyzed also include registers of judicial disputes related to service renting contracts that unravel the negotiations and conflicts carried out in social practice by members of the manorial layer and workers determined to fulfill their freedom projects.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:32:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Antonio Estevam dos Santos.pdf: 2239414 bytes, checksum: 93462823c1548a3f26b1921027797555 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-01 / Fundação Ford / This dissertation analyzes the narratives of subjects who printed a different meaning to the juridical contract that established the legal conditions for possession and housing. The meanings and experiences of social life were analyzed from the cultural studies perspective, historiographic current heterogeneous in their approaches, but it focused on the subject the senses of their actions rather than it structures. It has its initial goal in 1967 when was created the São Pedro settlement and the first occupations, and outcome in 2002, when, by the first time, the association of people organized a seminar to discuss the end of Renting. Within the framework of urban illegality, these individuals built their homes, provided the area of social significance and gave the steps to urbanize the district. This study also discusses the power and limits of the law against the political action of private agents and public power which is the official laws formulator and arbiter of the land conflicts. Through oral history, it articulates impressions, interpretations and meanings of Renting on the experience of housing and the constitution of the São Pedro district. It also examines the importance of oral history as an instrument of change, since the oral parts were essential to the decrees publication that banned the collection of the forum / Nesta dissertação, analisam-se as narrativas de sujeitos que imprimiram um significado diferente ao contrato jurídico que estabelecia as condições de posse e morada. Os significados e as experiências sociais de vida foram analisados sob a ótica dos estudos culturais, corrente historiográfica heterogênea em suas abordagens, mas que centraram nos sujeitos os sentidos de suas ações e não nas estruturas. Este estudo tem sua baliza inicial em 1967, quando teve início o loteamento São Pedro e as primeiras ocupações, e o seu desfecho em 2002, quando, pela primeira vez, a Associação de Moradores organiza um seminário para discutir o fim do aforamento. Dentro dos marcos da ilegalidade urbana, esses sujeitos edificaram suas casas, dotaram o espaço de significado social e deram os passos (mutirão) fundamentais para a urbanização do bairro. O trabalho discute, também, o poder e os limites da lei frente às ações políticas dos agentes privados e do próprio Poder Público, que é o agente formulador de leis e árbitro dos conflitos fundiários. Por meio da história oral, articula as impressões, interpretações e sentidos do aforamento na experiência de moradia e na constituição do bairro São Pedro. Analisa, ainda, a importância da história oral como instrumento de mudança, uma vez que os depoimentos orais foram peças imprescindíveis para a publicação dos decretos que proibiram a cobrança do foro

Esta dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo investigar arranjos de trabalho e disputas por liberdade encerradas em contratos de locação de serviços registrados entre os anos de 1830 e 1888 no Primeiro Cartório de Notas da Capital, em São Paulo, e no Primeiro Tabelionato de Notas de Campinas. Estes contratos inserem-se na lógica das alforrias compensatórias produzidas ao longo do século XIX, tendo proporcionando a continuidade do domínio escravista e da exploração do trabalho dos egressos da escravidão no pós-emancipação. Dessa forma, demarcaram a entrada precária dos egressos da escravidão no mundo da liberdade. A documentação analisada inclui ainda registros de disputas judiciais associadas a contratos de locação de serviços que demonstram as negociações e conflitos vividos na prática social entre a camada senhorial e os trabalhadores dispostos a realizar seus projetos de liberdade. / This essay aims to investigate work arrangements and disputes over freedom encompassed in service renting contracts registered between years 1830 and 1888 in the First Notary Office in the cities of São Paulo and Campinas. These contracts are comprehended in the logics of compensatory manumission produced throughout the 19th century. They provided the continuation of slave domain and the exploitation of workers that came out of slavery in the aftermath of emancipation. Thus, these contracts established precarious conditions for the entrance of former slaves in the domains of freedom. The sources analyzed also include registers of judicial disputes related to service renting contracts that unravel the negotiations and conflicts carried out in social practice by members of the manorial layer and workers determined to fulfill their freedom projects.

Dagens konsumenter blir allt mer uppmärksammade på modeindustrins konsekvenser för miljön. Samtidigt har intresset för kollaborativ konsumtion ökat under de senaste åren och kan ses som ett alternativt till en mer hållbar konsumtion. Att handla kläder second hand samt att hyra kläder ingår under kategorin kollaborativ klädkonsumtion. Studiens syfte är att undersöka konsumenters attityder till kollaborativ konsumtion genom att handla second hand respektive hyra kläder. Genom kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer riktat till personer som någon gång handlat second hand ämnade studien få en djupare förståelse kring deras attityder gentemot secondhand respektive att hyra kläder. Sammanfattningsvis kom studien fram till att attityden till de båda kollaborativa tjänsterna skiljer sig åt och att uthyrningstjänster inte kan applicera samma logik som second hand. / Today's consumers are becoming increasingly aware of the fashion industry's consequences for the environment. At the same time, interest in collaborative consumption has increased in recent years and can be seen as an alternative to a more sustainable consumption. Shopping for second-hand clothes and renting clothes are included in the category of collaborative clothing consumption. The purpose of the study is to investigate consumers' attitudes to collaborative consumption by buying second-hand and renting clothes. Through qualitative semi-structured interviews aimed at people who have shopped second-hand, the study intended to gain a deeper understanding of their attitudes towards second-hand and renting clothes. In summary, the study concluded that the attitude to the two collaborative services differs and that rental services cannot apply the same logic as secondhand.

The Master’s thesis deal with issues of deciding between rental and own housing. The attention is focused on the advantages and disadvantages of different forms of housing. For own housing the possibilities of financing are suggested. Cost are compared with particular forms of housing. It is created decision-making process dutiny choosing type of housing. In last part of this thesis comparison with financial difficulty of both forms of housing is realized on a model case and it is recommended more advantageous way of housing.

Background: Fast furniture is a growing trend similar to fast fashion and fast food, implying that manufacturers produce large quantities of inexpensive furniture. At the same time, consumers use the furniture shorter and replace it more frequently. Fast furniture relies on high resource consumption, outsourced production, and furniture design that makes it necessary to replace it more often. This causes a decrease in quality and an increase in produced quantities. Most of the furniture worldwide is landfilled as it is not recyclable due to low-quality materials. One potential solution is implementing Circular Economic practices, including furniture rental as an alternative way of consumption. Consumer acceptance of this model is scarcely researched, but the formation of consumers' attitudes and intentions has been the subject of publications in other consumption contexts. The recent literature is reviewed, and a research framework was built based on the Theory of Reasoned Action and additional intrapersonal barriers and drivers. Purpose: This research aimed to explain the relationship between intrapersonal barriers and drivers with attitude and behavioral intention towards furniture rental. Further, it was aimed to show which furniture categories are most likely to be rented. Method: A quantitative approach deploying a self-administered online survey was chosen. 235 usable responses were gathered, which were analyzed using PLS-SEM to assess the hypothesized relationships. Conclusion: The findings show that the overall attitude towards furniture rental is positive. Trend orientation and perceived risk are the most influential antecedents of attitude and behavioral intention. Supporting the Theory of Reasoned Action, attitude is the strongest predictor of behavioral intention. Perceived sustainability value, perceived economic value, and materialism also significantly influence the intention to rent furniture. Familiarity with the Sharing Economy shows no significant influence. The study contributes to the existing literature on consumer intentions to use alternative consumption. A new research model was developed based on existing theory and literature. Managers can use the findings to alter, adapt, and build their furniture rental service offerings.

本研究針對房屋本身具有高度異質性、昂貴性、耐久性、低重複購買頻率、消費與投資雙重性等特性，使得一般行銷研究結果，套用在解釋購屋搜尋行為可能產生問題。但以往房屋市場之搜尋行為研究，多著重價格之搜尋，且忽略其他管道使用情形，難以全面窺視購屋者之搜尋行為，故本研究依據前述房屋主要的幾個特性，藉由回顧搜尋行為相關理論與文獻提出研究假說，透過存活分析法與多項邏輯特模型進行實證，重新審視購屋者之搜尋行為。 首先，考量房屋不同於一般消費性商品之特性，可能使得一般行銷研究結果，套用在解釋購屋搜尋行為時產生問題，故以存活分析探討這些特性對搜尋期間可能造成的影響。研究結果發現購屋目的顯著影響搜尋期間，且購屋者在搜尋時會同時重視產品與價格，其重視程度增加將拉長搜尋期間，而時間壓力對搜尋期間影響則不顯著。最後，透過仲介購屋之購屋者，因為可供考慮物件增多，且服務費用多寡與取得物件數量無關，因此，其搜尋期間較自行搜尋者增加。研究結果在實務上的意涵為，當景氣處於較低迷時，業者應多提供購屋者關於產品之外部資訊，特別是與家戶切身相關之房屋資訊，並極力避免價格戰，而仲介業者也應重新檢討目前的服務方式，以期達成協助購屋者迅速成交之企業訴求。 而房屋的消費與投資雙重性與經驗財之特性，使得個人對房價的認知與預期的差異，影響其搜尋期間，而產生有限理性之決策。本研究以存活分析探討個人目前房價認知與未來房價預期差異對搜尋期間的影響。結果顯示定錨效應確實影響購屋搜尋行為，在納入個人目前房價認知後，自住者對房價看法看漲者參考點較高，搜尋期間縮短，反之，看跌者搜尋期間較長。也就是對目前房價看法越樂觀，但對一年後房價看法悲觀者，其參考點向下修正幅度越高。研究結果主要貢獻在釐清購屋搜尋行為為有限理性決策，房價看法應由目前房價認知與未來房價預期共同構成，且未來房價預期有加強定錨效應的情況。 除前述特性以外，房屋尚有低重複購買頻率的特性，雖然相關研究證實經驗確實會影響搜尋期間，卻忽略租屋經驗可能造成的影響，特別是租屋搜尋與購屋搜尋有部分相似，但以往卻少有研究討論，更遑論深入分析兩種經驗個別對購屋搜尋行為的影響。本研究透過存活分析法，去探討購屋經驗、租屋經驗，對預售屋、成屋購屋搜尋行為的影響。研究結果顯示，就購買成屋部分，相對於無任何經驗之購屋搜尋者，租屋經驗與搜尋期間為正向關係，購屋經驗與搜尋期間為負向關係。而仲介服務則有助於提升中度經驗者之經驗水準，縮短其搜尋期間。就購買預售屋部分，僅購屋經驗有顯著負向影響，但租屋經驗似乎難以延伸至預售屋之購買。研究結果主要貢獻在於，釐清先前租屋經驗確實可延伸至本次的購屋搜尋，而購屋經驗對購屋搜尋期間之影響為負向，租屋經驗對搜尋期間影響為正向，且兩者對預售屋、成屋之購屋搜尋期間影響不同，故在進行分析與研究結論的引用時，應予以分別討論。 除探討搜尋期間外，本研究更針對含個人來源與商業來源不同管道對搜尋期間之影響進行討論。研究結果顯示，購屋者資訊搜尋管道之選擇，以商業來源與混合來源居多，且常使用含個人來源搜尋之購屋者，搜尋期間較有使用商業來源者短。此結果表示對購屋者而言，搜尋管道並非互斥，購屋者會努力使用不同管道去搜尋資訊，以降低決策之不確定性，且隱含購屋者對商業來源有一定程度的不信任。因此，建議業者除維持現有行銷管道，應加強口碑行銷，以提升溝通效率。 / House is a durable good with heterogeneity, expensiveness, and low liquidity, and also an investment and consumption product. Those characteristics made housing search behavior not to be applied appropriately from the general marketing research results. This dissertation employs search theory, behavior theory, survival analysis, and multinomial logit model to study four relative essays. The first essay tries to explain the difference between houses and consumer goods. Our research tested three hypotheses by questionnaires which investigated the person who is in charge family livelihood and bought house during 1998 and 2002 in Tai-chung. The three hypotheses have been confirmed. First, because the house is a good important to all family members, the search duration of the houses for self-living is longer than those for investment. Second, not only the price differences affect the search duration but also the product differences do; however, the influences of time pressure and purchase experience on search duration are not significant. Last but not least, because house searchers have more house selling information through brokers and no additional cost from visiting one more house, they prefer to extend their search duration compared to those who search by himself. The meaning of our research in practice is that the house seller should provide more product information to house buyer and give every effort to avoid price war. The second essay is to discuss how house searchers measure search costs and benefits with utility or price if they are rational decision-makers. We develop a hypothesis and a search model of indefinite and sampling without recall which integrates the studies on worker search, prospect theory, and search behavior. The data comes from “Taiwan Housing Demand Survey” and includes home-buyers and home-searchers from 2003Q1 to 2003Q4. The result shows that the buyers are bounded rational, and the stopping ratio has time dependency. The buyers tend to search for minimum price during the economic fluctuation. When the consumption buyers have a higher housing price perception, they also have a higher reference points, it makes them shorten their search duration. And their price expectation would enhance the anchoring effect. Searching more can bring the buyers benefits mainly from utility increase but not price discount. Therefore, it seems reasonable to subsume individual price perception and expectation when analyzing home-buyers’ search behaviors. The third essay focuses on the effects of homebuyers’ buying and renting experience on their search behaviors. The data also comes from “Taiwan Housing Demand Survey” and includes home-buyers and home-searchers from 2003Q1 to 2004Q1. The results show that our two hypotheses are supported. The effects of homebuyers’ prior house buying experience on search duration are different from their prior house renting experience. While buying a pre-sale or existing house, the buyers with renting experience have longer duration than the buyer with buying or non-experience. In addition, only buying experiences of homebuyers have positive relation with the search duration of pre-sale houses. The final essay has two goals. One is to explore how homebuyers choose information sources. The other is to examine the relationship between information sources and search duration. The data comes from “Taiwan Housing Demand Survey” and includes the questionnaires from sampled homebuyers of 2005Q3. We also use survival model to test our hypotheses. The results show that homebuyers incline to use the commercial sources and mix sources. Even the limit of personal source, it can reduce the buyers’ search duration. Therefore, in order to improve transaction efficiency, the firms should make use of their existing marketing channels and try to build good word-of-mouth as well.