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La présente thèse a pour ambition de comprendre les mécanismes de la production de l’habitat précaire à Yaoundé et les stratégies des différents acteurs privés et publics pour le résorber. Elle résulte d’une méthodologie qui combine la recherche documentaire, les observations directes, les enquêtes par questionnaire auprès d’un échantillon représentatif des ménages des quartiers à habitat précaire de Yaoundé, et les entretiens auprès des chefs de quartiers, responsables d’associations et ONG de Yaoundé, oeuvrant dans l’amélioration des quartiers à habitat précaire. Il ressort de cette étude que les quartiers à habitat précaire de la ville de Yaoundé se développent essentiellement sur les versants de collines escarpées et dans les fonds de vallées marécageuses. Ils posent de réels problèmes qui poussent les pouvoirs urbains d’une part à les raser (Municipalité) et d’autre part à y mettre en oeuvre des stratégies et/ou programmes d’amélioration (l’État à travers le PPAB et le PDUE ; les ONG, les associations des quartiers, les particuliers, etc.). En effet, l’habitat précaire dans les quartiers étudiés a tout d’abord occupé les versants de collines escarpées, puis s’est étalé dans les marécages, zones en principe non aedificandi. Ces quartiers rassemblent près de 90 % de la population de la ville. Cette dernière, qui provient d’horizons géographiques divers, n’a pas de titre foncier lui garantissant la propriété et les transactions foncières s’y font dans l’illégalité. Les habitations quant à elles, sont construites par des tâcherons qui emploient des matériaux de fortune. Les quartiers à habitat précaire de la ville de Yaoundé ont de réels problèmes d’assainissement. L’évacuation des déchets solides constitue une question épineuse pour les ménages, surtout en termes d’accès aux services de collecte de qualité. Le réseau de distribution de l’électricité présente de façon permanente des défaillances, et l’approvisionnement en eau se fait soit en sous-location à partir d’un robinet appartenant à un particulier, soit à la borne fontaine, soit à une source ou dans un puits d’eau. L’occupation anarchique des versants de collines escarpées et des fonds de vallées marécageuses est à l’origine de nombreux phénomènes "naturels" dont l’érosion, les glissements de terrain et les inondations. Les stratégies de traitement de l’habitat précaire par les pouvoirs urbains publics sont orientées d’une part vers le déguerpissement sans indemnisation des populations n’ayant ni titre foncier, ni permis de construire, et d’autre part vers le désenclavement par restructuration. Plusieurs ONG et associations des quartiers contribuent à l’assainissement de certains quartiers à habitat précaire dans la ville de Yaoundé. Aussi, les populations de ces quartiers emploient des techniques de fortune pour stabiliser les milieux occupés et faire ainsi face aux problèmes hydrologiques et géomorphologiques. Les opérations de restructuration des secteurs à habitations précaires et de recasement des populations installées dans des zones à risque réel, sont des opérations d’aménagement adaptées dans le contexte socio-économique yaoundéen. Pour une amélioration plus efficace, l’État doit impérativement procéder à des changements structurels normatifs et administratifs à différentes échelles. La législation devrait donc envisager l’option d’un réaménagement des secteurs précaires des quartiers dans le but à long terme de normaliser la situation foncière de leurs habitants. Les pouvoirs publics doivent prendre conscience de l’utilité d’intégrer la problématique des quartiers à habitat précaire dans la planification de l’évolution de leur territoire. / The present thesis has as an ambition to understand the mechanisms of the production of the precarious habitat in Yaounde and the strategies of the various private and public actors to reabsorb it. It results from a methodology which combines the document retrieval, the direct observations, the investigations by questionnaire near a representative sample of the households of the districts with precarious habitat of Yaounde, and the talks at the chiefs of districts, persons in charge of associations and ONG of Yaounde, working in the improvement of the districts with precarious habitat. It comes out from this study that the districts with precarious habitat of the town of Yaounde develop primarily on the slopes of steep hills and in the funds of marshy valleys. They pose real problems which push the urban powers on the one hand to shave them (Municipality) and on the other hand to implement at it strategies and/or programs of improvement (the State through the PPAB and the PDUE; ONG, associations of the districts, individuals, etc). Indeed, the precarious habitat in the studied districts first of all occupied the slopes of steep hills, then was spread out in the marshes, zones in theory not aedificandi. These districts gather nearly 90% of the population of the city. The latter, which comes from various geographical horizons, does not have a land title guaranteeing the property to him and the land transactions are done there in the illegality. The dwellings as for them, are built by drudges who employ materials of fortune. The districts with precarious habitat of the town of Yaounde have real problems of cleansing. The evacuation of solid waste constitutes a thorny question for the households, especially in terms of access to the services of collection of quality. The distribution network of electricity present in a permanent way of the failures, and the water provision is done either in sub-renting starting from a tap pertaining to a individual, or on the terminal fountain, or with a source or in a water well. The anarchistic occupation of the slopes of steep hills and the funds of marshy valleys is in the beginning many “natural” phenomena of which erosion, landslides and floods. The strategies of treatment of the precarious habitat by the public urban powers are directed on the one hand towards the abandonment without compensation for the populations not having neither land title, nor building permit, and on the other hand towards opening-up by reorganization. Several ONG and associations of the districts contribute to the cleansing of certain districts with precarious habitat in the town of Yaounde. Also, the populations of these districts employ techniques of fortune to stabilize the occupied mediums and to thus make vis-a-vis the hydrological and geomorphological problems. The operations of reorganization of the sectors with precarious dwellings and of rehousing of the populations installed in zones at real risk, are operations of installation adapted in the socio-economic context yaoundéen. For a more effective improvement, the State must imperatively carry out normative and administrative structural changes various scales. The legislation should thus plan the option of a refitting of the precarious sectors of the districts with a long-term aim to standardize the land situation their inhabitants. The public authorities must become aware of the utility to integrate the problems of the districts into precarious habitat in the planning of the evolution of their territory.

Submitted by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2018-01-17T16:14:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FELIPE VIEIRA BATISTA.pdf: 1413084 bytes, checksum: f5240e01545a3a1fccf3f9aa68a5a877 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2018-01-17T16:14:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FELIPE VIEIRA BATISTA.pdf: 1413084 bytes, checksum: f5240e01545a3a1fccf3f9aa68a5a877 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-17T16:14:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FELIPE VIEIRA BATISTA.pdf: 1413084 bytes, checksum: f5240e01545a3a1fccf3f9aa68a5a877 (MD5) / A Lei nº 11.101/2005 (Lei de Recuperações de Empresas e Falências - LRF) foi editada há mais de uma década. Entretanto, a respectiva aplicação cotidiana é um fenômeno relativamente recente, estando associado à crise econômica dos últimos anos. Trata-se de lei que contém dispositivos de natureza material e processual, sendo indiscutível que o referido instituto se desenvolve por meio de um processo. Nesse contexto, e embora a doutrina revele alguma preocupação com os aspectos processuais da Lei nº 11.101/2005, não existem estudos específicos voltados a definir com clareza a natureza do referido processo, o que prejudica a coerência e linearidade do conhecimento jurídico produzido a respeito do tema A presente dissertação pretende preencher justamente essa lacuna, demonstrando que o processo de recuperação judicial abarca situações jurídicas coletivas, bem como que se trata de um processo coletivo. Além disso, o referido processo envolve a reestruturação de uma instituição, o que faz com que se conclua que o mesmo compartilha de características próprias ao chamado processo coletivo estrutural. Diante de tais premissas, é necessário repensar a legitimação para a pratica de atos na recuperação judicial, utilizando-se meios voltados a garantir que os indivíduos e coletividades afetadas – ainda que ausentes – tenham os respectivos interesses efetivamente representados dentro do processo. / Federal Law n. 11.101/2005 (Law on Judicial Recovery and Bankruptcy - LRF) was issued more than a decade ago. However, its frequent application is a relatively recent phenomenon, associated with the recent economic crisis. This law contains provisions of both a material and procedural nature; in addition, it is certain that the judicial recovery is developed through a legal process. Although the literature has demonstrated some concern with the procedural aspects of the LRF, there are no specific studies aimed at defining the nature of the aforementioned legal process, which impairs the coherence and linearity of the legal knowledge produced on the subject. This dissertation intends to fill this gap, demonstrating that the judicial recovery is collective legal process. In addition, this process involves the restructuring of an institution, which makes it possible to conclude that it shares characteristics of the so called structural injunctions. Faced with such a premise, it is necessary to rethink the legitimacy to practice acts in judicial recovery, even considering the use of means aimed at ensuring that affected individuals and communities - even if absent - have their respective interests effectively represented within the process.

This paper has as objective to analyze the work process and the syndical worker’s organization from the footwear industry Azaléia Nordeste. The industrial unit of the Azaléia Nordeste is hosted in the bahian city of Itapetinga since 1997, and belongs to the Grupo Calçados Azaléia S/A, the latter, since 1958, with headquarters in the city of Parobé, in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Knowing that it’s not possible to understand in a satisfactory way the coming of the Azaléia industry to Bahia, and in particular to the city of Itapetinga and surrounding region, it became necessary to search the most general determination that had produced the favorable conditions to the current productive displacements. Thus, the research deals with subjects such as the structural crisis of the capital since the 70s, the worldwide of the capital, the flexible accumulation and the most recent productive reorganization of the capital, all remarkable events between the end of the years 1970 and beginning of the 1980 decade, but which have lasted until the current days. There are also some issues which are dealt as the State crisis, the decline of the Fordism, fight of classes, the lack of work conditions and the unionism crisis. Beyond the macrostructure determination, particularities had also been verified as being associated to these phenomena, as much in national level (Brazil), as state (Bahia) and even municipal (Itapetinga). Thus, the introducing of the Azaléia in the micron-region of Itapetinga must be explained by the joint of the structural changes of the capitalism with the factors and specific situations, of national regional and local character; or either, the arrival of the Azalea to the micron-region of Itapetinga, with all its consequences, could only be fully understood from the dialectic joint of the general with the particular one. This joint is one of the nexuses of the perspective of the totality. And the most fruitful formularization of the totality notion used the legacy of Marx and Engels, later developed by the Marxism. It’s about the historical dialectic materialism. For this reason, one searched to apply in this study this theoretical referential. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / Esta dissertação tem por objeto analisar o processo de trabalho e a organização sindical dos trabalhadores da indústria de calçados Azaléia Nordeste. A unidade industrial da Azaléia Nordeste está sediada no município baiano de Itapetinga desde 1997, e pertence ao Grupo Calçados Azaléia S/A, este, desde 1958, com sede no município de Parobé, no estado brasileiro do Rio Grande do Sul. Sabendo não ser possível compreender de maneira satisfatória a vinda da Azaléia para a Bahia, e em particular para o município de Itapetinga e região circunvizinha, fez-se necessário buscar as determinações mais gerais que engendraram as condições favoráveis aos atuais deslocamentos produtivos. Assim, a pesquisa aborda temas como a crise estrutural do capital desde os anos 1970, a mundialização do capital, a acumulação flexível e a mais recente reestruturação produtiva do capital, todos acontecimentos marcantes entre o final dos anos 1970 e início da década de 1980, mas que perduram até os dias atuais. São abordadas também questões como a crise do Estado, o declínio do fordismo, luta de classe, a precarização das condições de trabalho e a crise do sindicalismo. Para além das determinações macro-estruturais, também foram verificadas particularidades associadas a estes fenômenos, tanto em nível nacional (Brasil), quanto estadual (Bahia) e mesmo municipal (Itapetinga). Assim, a implantação da Azaléia na micro-região de Itapetinga deve ser explicada pela articulação das mudanças estruturais do capitalismo com os fatores e situações específicas, de caráter nacional, regional e local; ou seja, a chegada da Azaléia à micro-região de Itapetinga, com todas as suas conseqüências, somente poderá ser plenamente compreendida a partir da articulação dialética do geral com o particular. Esta articulação é um dos nexos da perspectiva da totalidade. E a mais fecunda formulação da noção de totalidade vale-se do legado de Marx e Engels, posteriormente desenvolvido pelo marxismo. Trata-se do materialismo histórico-dialético. Por esse motivo, buscou-se aplicar nesse estudo esse referencial teórico.

Submitted by Vinicius Augusto Brunassi Silva (vinicius.vitio@gmail.com) on 2016-01-06T23:05:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Versão biblioteca - Final - Vinicius Brunassi _1_.pdf: 780857 bytes, checksum: 5e612d9c7928e7577f0189e1cca421e5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2016-01-07T10:02:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Versão biblioteca - Final - Vinicius Brunassi _1_.pdf: 780857 bytes, checksum: 5e612d9c7928e7577f0189e1cca421e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-07T10:23:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Versão biblioteca - Final - Vinicius Brunassi _1_.pdf: 780857 bytes, checksum: 5e612d9c7928e7577f0189e1cca421e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-14 / This thesis examines the characteristics of the decision-making process of creditors with respect to either pursuing court reorganization or bankruptcy. It is divided into four chapters, which have been written as stand-alone papers. The second chapter provides a general review of the theoretical and empirical papers on reorganization and bankruptcy. It also describes three case studies to show the complexity of each case in terms of the concentration of claims, disparities of interest among the three classes of creditors and the final decision regarding the approval or rejection of the reorganization plan. The third chapter studies the determinants of delay in corporate reorganizations. It empirically investigates delays in voting on reorganization plans between 2005 and 2014, suggesting that (i) a high concentration of debt among classes of claimholders is related to shorter delays; (ii) a higher number of banks holding claims is related to longer delays; (iii) the average delay decreases considerably when only one class is voting on the plan; (iv) labor and secured creditors demand a delay when the level of collateral is higher; (v) the average delay is longer when the performance of the debtor’s sector is lower and the delay is demanded by secured or unsecured classes; and (vi) a divestment proposal is the main topic discussed by claimholders in cases with longer delays. The fourth chapter presents evidence on the approval of the reorganization plan. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the likelihood of approval based on reorganization plans for creditors that require approval by employees and secure and unsecure debtholders. We find that (i) the labor class of creditors is likely to approve the reorganization plan even when the plan is rejected, (ii) plans with more heterogeneous payment for classes are less likely to be accepted, (iii) plans are less likely to be accepted when there are more unsecure creditors and (iv) plans with divestment proposals are more likely to be accepted. Finally, as expected given the seniority position of secured debt, plans are less likely to be accepted when the portion of secured debt is higher, and the reverse is true for unsecured debt. / Esta tese tem por objetivo examinar as características do processo de decisão em que credores optam pela recuperação judicial ou liquidação da empresa em dificuldade financeira. O trabalho está dividido em quatro capítulos. No segundo capítulo, apresenta-se, de forma sistematizada, referencial teórico e evidências empíricas para apontar resultados importantes sobre estudos desenvolvidos nas áreas de recuperação de empresas e falência. O capítulo também apresenta três estudos de caso com o propósito de mostrar a complexidade de cada caso no que diz respeito à concentração de recursos, conflito de interesse entre as classes de credores e a decisão final sobre a aprovação ou rejeição do plano de recuperação judicial. No terceiro capítulo, analisam-se os determinantes do atraso pertinente à votação do plano de recuperação judicial. O trabalho propõe um estudo empírico dos atrasos entre 2005 e 2014. Os resultados sugerem que: (i) maior concentração da dívida entre as classes de credores possui relação com atrasos menores; (ii) maior quantidade de bancos para votar o plano de recuperação judicial possui relação com maiores atrasos; (iii) o atraso médio na votação diminui quando apenas uma classe de credores participa da votação do plano; (iv) credores trabalhistas e com garantia real atrasam a votação quando o valor dos ativos para garantir a dívida em caso de liquidação é maior; (v) o atraso médio na votação é maior em casos de pior desempenho do setor de atuação do devedor, sendo solicitado pelas classes quirografária e com garantia real; e (vi) a proposta de venda de ativos é o principal tópico discutido nas reuniões de votação do plano nos casos em que o atraso na votação é maior. Por fim, no quarto capítulo, apresenta-se evidência sobre a votação dos credores e a probabilidade de aprovação do plano de recuperação judicial. Os resultados sugerem que: (i) credores trabalhistas estão propensos a aprovar o plano de recuperação mesmo quando o plano é rejeitado pelas demais classes; (ii) planos com propostas de pagamento mais heterogêneas para as três classes de credores possuem menor chance de serem aceitos; (iii) a chance de aprovação do plano diminui nos casos em que mais credores quirografários participam da recuperação; e (iv) planos com proposta de venda de ativos possuem maior chance de serem aprovados. Finalmente, maior concentração da dívida na classe com garantia real diminui a chance de aprovação do plano, e o contrário ocorre na classe quirografária.

Submitted by Mariana Oreng (mariana.oreng@gmail.com) on 2017-03-20T13:51:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert_MOreng_final.pdf: 1436091 bytes, checksum: d7213dd44f2cbcc221da2058a36cd19f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2017-03-20T14:01:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert_MOreng_final.pdf: 1436091 bytes, checksum: d7213dd44f2cbcc221da2058a36cd19f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-20T14:28:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert_MOreng_final.pdf: 1436091 bytes, checksum: d7213dd44f2cbcc221da2058a36cd19f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / This study analyzes how bank creditors vote on corporate reorganization filings. Brazil offers an excellent scenario for bankruptcy research: on the 10th anniversary of the Brazilian Bankruptcy Code, the number of reorganization filings skyrocketed, increasing from 110 in 2005 to 1863 in 2016. Our work is both theoretical and empirical; we suggest a cooperative game setting to explain creditor behavior, and we apply pooled cross-sectional data from 125 reorganization filings in Brazil from 2006 to 2016. We find evidence that the haircut proposed by debtors is the main factor driving bank creditors’ decisions, rather than firm size or age, as the traditional literature proposes. In accordance with our theoretical model, the proportion of senior debt is not relevant in explaining bank responses to reorganizations. By employing a unique dataset, we contribute to the bankruptcy literature by showing that the unified creditors’ framework does not apply. By looking at bank conflict at the interest level, we verify that the approval rate for reorganization filings decreases sharply, which indicates that coordination failures result from negotiation problems and often lead to liquidation. Due to legal and process similarities with countries such as the United States and Canada, the study also offers important insights regarding bankruptcy cases in general. / Este estudo explora como bancos credores votam em processos de recuperação judicial. O Brasil oferece um excelente cenário para este tipo de pesquisa: no décimo aniversário da Lei de Falências, o número de pedidos de reorganização aumentou de 110 em 2005 para 1863 em 2016. Este trabalho é teórico e empírico: Sugerimos um cenário de jogo cooperativo para explicar o comportamento dos credores e utilizamos dados agrupados de corte transversal de 125 registros de recuperação no Brasil de 2006 a 2016. Encontramos evidências de que a margem de redução proposta pelos devedores é o principal fator que pesa na decisão dos credores bancários, ao invés do tamanho da empresa ou seu tempo de mercado, como sugere a literatura tradicional em falências. De acordo com o modelo teórico proposto, demonstra-se que a proporção da dívida sênior não é relevante para explicar as respostas dos bancos credores às recuperações. Ao empregar um conjunto de dados exclusivo, este estudo contribui para a literatura de falências mostrando que a ideia de credores unificados não se aplica. Ao analisar o conflito entre bancos credores no nível da empresa, verifica-se que a taxa de aprovação de pedidos de recuperação diminui acentuadamente em casos de conflito, o que indica que as falhas de coordenação resultam de problemas de negociação e muitas vezes levam à liquidação. Devido a semelhanças legais e processuais a países como os Estados Unidos e Canadá, o estudo também oferece novas percepções sobre casos de falência em geral.

The dissertation thesis works out the problematic of increasing quality in information flow in road haulage. The thesis highlights logistic chains of road haulage of both carload freight and colli deliveries. Research project took place in two divisions of the biggest south bohemian transport company ČSAD JIHOTRANS a.s. The specified quality improvement of information flows comes out from implementation of new information technologies. The dissertation thesis is not only the description of new functions of implemented technologies, but it mainly describes consequential changes, which are necessary to perform in order to reach requested improvements.

Cette thèse est une contribution à la littérature sur les défaillances d’entreprises et celle sur les groupes d’entreprises. Basée sur un échantillon d’entreprises françaises entrées en procédure collective sur la période entre 2006 et 2012, elle propose de repenser la défaillance à la lumière de deux faits. Le premier concerne la spécificité du cadre légal français du traitement de la défaillance qui, malgré son orientation pro-débiteur, n’empêche pas la liquidation d’une part suffisamment élevée des entreprises sollicitant l’ouverture d’une procédure collective annuellement. Le second concerne la place croissante des groupes au sein du tissu productif et la conciliation du processus de filialisation avec le principe d’indépendance de l’entité. A travers une approche pluridisciplinaire alliant le droit à l’économie, cette thèse propose d’étudier la défaillance comme un processus qui débute avec l’entrée de l’entreprise en procédure collective et s’achève avec la disparition des difficultés de l’entreprise ou la sortie de l’entreprise du marché. Quatre chapitres tentent de répondre à cet objectif. Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence l’impact significatif de l’appartenance à un groupe et celui des caractéristiques des groupes sur les deux premières étapes du processus de défaillance ; à savoir l’entrée en procédure collective et la tentative de redressement relativement à une liquidation immédiate. Ces résultats suggèrent que les groupes d’entreprises seraient impliqués dans la survie de leurs filiales aussi longtemps que ces dernières sont encore viables. En ce sens qu’une entreprise défaillante appartenant à un groupe ne possède pas d’avantage par rapport à une entreprise indépendante, en termes de potentiel de survie après l’entrée en procédure collective. / This thesis is a contribution to both the literature on corporate bankruptcy and the literature on the internal capital markets and business groups. Using data relative to a sample of bankrupt firms over the period from 2006 to 2012, it proposes to rethink bankruptcy in light of two facts. The first one relates to the specificity of the French legal bankruptcy system which, despite its clear pro-debtor orientation, fails to save a high proportion of bankrupt firms annually. The second concerns the growing number of firms affiliated to business groups within the French productive system and the conciliation between group affiliation and the limited liability principle within business groups’ members. Through a multidisciplinary approach combining law and economics, this thesis proposes to analyze bankruptcy as a process which starts with the opening of a bankruptcy procedure and ends with the end of firm difficulties or the end of bankruptcy procedure when firm recovery becomes clearly impossible. Four chapters serve this objective.The main insights gained from the results emerging from all four chapters are consistent with a strong influence of group affiliation and group characteristics, limited to the first two steps of the bankruptcy process; namely the risk of filing for bankruptcy and the chance to benefit from a reorganization attempt relatively to liquidation. This suggests that business groups are involved in the financial support of their affiliates as long as the latter are financially sound and economically viable. Once an affiliated firm is subject to a bankruptcy procedure, its affiliation to a business groups is no longer an advantage over stand-alone firms.

Cette thèse cible l'étude de la structure thermique de la croûte supérieure (<10km) dans les arcs magmatiques continentaux, et son influence sur l'enregistrement thermochronologique de leur exhumation et de leur évolution topographique. Nous portons notre regard sur deux chaînes de montagne appartenant aux Cordillères Américaines : Les Cascades Nord (USA) et la zone de faille Motagua (Guatemala). L'approche utilisée est axée sur l'utilisation de la thermochronologie (U-Th-Sm)/He sur apatite et zircon, couplée avec la modélisation numérique de la structure thermique de la croûte. Nous mettons en évidence la variabilité à la fois spatiale et temporelle du gradient géothermique, et attirons l'attention du lecteur sur l'importance de prendre en compte la multitude des processus géologiques perturbant la structure thermique dans les chaînes de type cordillère, c'est à dire formées lors de la subduction océanique sous un continent. / This thesis focuses on the influence of the dynamic thermal structure of the upper crust (<10km) on the thermochronologic record of the exhumational and topographic history of magmatic continental arcs. Two mountain belts from the American Cordillera are studied: the North Cascades (USA) and the Motagua fault zone (Guatemala). I use a combined approach coupling apatite and zircon (U-Th-Sm)/He thermochronology and thermo-kinematic numerical modelling. This study highlights the temporal and spatial variability of the geothermal gradient and the importance to take into account the different geological processes that perturb the thermal structure of Cordilleran-type mountain belts (i.e. mountain belts related to oceanic subduction underneath a continent).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-03-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:18:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 clemente_ec_me_prud.pdf: 1686888 bytes, checksum: fdb32039abdd1f9e6d21316326466485 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A pesquisa tem como objetivo principal caracterizar e analisar a cadeia produtiva do leite na região de Jales-SP, destacando a profunda reestruturação produtiva - nos âmbito tecnológico, logístico e social - pela qual vem passando o setor láteo nacional a partir dos anos 1990, em decorrência da abertura comercial externa, da desregulamentação do setor e da estabilização monetária. Além disso, as mudanças tecnológico-logístico-sanitárias que vêm sendo adotadas pelos laticínios, se dão num contexto em que cada vez mais cresce a importância da tecnologia, da ciência e da informação nos processos produtivos. A pecuária leiteira vem se constituindo numa atividade relevante para a reprodução social dos pequenos e médios proprietários rurais, na medida em que proporciona maior liquidez que os demais produtos. Diante do exposto, deve ser levada em consideração a singularidade do espaço agrário regional, que apresenta: estrutura fundiária desconcentrada, policultura (com destaque para a viticultura de mesa) e o predomínio do trabalho familiar. Neste sentido, a pecuária leiteira adquire significativa relevância para os proprietários rurais da região, mesmo com a viticultura sendo o carro-chefe da agropecuária. No entanto, pelo profundo e rápido processo de reestruturação pelo qual vem passando a cadeia produtiva do leite no país, muitos produtores de leite da Região de Jales-SP vêm sendo marginalizados do setor por não atenderem às novas exigência sanitárias... / This research has the main aim to characterize and analyze the milk productive chain in the region of Jales, São Paulo state, highlighting the deep productive reorganization - in the technological, logistical and social ambits - by which the national dairy sector has been coming through since the 90s, due to the external commercial opening, deregulation of the sector and monetary stability. Besides that, the technologicallogistical- sanitary changes which have been adopted by dairies, happen in a context that is increasing more and more the importance of technology, science and information in the productive processes. The dairy cattle is becoming an outstanding activity for the social reproduction of the small and medium rural owners, as it provides a month liquidity that no other agricultural product offers. In front of this, it must be taken into consideration the uniqueness of the regional agrarian space, which presents: land structure not concentrated, mixed farming (highlighting the viticulture) and the predominance of family work. In this way, the milk cattle acquires significant relevance for the rural owners from this region, even with the viticulture being the most important activity of the farming. However, by the deep and fast restructure process by which the milk productive chain in the country has been going through, many milk producers from the region of Jales-SP... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)