Cette thèse propose de définir une génération d’artistes dont la spécificité consiste à collecter, associer et rediffuser des images existantes, sans en transformer le contenu iconique. Pour tenter de cerner les caractéristiques de cette pratique, des entretiens ont été menés avec des artistes français contemporains : Eric Baudelaire, Ludovic Burel, Hervé Coqueret, documentation céline duval, Pierre Leguillon, Mathieu Pernot, Régis Perray et Eric Watier. L’analyse des dispositifs plastiques qu’ils mettent en œuvre fait apparaître deux aspects susceptibles d’identifier la spécificité de leur travail : leur manière d’associer les images entre elles suscite de nouvelles interprétations entraînant leur relecture ; et leur pratique s’inscrit dans une phase transitoire entre l’ère de la reproductibilité technique des images et celle des technologies du numérique. A travers une recherche scientifique pluridisciplinaire, il sera donc question d’étudier leurs processus de création depuis le choix des images jusqu’à la diffusion de leurs projets (I), d’analyser la polysémie des images et les possibilités d’en relire les signes (II) et enfin de comprendre comment s’agence leur position artistique entre deux époques techniquement marquées concernant les images (III). Afin de les démarquer des autres générations réemployant des images, la thèse propose une nouvelle dénomination : les Relecteurs d’images. / This thesis proposes to define a generation of artists who are collecting, associating and redistributing pictures without changing or transforming the iconic contents. In order to elaborate their characteristics, several french contemporary artists were interviewed: Eric Baudelaire, Ludovic Burel, Hervé Coqueret, documentation céline duval, Pierre Leguillon, Mathieu Pernot, Régis Perray and Eric Watier. The analysis of the devices implemented by the artists shows two aspects that could identify the specificity of their work: their way of associating the pictures with each other offers new possibilities of interpretation and leads to a second reading of the pictures; and their practice is taking place during the transition between the eras of image reproduction techniques and numerical techniques. Within the scope of a multi-field scientific research, it will be necessary to study the creation processes from the choice of the representation till the distribution of the projects (I), to analyse the polysemy of the images and the possibility of rereading their signs (II), and, finally, to understand how the artistic position is located between two, with respect to pictures, technically distinguished epoches (III). To differentiate this generation of artists from others reusing images, the thesis suggests a new name: the “Rereaders of pictures”.

ObjectifsL’objectif principal a été de déterminer la quantité d’activité physique chez des enfants de 8- 16 ans,scolarisés dans la ville de Bogota (Colombie) vivant à l’altitude de 2640 mètres. Cette activité, mesurée pendant les périodes scolaires et de vacances et agrégée sur une année, a été exprimée en dépensed’énergie rapportée à la journée (DEJmA, kJ.kg-1.jour-1). Cette activité DEJmA a été secondairementanalysée en fonction de l’âge, du genre, du niveau Socioéconomique (NSE), des donnéesanthropométriques individuelles incluant l’âge biologique (Tanner), la composition corporelle, lesomatotype et la condition physique (EUROFIT).MéthodesCette étude d’épidémiologie descriptive et analytique a comporté cinq phases successives : 1)Elaboration d’un questionnaire QAPACE et formation des chercheurs; 2) Test de compréhension duquestionnaire QAPACE; 3) Etude de faisabilité et reproductibilité de QAPACE; 4) Etude de validationsur un échantillon (36 sujets) des mesures de DEJ par rapport à la mesure de VO2max, selon deuxméthodes directe (cycle d’ergospirométrie) et indirecte (test de Léger); 5) Analyse générale d’unéchantillon représentatif de 1840 enfants selon un sondage en grappe randomisé à deux niveaux (écoles,classes). Le questionnaire étudiait 13 grandes catégories d’activités.Les analyses des données de reproductibilité et de validation ont reposé la méthode de Bland et Altmanet la mesure du CCI. La dépendance de la DEJ en fonction des données socio- économiques et desdonnées anthropométriques a été étudiée avec des méthodes de régression linéaire uni- et multivariée(SPSS 21).RésultatsLe questionnaire, adapté à la population d’enfants de langue hispaniauem a présenté une corrélationintra classe CCI=0.96 (CI 0.95-0.97). La validité avec la mesure de VO2max (direct et indirect) a été de0.76(0.66) (p<0.01). La DEJ moyenne sur les 1840 enfants étaient, chez les 904 garçons, 167.98±37.30kJ.kg-1.jour-1 (valeur absolue : 6.83 MJ/Jour, relative : 170.41±39.92) et, chez les 936 filles165.64±34.26 kJ/kg/jour (p<0.01) (6.59 MJ/jour, 165.64 ±34.26 kJ/kg/j). La DEJ pour la périodescolaire et de vacances fut 158.43±42.99 et 199.44±18.55 kJ/kg/jour (p<0.01) pour les garçons et lesfilles respectivement. La DEJ durant le temps libre fut de 59.86±44.16 chez les garçons et 53.81±37.11kJ/kg/jour (p<0.01) pour les filles.ConclusionsSur la base d’une bonne reproductibilité et validité du questionnaire QAPACE, la DEJ (kJ.kg-1.jour-1)rapporté au poids corporel total ou au poids maigre a donné des résultats inférieurs à ceux d’autresétudes, avec notamment 51% des garçons et 61% de filles inactifs, respectivement. Les garçons furentplus actifs que les filles dans le groupe post pubères (p<0.01). Le temps consacré à regarder la TV étaitde 4.2 heures/jour. Les sports les plus pratiqués étaient le football, le cyclisme, et la marche pour lesgarçons et la marche, le cyclisme et le patinage pour les filles. / ObjectivesThe first statement was to determine the amount of physical activity expressed in expenditure weightedaverage day of a year (DEEmY) energy during the school year and holidays (kJ.kg-1.day-1) in terms ofequivalence caloric and metabolic cost of activities most commonly performed by young people. Thesecond statement was that of defining the relationship between the DEEmY vs age, gender,socioeconomic level (SEL), height, body weight, body surface (BS), the Body Mass Index (BMI),biological age (Tanner), body composition, somatotype and fitness (EUROFIT).MethodsThis descriptive study developed five different phases: the first phase: it was the training of researchers,the second phase: understanding and final questionnaire editing QAPACE, in the third phase: feasibilityand reproducibility of QAPACE in the fourth stage: it was the validation study by direct VO2max (36subjects) by ergospirometry and indirect through the test Leger and the fifth phase cycle was developedin 1840 with the general study subjects. The questionnaire was developed by 13 categories. Forreproducibility and validation of the test-Retest method and comparison of arithmetic by the method ofBland-Altman, Pearson correlation was applied. The data is stored in Visual Fox Pro 6.0 and analyzedusing SPSS 21 statistical program IBM. Means were compared using multivariate linear model applyingtipe II.The values used as fixed variables: gender (male and female), age (8-16 years) and three SEL (six strata:1-2, 3-4 and 5-6); as dependent variables were evaluated: height, weight, leisure time, expressed inhours/day and daily energy expenditure DEE (Kj.kg-1.day-1) during leisure time (DEE-LT) during thetime school (DEE-ST) during the holidays (DEE-VT), and DEE total mean year (DEEmTY).For a post-Hoc analysis was used the minimum significant difference (MSD) with fixed factors,interaction factors descriptive statistics, tests of homogeneity with a significance level of 0.05.ResultsThe questionnaire was correct understanding of the reproducibility intra-Class correlation was r = 0.96(CI 0.95-0.97), the validity of the direct and indirect VO2 was 0.76 (0.66) (p <0.01) and for generalstudy quantifying the average of the DEE of 1840 subjects was 167.98 ± 37.30; for boys (n = 904),absolute value: 6.83 MJ/day, relative: 170.41 ± 39.92 and for girls (n = 936): 6.59 MJ/day (p <0.001)165.64 ± 34.26 (kJ.kg-1.day-1) (p <0.01). The DEE to the school holiday period and was 158.43 ± 42.99and 199.44 ± 18.55 (kJ.kg-1.day-1) (p <0.01) for boys and girls respectively. The DEE during free timewas of 59.86 ± 44.16 for males and 53.81 ± 37.11 (kJ.kg-1.day-1) (p <0.01) for girlsConclusionsOn the basis of good reproducibility and validity of the questionnaire QAPACE applied to students inthe larger study, the DEE (kJ/kg/day) with total body weight or lean weight was less compared to ofother studies giving results for 51% of boys and 61% of inactive girls. Boys were more active than girlsin the post pubertal group (p <0.01). As for the time spent watching TV, it was 4.2 hours/day, and themost popular sports was soccer, cycling, and walking for boys and walking, cycling and skating for

Orientadores: Jose Paulo Cabral de Vasconcellos, Vital Paulino Costa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T19:09:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Medina_FlavioMacCord_M.pdf: 2280525 bytes, checksum: d64f96bf19c317e1e22a704a8562d282 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar a reprodutibilidade do teste de sobrecarga hídrica (TSH) em diferentes horários em que é realizado, em pacientes com glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto (GPAA) e em indivíduos normais. Métodos: Quinze pacientes com GPAA e 30 indivíduos normais foram submetidos a três TSHs, realizados em diferentes horários do dia (às 7:00, 12:00 e 17:00), em três dias diferentes. Foram comparados os resultados dos testes em pacientes com GPAA e indivíduos normais. Foram analisadas a concordância e a correlação entre os valores de medida basal, pico e variação de pressão intra-ocular (PIO) (pico de PIO - PIO basal) nos testes realizados nos diferentes horários. Apenas as medidas do olho direito foram analisadas. Resultados: Os valores médios de medida basal, pico e variação de PIO foram significativamente maiores nos pacientes glaucomatosos que nos indivíduos normais, em todos os horários (p<0,05). A análise de Bland-Altman apresentou limites de concordância de pico e variação de PIO maiores do que o clinicamente aceitável (> 3 mmHg), apesar de o teste de Pearson demonstrar boa correlação entre os resultados. Conclusões: O TSH apresenta valores de pico e variação de Pio significativamente maiores em pacientes glaucomatosos que em indivíduos normais. Os baixos níveis de concordância entre os TSHs realizados em diferentes horários do dia sugerem uma baixa reprodutibilidade do TSH, que pode limitar sua aplicabilidade para diagnóstico e acompanhamento do glaucoma / Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the reproducibility of the water drinking test (WDT) performed at different times of the day, in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients and normal individuals. Methods: Fifteen patients with POAG and 30 normal individuals underwent three WDTs at different times of the day (7 AM, 12 PM, and 5 PM) on 3 different days. Test results in POAG patients and normal individuals were compared. Agreement and correlation of intraocular pressure (IOP) baseline levels, peak levels, and IOP change (peak IOP - baseline IOP) on tests performed at different times were evaluated. Only right eye measurements were analyzed. Results: Mean baseline IOP, peak IOP and IOP change were significantly higher in POAG patients than in normal individuals, at all time intervals (p<0.05). The Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated limits of agreement for IOP peak levels and IOP changes larger than the clinically acceptable (> 3 mmHg), even though Pearson's test revealed good correlation among the results. Conclusions: The mean IOP peak and mean IOP change observed during the WDT are significantly higher in POAG patients than in control individuals. Low levels of agreement among WDTs performed at different times of the day suggest a poor reproducibility of WDT, which may limit its applicability for the diagnosis and follow-up of glaucoma / Mestrado / Oftalmologia / Mestre em Ciências Médicas

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-10T11:02:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandoalbuquerquemiranda.pdf: 14355774 bytes, checksum: 4f55348fa913688858e0f7b3240b64be (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-15T12:43:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandoalbuquerquemiranda.pdf: 14355774 bytes, checksum: 4f55348fa913688858e0f7b3240b64be (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-15T12:43:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandoalbuquerquemiranda.pdf: 14355774 bytes, checksum: 4f55348fa913688858e0f7b3240b64be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-17 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A pesquisa tem por objetivo realizar uma análise dos relatos de guerra dos jornalistas Euclides da Cunha, Joel Silveira, José Hamilton Ribeiro e Sérgio Dávila. Parte-se dos livros que reúnem as experiências destes autores como correspondentes dos conflitos de Canudos, da Segunda Guerra Mundial, da Guerra do Vietnã e da Guerra do Iraque, respectivamente, para discutir as transformações ocasionadas nos relatos em uma perspectiva histórica. O suporte teórico básico concentra-se nas ideias de Walter Benjamin sobre as perdas da experiência e da aura da obra de arte na época de sua reprodutibilidade técnica com o crescente processo de industrialização das sociedades. Autores como o filósofo Paul Virilio, e suas abordagens acerca das apropriações dos meios de comunicação como verdadeiras máquinas de guerra, e Guy Debord, e suas interpretações sobre a precedência da imagem na denominada “sociedade do espetáculo” nas interações sociais, são interpretados nos estudos da produção textual dos citados jornalistas-autores. Como suporte à análise e interpretação do texto, recorre-se aos operadores de leitura da narrativa coligidos por Arnaldo Franco Junior. O jornalista, que tem nos meios de comunicação importantes instrumentos para o desempenho de sua função, não ficou imune às mudanças decretadas pela evolução tecnológica dos meios de reprodução técnica, tendo levado a influência do momento sociocultural em que atuou para sua escrita e consequente representação das guerras mencionadas. / This research entends to accomplish an analisys of war narratives of journalists Euclides da Cunha, Joel Silveira, José Hamilton Ribeiro and Sérgio Dávila. At first, it has brought by the books that gather and condensate these authors' experiences altogether as war reporteres on the conflicts Canudos, World War II, Vietnam War, Iraque, respectively, to discuss the transformations in the narratives from a historical perspective. The basic theoric support concentrates on Walter Benjamin's ideas on the loss of experience and art piece's loss of the aura on the age of its technical reproduction with the crescent industrialization process of societies. Authors such as Paul Virilio and his approaches on communication media as true war machines, and Guy Debord and his interpretations on the precedence of the image in the so called “spectacle society” in social interactions, are studied along with the fore told journalist-authors textual production. Functioning as support to the analisys and the interpretation the reading operators gathered by Arnaldo Franco Junior were carefuly utilized. The Journalist, who has it in the communication media important instruments to his function compliance, did not get immune to the changes decreted by tecnological evolution of tecnical reproduction, influencing his writing with the sociocultural moment along with he acted and its consecutive war representation mentioned above.

De nombreux articles dans les journaux scientifiques font état du manque de reproductibilité des études biomédicales. Cette « crise de la reproductibilité » ne doit pas être confondue avec les problèmes de fraudes ou de plagiats. Elle recouvre un phénomène plus général aux disciplines scientifiques : un grand nombre de résultats publiés ne sont pas reproduits.Ce manque de reproductibilité n’est pas choquant en soi : la connaissance scientifique est un processus cumulatif qui évolue de résultats prometteurs mais incertains pour arriver à un consensus après réplication des observations par les pairs. L’incertitude est donc inhérente à la recherche en train de se faire. Cependant, cette incertitude ne semble pas être prise en compte dans les interactions entre recherche et société, notamment au travers des médias.Cette thèse s’intéresse à la façon dont l’incertitude est présentée dans les médias en se basant sur l’étude de la couverture médiatique de résultats de la recherche biomédicale dont la validité est connue. Nous avons constitué une large base de données regroupant des résultats de la recherche biomédicale couvrant 3 domaines de la recherche, la psychiatrie, la neurologie et un échantillon de 4 maladies somatiques. Nous avons sélectionné des études décrivant l’association de facteurs de risques (génétiques, environnementaux, biochimiques) avec différentes pathologies. La validité des études initiales a été calculée en comparant leurs résultats à ceux des méta-analyses sur le même sujet. Dans 65% des cas, les résultats des études initiales ne sont pas confirmés par ceux des méta-analyses et ce même si elles sont publiées dans les journaux prestigieux. Nous avons également identifié, parmi les études de la base de données, celles qui avaient retenu l’attention de la presse anglo-saxonne. Celle-ci privilégie les études scientifiques initiales publiées dans des journaux scientifiques prestigieux et présentant des implications directes pour le lecteur. La validité de ces études n’est pas meilleure que celles des publications scientifiques : plus de la moitié n’ont pas été confirmées et la presse ne s’en fait quasiment jamais l’écho. D’autre part, l’analyse du contenu des articles de presse révèle que les journalistes et leurs rédacteurs en chef ne prennent que rarement en compte l’incertitude scientifique. En effet, la majorité des articles précise qu'il s'agit bien d'une découverte initiale, mais seulement 21% mentionnent que la découverte doit être confirmée par des études ultérieures. Ces mentions sont principalement le fait des scientifiques et tendent à disparaître dans les articles les plus récents. Enfin, au travers d’entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès de journalistes scientifiques, nous avons confirmé que ceux-ci utilisaient volontiers les résultats publiés dans les journaux scientifiques prestigieux qu’ils considèrent comme des sources fiables. L’enquête révèle que ces journalistes méconnaissent le fonctionnement de la recherche : les deux tiers ne savent pas que les résultats initiaux sont incertains ou bien confondent incertitude et fraude. Quant au tiers restant, il indique les difficultés à faire valoir cette incertitude auprès de leur hiérarchie respective.Plus généralement, cette thèse discute de l’influence grandissante de facteurs extérieurs à l’activité scientifique dans le processus de production de connaissances. En particulier, la prise en compte par les chercheurs et les institutions scientifiques de critères d’intérêt médiatique pourrait influencer les stratégies de recherche et la fiabilité des résultats scientifiques. D’autre part, la détérioration des conditions de travail des journalistes et leur méconnaissance du fonctionnement de la recherche soulèvent des interrogations importantes sur la pertinence des informations présentées dans la presse et sur la qualité du débat public des questions de santé. / Many academic publications are devoted to the « reproducibility crisis » in biomedical sciences. Their authors distinguish this lack of reproducibility from fraud or plagiarism. This “crisis” deals with a much larger phenomenon encompassing many scientific disciplines: a large amount of scientific results are disconfirmed by subsequent studies.This lack of reproducibility is to be expected: knowledge production is an incremental process where early, promising yet tentative findings are validated through replication. Indeed, scientific results are uncertain per se. The problem, however, is that this uncertainty does not seem to be taken into consideration when science “meets” the public, especially through the media.In this dissertation we studied how the media presented this uncertainty when dealing with biomedical findings. To do so we first created a large, original database of scientific studies investigating the association between risk factors (genetic, biochemical, environmental) and pathologies from three biomedical domains; psychiatry, neurology and a set of four somatic diseases. We evaluated the validity of each initial study by comparing their results to the result of meta-analyses on the same subject. The replication validity is low: 65% of initial studies are disconfirmed by corresponding meta-analysis even when they were published in high-ranking journals. We then identified which studies were selected by the press: initial studies published in prestigious journals and relevant to the readers were preferentially covered. Their validity was nonetheless poor with more than 50% being subsequently invalidated. The press rarely mentioned these frequent invalidations. Analysing the newspaper article contents, we found that journalists and their editors do not deal with scientific uncertainty. Indeed, the majority of newspaper articles referred to the study as being an initial study but only 21% indicated that the results needed to be replicated. Moreover those statements were made by scientists and have become scarce in most recent articles. A survey of 21 science journalists confirmed that journalists still consider high-ranking scientific journals to be reliable sources of information. However, these journalists were not familiar with the incremental process of knowledge production: two-thirds did not know that early findings were uncertain, or confused uncertainty with fraud. The other third knew about the uncertainty of initial results but found it hard to take it into account in their articles because of their respective hierarchy.More generally, the dissertation discusses the influence of extra-scientific factors upon the production of scientific knowledge. We conclude that the scientific assessment process based on the number of papers published in high impact factor journals, combined with the scientific institutions’ orientation towards the media, might undermine the reliability of scientific results, and this in academic publications as well as in the media. Indeed, journalists’ working conditions are deteriorating and most do not seem to properly grasp how scientific facts are produced. This might be damaging for public trust in biomedical research and public debate about health-related issues.

Cette thèse propose une approche générique pour automatiser des expériences sur des réseaux quelle que soit la technologie utilisée ou le type de plate-forme d'évaluation. L'approche proposée est basée sur l'abstraction du cycle de vie de l'expérience en étapes génériques à partir desquelles un modèle d'expérience et des primitives d'expérimentation sont dérivés. Une architecture générique d'expérimentation est proposée, composée d'un modèle d'expérience générique, d'une interface pour programmer des expériences et d'un algorithme d'orchestration qui peux être adapté aux simulateurs, émulateurs et bancs d'essai de réseaux. La faisabilité de cette approche est démontrée par la mise en œuvre d'un framework capable d'automatiser des expériences sur toute combinaison de ces plateformes. Trois aspects principaux du framework sont évalués : son extensibilité pour s'adapter à tout type de plate-forme, son efficacité pour orchestrer des expériences et sa flexibilité pour permettre des cas d'utilisation divers, y compris l'enseignement, la gestion des plate-formes et l'expérimentation avec des plates-formes multiples. Les résultats montrent que l'approche proposée peut être utilisée pour automatiser efficacement l'expérimentation sur les plates-formes d'évaluation hétérogènes et pour un éventail de scénarios variés. / This thesis proposes a generic approach to automate network experiments for scenarios involving any networking technology on any type of network evaluation platform. The proposed approach is based on abstracting the experiment life cycle of the evaluation platforms into generic steps from which a generic experiment model and experimentation primitives are derived. A generic experimentation architecture is proposed, composed of an experiment model, a programmable experiment interface and an orchestration algorithm that can be adapted to network simulators, emulators and testbeds alike. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated through the implementation of a framework capable of automating experiments using any combination of these platforms. Three main aspects of the framework are evaluated: its extensibility to support any type of platform, its efficiency to orchestrate experiments and its flexibility to support diverse use cases including education, platform management and experimentation with multiple platforms. The results show that the proposed approach can be used to efficiently automate experimentation on diverse platforms for a wide range of scenarios.

Orientadores: Sophie Françoise Mauricette Derchain, Luiz Claudio Santos Thuler / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T13:10:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ishikawa_NeliMuraki_D.pdf: 1821196 bytes, checksum: 275765cd47c5e7b5eb453f3a8a771525 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Objetivos: Validar a versão em português do questionário Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Fatigue (FACT-F) em pacientes com câncer e avaliar a fadiga e a qualidade de vida em mulheres com câncer de mama em quimioterapia. Sujeitos e métodos: Para este estudo de validação do questionário FACT-F foram incluídos 270 pacientes, sendo 85 para avaliar a reprodutibilidade do questionário com diferentes tipos de câncer. Para avaliar a fadiga e qualidade de vida em mulheres com câncer de mama em quimioterapia foi realizado um estudo longitudinal e incluídas 188 mulheres. O período de realização dos estudos foi de setembro de 2005 a março de 2007. Inicialmente foi avaliada a reprodutibilidade do FACT-F através do teste-reteste para a língua portuguesa em pacientes com câncer; em seguida a versão para língua portuguesa foi submetida à validação, a fim de estabelecer propriedades incluindo a validade e confiabilidade em uma amostra de pacientes brasileiros com câncer; finalmente foi avaliada a relação entre fadiga e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em pacientes com câncer de mama antes do início da quimioterapia, e após 3º e 6º ciclo de quimioterapia. Resultados: O FACT-F apresentou uma boa correlação intraclasse para os domínios que foram de 0,72 para bem-estar físico; 0,91 para bem-estar social e familiar; 0,90 para bem-estar emocional; 0,86 para bem-estar funcional; 0,88 para subescala fadiga e 0,91 para FACT-F. O coeficiente a de Cronbach foi de 0,78 para bemestar físico; 0,68 para bem-estar social e familiar; 0,75 para bem-estar emocional; 0,74 para bem-estar funcional; 0,91 para subescala fadigas e 0,92 para o FACTF. A correlação de Pearson foi excelente entre domínio vitalidade do SF-36 e FACTF total (r=0,76), e subscala fadiga (r=0,77); sendo boa entre o FACT-F e na maioria dos domínios do SF-36, variando de r =0,51 a 0,76, exceto para domínio físico (r =0,31). Houve uma diminuição significante dos escores do FACT-F (p<0,001), FACT-G (p=0,029), subescala fadiga (p<0,001) e bem-estar físico (p<0,001) entre antes da quimioterapia e após o terceiro ciclo de quimioterapia e permanecendo um platô até após o sexto ciclo (p<0,001) refletindo uma manutenção da fadiga e baixa qualidade de vida em mulheres com câncer de mama. O escore do bem-estar emocional teve um pequeno aumento após o terceiro ciclo (p<0,001), permanecendo após o sexto ciclo (p<0,001) enquanto os escores do bem-estar funcional e do bem-estar social e familiar não mostraram diferença entre antes e durante a quimioterapia. A fadiga está relacionada à baixa qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde. Conclusões: O instrumento FACT-F apresentou uma boa reprodutibilidade teste-reteste em uma série heterogênea de pacientes, com diferentes tipos de câncer, performance status e estadiamento. A versão portuguesa do FACT-F é um instrumento válido e confiável para avaliar a fadiga e qualidade de vida em pacientes com câncer. A fadiga aumentou e piorou a qualidade de vida em pacientes com câncer de mama submetidas à quimioterapia. / Abstract: Objectives: Validate the Portuguese version of the FACT-F questionnaire in cancer patients and fatigue and quality of life in breast cancer patients in chemotherapy. Subjects and methods: This study of FACT-F validation included 270 patients, 85 were to evaluate the questionnaire reproducibility in patients with different types of cancer. The study to evaluate fatigue and quality of life in breast cancer during chemotherapy was prospective and 188 women were included. The study was conducted from September 2005 to March 2007. It was initially assessed the reproducibility of the FACT-F through the test-retest for the Portuguese language in patients with cancer, following the Portuguese language version was submitted to validation in order to establish properties including the validity and reliability in a sample of Brazilian cancer patients, finally, it was assessed the relation between fatigue and quality of life related to health in patients with breast cancer before the start of chemotherapy, and after 3 and 6 cycle of chemotherapy. Results: FACT-F had a Intraclass Correlation Coefficient to the domains that were 0.72 for physical well-being, 0.91 for social/family well-being; 0.90 for emotional well-being, 0.86 for functional well-being, 0.88 fatigue subscale and 0.91 for total FACT-F. Cronbach a coefficient was 0.78 for physical well-being, 0.68 for social/family well-being, 0.75 for emotional well-being, 0.74 for functional wellbeing, 0.91 for fatigue, and 0.92 for total FACT-F. The Pearson correlation was excellent between SF-36 vitality scale and total FACT-F (r=0.76) and fatigue subscale (r=0.77); and good correlation in most dimensions ranging from r=0.51 to r=0.76, except to SF-36 physical (r=0.31). There were a significant decrease in mean FACT-F (p<0.001), FACT-G (p=0.029), Fatigue subscale (p<0.001), Physical well being (p<0,001) scores between the start of the treatment and after cycle 3 and than appeared to plateau at cycle 6 (p<0.001) reflecting maintenance in fatigue symptoms and lower quality of life in breast cancer patients. The Emotional well being scores increased a little between the start of chemotherapy and after cycle 3 (p<0.001) and remained a plateau at cycle 6 (p<0.001) while social/family well-being scores showed no differences before and during chemotherapy. Fatigue is related to lower health related quality of life. Conclusion: FACT-F questionnaire in Portuguese has good test-retest reproducibility in patients with different types of cancer, performance status and stages. The Portuguese version of FACT-F is a reliable and valid instrument to assess QOL and fatigue to screen cancer-related fatigue in Brazilian cancer patients. Fatigue increased and worsened in health related HRQOL in breast cancer submitted to chemotherapy. / Doutorado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Doutor em Tocoginecologia

No / The eye rotation approach for measuring peripheral eye length leads to concern about whether the rotation influences results, such as through pressure exerted by eyelids or extra-ocular muscles. This study investigated whether this approach is valid. Peripheral eye lengths were measured with a Lenstar LS 900 biometer for eye rotation and no-eye rotation conditions (head rotation for horizontal meridian and instrument rotation for vertical meridian). Measurements were made for 23 healthy young adults along the horizontal visual field (+/- 30 degrees ) and, for a subset of eight participants along the vertical visual field (+/- 25 degrees ). To investigate the influence of the duration of eye rotation, for six participants measurements were made at 0, 60, 120, 180 and 210 s after eye rotation to +/- 30 degrees along horizontal and vertical visual fields. Peripheral eye lengths were not significantly different for the conditions along the vertical meridian (F1,7 = 0.16, p = 0.71). The peripheral eye lengths for the conditions were significantly different along the horizontal meridian (F1,22 = 4.85, p = 0.04), although not at individual positions (p >/= 0.10) and were not important. There were no apparent differences between the emmetropic and myopic groups. There was no significant change in eye length at any position after maintaining position for 210 s. Eye rotation and no-eye rotation conditions were similar for measuring peripheral eye lengths along horizontal and vertical visual field meridians at +/- 30 degrees and +/- 25 degrees , respectively. Either condition can be used to estimate retinal shape from peripheral eye lengths.