Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-08-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:40:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 queissada_icst_me_rcla.pdf: 1166560 bytes, checksum: f93198f48138eecc408e54ce34cc7361 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A Mata Atlântica é reconhecida internacionalmente como uma das 25 hotspots do planeta e engloba áreas com elevado endemismo, grande diversidade de espécies e fortes pressões antrópicas. É a segunda floresta mais ameaçada e abriga muitas espécies com risco de extinção. Os anfíbios e répteis constituem a chamada herpetofauna, formando um grupo que se destaca em quase todos os habitats terrestres e também são abundantes e importantes em ambientes aquáticos. No Brasil esse grupo está representado por 841 espécies de anfíbios, e 701 espécies de répteis. A maior diversidade desse grupo de animais ocorre em florestas tropicais úmidas, porém o frequente processo de fragmentação que estas florestas vêm sofrendo pode causar efeitos como a redução e até a extinção de populações. O presente estudo foi realizado na Reserva Particular da Usina Porto Rico e seu entorno, município de Campo Alegre, estado de Alagoas. O trabalho teve como principal objetivo conhecer a composição de espécies da herpetofauna na Reserva e comparar área de borda e área de interior de mata em relação à composição de espécies. Para as análises estatísticas só foram utilizados dados obtidos com o uso das armadilhas de interceptação e queda. Durante o período de junho de 2006 a agosto de 2007 foram registradas 29 espécies de anuros, 17 espécies de lagartos e 19 espécies de serpentes, capturados pelos métodos de busca ativa e de armadilhas de interceptação e queda e através de encontros acidentais. A composição herpetofaunística foi bastante similar quando comparados interior e borda de mata (coeficiente de Jaccard = 0,75862). Uma espécie típica de áreas abertas, Physalaemus cuvieri, foi a mais abundante tanto no interior da mata quanto na borda. Uma espécie considerada rara, Macrogenioglottus alipioi, foi encontrada na área de estudo enfatizando a importância da conservação desse remanescente florestal. / Atlantic Forest is internationally recognized as one of the 25 hotspots on the planet which embodies high endemism and high diversity areas over strong anthropic influence. This forest composing the second mort threatened forest, and representing an unique shelter for many endangered species. Amphibians and reptiles constitute what we named herpetofauna. This group to detach about all terrestrials habitats also is important and abundant in aquatics environments. In Brazil, the herpetofauna represent 841 amphibians species, and, 701 reptiles species. Its diversity occurs mainly within rain forests, but in these forests the frequent fragmentation processes may result on severe effects such as population reduction as extinct species. This study was developed at Usina Porto Rico Particular Reserve, Campo Alegre municipal district, Alagoas State. This aim of this work was to know the herpetofauna species composition in Reserve and to compare edge and interior of the forest. Only used data obtained about pittfall traps to statistical analyzes. From June 2006 to August 2007, 29 amphibians species, 17 lizards species and 19 snakes species were registered about pitfall traps and active look search and about accidental encounter. The herpetofauna composition was similar between edge and interior of the forest (Jaccard coefficient = 0,75862). One specie, Physalaemus cuvieri, typical of the open areas, was the most abundant in the edge as much as interior of the forest. One rare specie Macrogenioglottus alipioi was found within the studied área, pointing out the importance of this Forest remnant conservation.

O tráfico e a introdução de espécies exóticas em ambientes naturais acabam contribuindo na alteração da organização e funcionalidade das comunidades residentes por predação, transmissão de agentes parasitários, hibridação e exclusão por competitividade territorial. A comercialização clandestina da espécie Trachemys scripta elegans oriunda dos Estados Unidos, como animal de estimação no Brasil, trouxe uma série de problemas para as espécies nativas. A esterilização é, certamente, o melhor método de controle populacional desses animais, pois, além de evitar o sacrifício em massa, impede a sua perpetuação genética. Dos métodos cirúrgicos, destaca-se a ovariossalpingectomia (OS) através do acesso convencional (transplastral) ou pela região pré-femoral. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a viabilidade da realização de ovariossalpingectomias videoassistidas pelo acesso pré-femoral em tigres-d'água-de-orelha-vermelha (Trachemys scripta elegans) como método de controle populacional da espécie. Para isso, foram utilizados 20 animais, adultos e com peso médio de 1,565 ± 0,397kg. Estes foram separados aleatoriamente em dois grupos de 10 indivíduos, sendo realizada a OS videoassistida pelo lado direito (grupo 1) ou esquerdo (grupo 2), sendo avaliados clinicamente até os 60 dias de pós-operatório. Foi possível a realização da operação proposta em todos os pacientes, independentemente do lado, sem necessidade de realizar acesso bilateral. No grupo 1 o tempo cirúrgico foi de 50,2 ± 14,6 minutos, enquanto que no grupo 2 foram 48,0 ± 11,8 minutos (P > 0,3249), não havendo diferença estatística entre eles. A exteriorização dos óvulos maiores acabou sendo a manobra cirúrgica mais complexa, com ruptura de alguns destes em 15% dos pacientes. Apesar das intercorrências, a técnica de ovariossalpingectomia videoassistida em tigred’água- de-orelha-vermelha (Trachemys scripta elegans) pelo acesso pré-femoral é segura, efetiva e possui baixa frequência de complicações, não havendo diferença entre o acesso pré-femoral direito e esquerdo. / The traffic and introduction of exotic species in a different environment are contributing factors associated with change in the social organization and functionality of the resident communities by predators, parasitic transmission, hybrid crosses and exclusion caused by territorial competition. An example of that was the illegal marketing of the Trachemys scripta elegans native species from the United States to Brazil. This illegal importation brought a number of problems to the native species. Currently, sterilization is considered the most effective method for population control. Using this procedure we have a better control of the animals selected to be bred in the next generation, therefore the number of animals euthanized is lowered. Of the surgical procedures, ovariosalpingectomy (OS) by transplastron or by pre-femoral region are the most used ones. The main objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of videoassisted ovariosalpingectomy using the prefemoral access in red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans). For that, twenty adult animals weighing 1.565 ± 0.397 kg were used in this study. Animals were randomly divided into two groups prior the surgical procedure. Group 1 the surgical procedure was conducted into the right side and group 2 on the left side. All the reptiles were submitted to a videoassisted OS technique using a pre-femoral access. Animals were clinically evaluated during sixty days from the surgical procedure. The procedure was a success in all the animals without the need of a bilateral access. In group 1 the average surgical time was 50.2 ± 14.6 min, while in group 2 was 48.0 ± 11.8 minutes (P > 0,3249). The most complex step during the surgery was the exteriorization of the eggs with rupture of oocytes in more than 15% or the patients. Despite of the few complications during surgical procedure we concluded that this technique effective and safe to be used in red-eared sliders. No significant differences were observed between the pre-femoral right or left access.

abstract: Foraging has complex effects on whole-organism homeostasis, and there is considerable evidence that foraging behavior is influenced by both environmental factors (e.g., food availability, predation risk) and the physiological condition of an organism. The optimization of foraging behavior to balance costs and benefits is termed state-dependent foraging (SDF) while behavior that seeks to protect assets of fitness is termed the asset protection principle (APP). A majority of studies examining SDF have focused on the role that energy balance has on the foraging of organisms with high metabolism and high energy demands ("high-energy systems" such as endotherms). In contrast, limited work has examined whether species with low energy use ("low-energy systems" such as vertebrate ectotherms) use an SDF strategy. Additionally, there is a paucity of evidence demonstrating how physiological and environmental factors other than energy balance influence foraging behavior (e.g. hydration state and free-standing water availability). Given these gaps in our understanding of SDF behavior and the APP, I examined the state-dependency and consequences of foraging in a low-energy system occupying a resource-limited environment - the Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum, Cope 1869). In contrast to what has been observed in a wide variety of taxa, I found that Gila monsters do not use a SDF strategy to manage their energy reserves and that Gila monsters do not defend their energetic assets. However, hydration state and free-standing water availability do affect foraging behavior of Gila monsters. Additionally, as Gila monsters become increasingly dehydrated, they reduce activity to defend hydration state. The SDF behavior of Gila monsters appears to be largely driven by the fact that Gila monsters must separately satisfy energy and water demands with food and free-standing water, respectively, in conjunction with the timescale within which Gila monsters balance their energy and water budgets (supra-annually versus annually, respectively). Given these findings, the impact of anticipated changes in temperature and rainfall patterns in the Sonoran Desert are most likely going to pose their greatest risks to Gila monsters through the direct and indirect effects on water balance. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Biology 2014

O tráfico e a introdução de espécies exóticas em ambientes naturais acabam contribuindo na alteração da organização e funcionalidade das comunidades residentes por predação, transmissão de agentes parasitários, hibridação e exclusão por competitividade territorial. A comercialização clandestina da espécie Trachemys scripta elegans oriunda dos Estados Unidos, como animal de estimação no Brasil, trouxe uma série de problemas para as espécies nativas. A esterilização é, certamente, o melhor método de controle populacional desses animais, pois, além de evitar o sacrifício em massa, impede a sua perpetuação genética. Dos métodos cirúrgicos, destaca-se a ovariossalpingectomia (OS) através do acesso convencional (transplastral) ou pela região pré-femoral. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a viabilidade da realização de ovariossalpingectomias videoassistidas pelo acesso pré-femoral em tigres-d'água-de-orelha-vermelha (Trachemys scripta elegans) como método de controle populacional da espécie. Para isso, foram utilizados 20 animais, adultos e com peso médio de 1,565 ± 0,397kg. Estes foram separados aleatoriamente em dois grupos de 10 indivíduos, sendo realizada a OS videoassistida pelo lado direito (grupo 1) ou esquerdo (grupo 2), sendo avaliados clinicamente até os 60 dias de pós-operatório. Foi possível a realização da operação proposta em todos os pacientes, independentemente do lado, sem necessidade de realizar acesso bilateral. No grupo 1 o tempo cirúrgico foi de 50,2 ± 14,6 minutos, enquanto que no grupo 2 foram 48,0 ± 11,8 minutos (P > 0,3249), não havendo diferença estatística entre eles. A exteriorização dos óvulos maiores acabou sendo a manobra cirúrgica mais complexa, com ruptura de alguns destes em 15% dos pacientes. Apesar das intercorrências, a técnica de ovariossalpingectomia videoassistida em tigred’água- de-orelha-vermelha (Trachemys scripta elegans) pelo acesso pré-femoral é segura, efetiva e possui baixa frequência de complicações, não havendo diferença entre o acesso pré-femoral direito e esquerdo. / The traffic and introduction of exotic species in a different environment are contributing factors associated with change in the social organization and functionality of the resident communities by predators, parasitic transmission, hybrid crosses and exclusion caused by territorial competition. An example of that was the illegal marketing of the Trachemys scripta elegans native species from the United States to Brazil. This illegal importation brought a number of problems to the native species. Currently, sterilization is considered the most effective method for population control. Using this procedure we have a better control of the animals selected to be bred in the next generation, therefore the number of animals euthanized is lowered. Of the surgical procedures, ovariosalpingectomy (OS) by transplastron or by pre-femoral region are the most used ones. The main objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of videoassisted ovariosalpingectomy using the prefemoral access in red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans). For that, twenty adult animals weighing 1.565 ± 0.397 kg were used in this study. Animals were randomly divided into two groups prior the surgical procedure. Group 1 the surgical procedure was conducted into the right side and group 2 on the left side. All the reptiles were submitted to a videoassisted OS technique using a pre-femoral access. Animals were clinically evaluated during sixty days from the surgical procedure. The procedure was a success in all the animals without the need of a bilateral access. In group 1 the average surgical time was 50.2 ± 14.6 min, while in group 2 was 48.0 ± 11.8 minutes (P > 0,3249). The most complex step during the surgery was the exteriorization of the eggs with rupture of oocytes in more than 15% or the patients. Despite of the few complications during surgical procedure we concluded that this technique effective and safe to be used in red-eared sliders. No significant differences were observed between the pre-femoral right or left access.

Na cascavel Crotalus durissus terrificus ocorre o armazenamento de longo prazo do esperma (LTSS), no trato genital da fêmea, durante o intervalo entre a cópula (outono) e a ovulação (primavera). Peptídeos e peptidases estão entre os principais componentes que influenciam a atividade espermática em mamíferos. O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar a presença de peptidases em C. d. terrificus, com esta função reconhecida em mamíferos e/ou que clivam peptídeos atuantes nesta função, bem como avaliar a hipótese do envolvimento destas peptidases na preservação dos espermatozóides desta serpente. O aspecto morfo-funcional dos espermatozóides foi comparado na presença dos peptídeos angiotensina II (AngII), arginina vasotocina (AVT), bradicinina (BK), peptídeo promotor da fecundação (FPP) e hormônio liberador de tireotrofina (TRH). Caracterizamos os efeitos de agentes quelante, tiol-redutor, cofator e inibidores, bem como dos peptídeos supracitados, sobre as atividades enzimáticas relacionadas, quais sejam: aminopeptidases ácida (APA), básica (APB), alanil sensível (APN-PS) e insensível à puromicina (APN-PI), cistil (CAP), dipeptidil-peptidase IV (DPPIV), piroglutamil tipo 1 (PAP-I) e prolil-imino- (PIP), bem como da prolil endopeptidase (POP), em frações solúvel (FS) e/ou de membrana solubilizada (FM) do sêmen proveniente do ducto deferente, assim como deste próprio tecido e dos tecidos uterino e vaginal de C. d. terrificus, ou seja, tecidos por onde passam ou armazenam-se os espermatozóides. Verificamos a variação sazonal destas mesmas atividades, nestes tecidos, incluindo o sêmen armazenado no útero durante o LTSS. O sêmen coletado do ducto deferente foi fracionado para avaliação da distribuição destas atividades peptidásicas. Nossos dados mostraram características de liquefação do sêmen e movimento dos espermatozóides da cascavel que os diferenciam do padrão humano. FPP com cálcio e BK melhoraram a preservação da viabilidade espermática, similarmente ao que ocorre em mamíferos. Em todos os tecidos e no sêmen as atividades APB, PIP e POP foram detectadas apenas da FS, enquanto as demais estão presentes em FS e FM, seguindo um padrão de distribuição observado na maioria dos tecidos de mamíferos. Amastatina e bestatina inibiram APB e APN, enquanto a diprotina A foi o inibidor mais eficiente para a DPPIV em FM. PAP-I e PIP foram inibidas, respectivamente, por bestatina e puromicina. Este perfil de inibição também é similar ao encontrado para as aminopeptidases em tecidos de mamíferos. Todas as atividades peptidásicas foram influenciadas por algum dos peptídeos estudados, sugerindo que tais peptídeos são substratos potenciais e/ou moduladores destas atividades na cascavel. As atividades APB e APN foram caracterizadas como metalopeptidases. APB, CAP e DPPIV foram inibidas por MnCl2. CAP e PAP-I foram caracterizadas como enzimas sulfidril-dependentes. As atividades APB, APN-PI e APN-PS predominaram, em relação às demais peptidases, em todas as estações e na maioria dos tecidos e no sêmen, sugerindo sua maior relevância na fisiologia reprodutiva da C. d. terrificus. Os níveis de todas as atividades peptidásicas estudadas variaram sazonalmente, sugerindo que sua ação moduladora sobre peptídeos susceptíveis está integrada ao ciclo reprodutivo desta serpente. O fracionamento do sêmen do ducto deferente revelou a presença de fluido seminal e espermatozóides, bem como de uma estrutura prostassoma-símile, até então somente identificada em mamíferos. Em todas estas frações há atividade peptidásica, predominando a APN-PI no prostassoma-símile e no fluido seminal, e APN-PS e APN-PI na FS e FM dos espermatozóides, caracterizando um envolvimento com a redução da motilidade espermática, tal qual ocorre em mamíferos. Concluimos que as atividades peptidásicas estudadas apresentam características sazonais e tecido-específicas que sugerem uma atuação relevante na preservação dos espermatozóides de C.d. terrificus. / In the rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus occurs the long-term sperm storage (LTSS), in the female tract, during the interval between mating (autumn) and ovulation (spring). Peptides and peptidases are among the main components that influence the spermatic activity in mammals. The present study aimed to characterize the presence of peptidases in C. d. terrificus, that are well-recognized to exert this function and/or that have the ability to hydrolyze peptides that exert this function in mammals, as well to evaluate whether these peptidases are related to the preservation of spermatozoids in this snake. The morphological and functional characteristics of spermatozoids were compared in the presence of angiotensin II (AngII), arginine-vasotocin (AVT), bradykinin (BK), fertilization promoting peptide (FPP) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). We have checked the effect of chelating and thiol-reducing agents, cofactor and inhibitors, as well the effect of aforementionated peptides on related enzyme activities such as acid (APA), basic (APB), puromycin-sensitive (APN-PS) and puromycin-insensitive alanyl (APN-PI), cystyl (CAP), pyroglutamyl type 1 (PAP-I) and prolyl-imino (PIP) aminopeptidases, and dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPPIV), as well as on prolyl endopeptidase (POP), in soluble (FS) and/or solubilized membrane-bound (FM) fractions of semen from vas deferens, of this own tissue, and vagina and uterus tissues of C. d. terrificus, i.e. tissues where spermatozoids pass through or where they are stored. The seasonal variation of these peptidase activities, in all tissues, including the semen stored in uterus during the LTSS, were evaluated. The semen from vas deferens was fractioned in order to know the distribution of these peptidase activities. The features of seminal liquefaction and movement of spermatozoids were different between the rattlesnake and human. Similar to mammals, FPP plus calcium and BK improved the preservation of the viability of spermatozoids from C. d. terrificus. In all tissues and semen, the APB, PIP and POP activities were detected only in FS, while others peptidases were present in FS and FM, following a similar pattern of distribution usually observed in mammalian tissues. Amastatin and bestatin inhibited APB and APN activities, while diprotin A was the most efficient inhibitor of DPPIV in FM. PAP-I and PIP activities were inhibited by bestatin and puromycin, respectively. This inhibition profile was similar to that of mammalian tissues. All peptidase activities were influenced at least by one of the peptides under study, suggesting these peptides as potential substrates and/or modulators for these peptidases of the rattlesnake. The APB and APN activities were characterized as metallopeptidases. APB, CAP and DPPIV were inhibited by MnCl2. CAP and PAP-I were characterized as sulfhydryl-dependent enzymes. The APB, APN-PI and APN-PS activities were predominant, in relation to the other examined peptidases, in all seasons and in most tissues and semen, suggesting their great relevance in the reproductive physiology of the C. d. terrificus. The levels of all studied peptidase activities were seasonally variable, suggesting that their modulator actions on susceptible peptides are integrated to the reproductive cycle of this snake. The fractionation of C. d. terrificus semen revealed the presence of seminal fluid and spermatozoids, as well a prostasome-like structure, until then identified only in mammals. In all of these fractions, there are peptidase activities, predominating the APN-PI in prostasome and seminal fluid, and the APN-PS and APN-PI in FS and FM of spermatozoids, suggesting their involvement in the reduction of the spermatic mobility, such as in mammals. In conclusion, the studied peptidase activities present seasonal and tissue-specific characteristics, which suggest a relevant role in the preservation of the spermatozoids of C. d. terrificus.

Orientador: Carlos Francisco Sampaio Bonafé / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T10:21:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Landini_GustavoFraga_D.pdf: 2852152 bytes, checksum: a366fb6b71cf198fd01af8b55114c8a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O resumo poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: The abstract is available with the full electronic document / Doutorado / Bioquimica / Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

Knowledge of the thermal ecology of a species can improve model predictions for temperature-induced population collapse, which in light of climate change is increasingly important for species with limited distributions. Here, we use a multi-faceted approach to quantify and integrate the thermal ecology, properties of the thermal habitat, and past and present distribution of the diurnal, xeric-adapted, and active-foraging Namibian lizard Pedioplanis husabensis (Sauria: Lacertidae) to model its local extinction risk under future climate change scenarios. We asked whether climatic conditions in various regions of its range are already so extreme that local extirpations of P. husabensis have already occurred, or whether this micro-endemic species is adapted to these extreme conditions and uses behavior to mitigate the environmental challenges. To address this, we collected thermoregulation and climate data at a micro-scale level and combined it with micro-and macroclimate data across the species' range to model extinction risk. We found that P. husabensis inhabits a thermally harsh environment, but also has high thermal preference. In cooler parts of its range, individuals are capable of leaving thermally favorable conditions-based on the species' thermal preference-unused during the day, probably to maintain low metabolic rates. Furthermore, during the summer, we observed that individuals regulate at body temperatures below the species' high thermal preference to avoid body temperatures approaching the critical thermal maximum. We find that populations of this species are currently persisting even at the hottest localities within the species' geographic distribution. We found no evidence of range shifts since the 1960s despite a documented increase in air temperatures. Nevertheless, P. husabensis only has a small safety margin between the upper limit of its thermal preference and the critical thermal maximum and might undergo range reductions in the near future under even the most moderate climate change scenarios.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Tortoises appear to be successful in arid ecosystems, where they depend on primary production for their predominantly herbivorous diets. The low primary production of arid regions is exacerbated by priodic droughts, so that iteroparous species such as chelonians require mechanisms to overcome resource shortages. The smallest of all tortoises, Homopus signatus signatus, occurs in a dry winter rainfall area in northwestern South Africa that is threatened with aridification due to regional climate change. The overall aim of this study is to understand the ecology of H. s. signatus, particularly in reference to the importance of rainfall.

Peccaries are known to play a significant role in shaping the diversity of habitats and structure of plants in rain forests. However, very little is known about their roles in regulating animal populations. I review the ways peccaries increase disturbance, create habitat diversity, provide resources, act as predators, and might otherwise directly and indirectly affect other animals. To determine effects of simulated peccary extirpation on the detrital food web, I examined the hypotheses that a reduction of peccary density on fenced exclusion plots would cause changes in the amount and quality of leaf litter as habitat for leaf litter reptiles and amphibians. I found that compared to open controls, exclusions had significantly deeper litter and more rapid cellulose decomposition. Exclusions were thus expected to provide more habitat and prey for litter amphibians and reptiles than control plots, but, paradoxically, encounters of reptiles and amphibians were greater on controls.

A popularização dos répteis no mercado pet e no meio científico amplia a necessidade por conhecimentos clínicos e fisiológicos mais adequados a classe o que, consequentemente, irá melhorar a qualidade dos atendimentos e do manejo desses animais. Destaca-se que, como cada espécie de réptil apresenta um comportamento metabólico e fisiológico distinto é necessário a realização de estudos com cada espécie em particular. Assim, buscou-se caracterizar os receptores opioides no sistema nervoso central (SNC) e os efeito sedativo e analgésico da morfina e do butorfanol em Iguana iguana. Na 1ª etapa três iguanas jovens (101 ± 6g) e saudáveis foram submetidas à eutanásia para colheita do SNC. Os tecidos de dois animais foram submetidos à técnica do RNAseq para formação de um transcriptoma de novo, para então obter-se as sequências de nucleotídeos dos receptores opioides. Já o tecido de um animal foi submetido à técnica de imuno-histoquímica (IH). Na 2ª etapa, 10 iguanas jovens (160 ± 46g) receberam cinco tratamentos, por via intramuscular e com intervalo de duas semanas entre eles: solução salina (0,3mL, CON), morfina 5 mg/kg (MOR5) e 10 mg/kg (MOR10), butorfanol 5 mg/kg (BUT5) e 10 mg/kg (BUT10). A sedação foi avaliada por meio da escala comportamental específica para iguanas e pelo teste de natação forçada, sendo este por 120 segundos. A latência do reflexo de retirada do membro (LRRM) frente ao estímulo térmico foi utilizada para avaliação antinociceptiva promovida pelos opioides. Todos os testes foram avaliados antes do tratamento (0) e com 30 minutos, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 e 24 horas pós-tratamento. Utilizou-se ANOVA e Dunnett para a comparação com o momento basal (0 minuto) e ANOVA de dois fatores e Tukey entre os grupos. As sequências gênicas compatíveis com os receptores μ (mu), κ (kappa) e δ (delta) foram identificadas, porém o teste de IH não revelou resultados confiáveis para as marcações dos receptores no SNC. Na escala comportamental apesar dos escores de sedação terem sido baixos, foi observado aumento significativo na pontuação entre 30 minutos e 2 horas em MOR5 e entre 30 minutos e 3 horas em MOR10, BUT5 e BUT10. O tempo de natação foi reduzido em MOR10 e BUT5 entre 30 minutos e 2 horas e em BUT10 a redução ocorreu entre 30 minutos e 12 horas. Todos os tratamentos proporcionaram sedação pelos dois testes com 12 horas de avaliação. Por outro lado no teste de termoalgimetria só foi observado aumento no tempo de LRRM em MOR10, entre 2 horas e 4 horas de avaliação. Conclui-se que os receptores opioides estão presentes no SNC, porém apenas κ e δ foram evidenciados na IH. Ademais, as duas doses de butorfanol e a maior dose de morfina promovem sedação, sendo que apenas 10 mg/kg de morfina promoveu antinocicepção em iguanas no presente estudo. / The increasing popularity of reptiles in the pet market and in the scientific studies requires appropriate clinical and physiological knowledge, which will consequently improve the quality of care and management of this classe. It is necessary to have studies with each species in particular because of every specie of reptile has different metabolic and physiological behavior. Therefore, it was aimed localization of opioid receptor in the central nervous system (CNS) and evaluated the sedative and analgesic effect of morphine and butorphanol in Iguana iguana. At the first stage three young (101 ± 6g) and healthy green iguanas were submitted to euthanasia for harvesting the CNS, then the tissues of two animals were submitted to the RNAseq technique for the formation of de Novo transcriptome, so we could get the nucleotide sequences of the opioid receptors obtained. The immunohistochemistry (IH) technique was use to locate the distribution of these receptors in the CNS. In the second stage, 10 young green iguanas (160 ± 46 g) received five treatments, intramuscularly and with an interval of two weeks between them: saline solution (0.3 mL, CON), morphine 5 mg/kg (MOR5) and 10 mg/kg (MOR10), butorphanol 5 mg/kg (BUT5) and 10 mg/kg (BUT10). The sedation was estimate by behavioral scale for iguanas and forced swing test, during 120 seconds. The latency of hind limb withdrawal reflex (LWR) in front of the thermal stimulus was use for antinociceptive evaluation promoted by opioids. All the tests were evaluate before treatment (0) and at 30 minutes, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours post-treatment. ANOVA and Dunnett were used for comparison with the baseline (0 minute) and two-way ANOVA and Tukey between the groups. We identified sequences compatible with μ (mu), κ (kappa) and δ (delta), but only κ and δ were marked in the IH of the CNS. In the behavior scale despite of low scores of sedation, it was observe a significant increase in the score between 30 minutes and 2 hour MOR5 and between 30 minutes and 3 hours in MOR10, BUT5 and BUT10. The time of swimming test was reduced in MOR10 and BUT5 between 30 minutes and 2 hours and in BUT10 the reduction occurred between 30 minutes and 12 hours. All treatment provided sedation for both tests in 12 hours of evaluation. Otherwise, the thermoalgymetry test showed increased time in LWR in MOR10 between 2 hours and 4 hours of evaluation. It concluded that the opioid receptors are present in the CNS. In addition, the two doses of butorphanol and the highest dose of morphine further sedation and only 10 mg/kg of morphine promoted antinociception in iguanas in this study.