Submitted by Fernanda Ciolfi (fernanda.ciolfi@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2016-08-11T14:09:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 OSVALDO PISSOLATO JR.pdf: 2291678 bytes, checksum: e7217ede7cd8cccdee8affcb06011624 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-11T14:09:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OSVALDO PISSOLATO JR.pdf: 2291678 bytes, checksum: e7217ede7cd8cccdee8affcb06011624 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-06 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de S?o Paulo - FAPESP / The large disposal of construction waste, due to the renovations and demolitions as well as the waste generated by the low quality of labor, makes the construction industry one of the major polluters of the environment. In recent decades, comes to forcing organized gathering of rubble and its recycling through the enforcement of environmental laws, so that the construction industry there have disciplining towards self-manage their disposal. Studies have been intensifying to rethink the reuse of construction waste, through the recycling process, to develop standards for production, evaluation and use of recycled aggregates in order to increase their consumption, making it economically feasible to produce. This research assumes that the fine aggregate derived from the crushing of construction and demolition waste can replace the natural fine aggregate in the production of mortars for coatings. However, the issue that was faced was to what extent it would be possible to replace these materials so that the result in practice was technically and economically feasible, thereby increasing the chance of use of these recycled aggregates. In order to analyze the influence of fine aggregates derived from civil construction waste (CCW), replacing fine aggregate in the production of hydraulic and mixed mortars for wall coverings and ceilings, we used the experimental methodology to verify the influence of fines content of recycled aggregate in the mortar properties in fresh and hardened state. The prepared mortars were also classified according to NBR 13281: 2005 and evaluated for adhesion, cracking and permeability after application on masonry of concrete blocks. Therefore, we chose to study the replacement of natural aggregate by the CCW in rates of 30%, 60% and 100%, in proportions of admixture and mixed hydraulic mortar, whose purpose would be to apply as monolayer coating mortar. As analysis and discussion of the results could be seen that, in tests, both plastic and hardened state, the mortar produced with recycled aggregate, the three mixing ratios in the study had a satisfactory performance in relation to admixture reference. However, the results were not satisfactory in applicability tests, since its performance was below the minimum rate set by the standard. The results, however, suggest referral to further studies in order to continue rethinking the paradigm of industrial production so that it is founded on a model of sustainable development in favor of environmental preservation. / O grande descarte de rejeitos da constru??o civil, em fun??o das reformas e demoli??es como tamb?m do desperd?cio gerado pela baixa qualidade da m?o de obra, faz da ind?stria da constru??o civil uma das grandes poluidoras do meio ambiente. Nas ?ltimas d?cadas, vem-se obrigando o recolhimento organizado dos entulhos e sua reciclagem por meio da imposi??o das leis ambientais, de modo que a constru??o civil, paulatinamente, tem-se disciplinando no sentido de autogerir os seus descartes. Estudos v?m se intensificando com o objetivo de se repensar o reaproveitamento dos res?duos da constru??o civil, por meio do processo de reciclagem, no sentido de desenvolver normas para produ??o, avalia??o e utiliza??o dos agregados reciclados, de modo a aumentar seu consumo, tornando economicamente vi?vel a sua produ??o. Esta pesquisa parte do pressuposto de que o agregado mi?do proveniente da britagem de res?duo de constru??o e demoli??o pode substituir o agregado mi?do de origem natural na produ??o de argamassas para revestimentos. Todavia, a quest?o com a qual se deparava era at? que ponto seria poss?vel fazer a substitui??o destes materiais de modo que o resultado na pr?tica fosse vi?vel t?cnica e economicamente, aumentando assim, a chance de emprego desses agregados reciclados. Com o objetivo de analisar as influ?ncias dos agregados mi?dos oriundos dos res?duos de constru??o civil (RCC), em substitui??o ao agregado mi?do natural na produ??o de argamassas hidr?ulica e mista para revestimentos de paredes e tetos, empregou-se a metodologia experimental para verificar a influencia do teor de finos do agregado reciclado nas propriedades das argamassas no estado fresco e endurecido. As argamassas preparadas tamb?m foram classificadas conforme a NBR 13281:2005 e avaliadas quanto a ader?ncia, fissura??o e permeabilidade ap?s aplica??o em alvenaria de bloco. Para tanto, optou-se por estudar a substitui??o do agregado natural pelo de RCC nas propor??es de 30%, 60% e 100%, em propor??es de mistura de argamassa mista e hidr?ulica, cuja finalidade seria a aplica??o como embo?o paulista. Conforme an?lise e discuss?o dos resultados p?de-se constatar que, nos ensaios, tanto no estado pl?stico quanto no estado endurecido, as argamassas produzidas com reciclado, nos tr?s tra?os em estudo, tiveram um desempenho satisfat?rio, em rela??o ao tra?o refer?ncia. Entretanto, os resultados n?o foram satisfat?rios nos ensaios de aplicabilidade, visto que sua performance ficou abaixo do ?ndice m?nimo estabelecido pela norma. Os resultados, todavia, sugerem encaminhamento para novos estudos no sentido de continuar repensando o paradigma da produ??o industrial para que este seja alicer?ado num modelo de desenvolvimento sustent?vel favor?vel ? preserva??o ambiental.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-08-17T19:18:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Luiz Fernando de Sousa Antunes.pdf: 3490233 bytes, checksum: 92443afbff5584305c9a4e8b2710566c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T19:18:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Luiz Fernando de Sousa Antunes.pdf: 3490233 bytes, checksum: 92443afbff5584305c9a4e8b2710566c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-15 / CNPq / The millicompost is a 100% substrate consisting of organic compound generated by the activity of diplopods of the species Trigoniulus corallinus, popularly known as millipedes, that are big consumers of litter and guarantee the cycling of nutrients to the soil. The generation of lignocellulosic residues is increasing and there is not always the correct destination of these residues. The millicomposting is an environmentally friendly alternative that allows the production of organic compounds from different agricultural residues for later use as a substrate in the production of vegetables. In this sense, this work was divided in three stages, whose objectives were: to evaluate the consumption of agricultural and urban residues by the Trigoniulus corallinus (Chapter I); to evaluate the efficiency of the millicomposts produced from agricultural and urban residues, at different composting times by the activity of the Trigoniulus corallinus diplopods, as substrates for the production of Vera lettuce seedlings, in addition to evaluating the pH, electrical conductivity and total macronutrient contents of the gongocomposts after storage for three months (Chapter II) and to evaluate the agronomic performance of lettuce in an organic production system, according to the quality of the seedlings of cultivar Vera lettuce grown by different millicomposts (Chapter III) In Chapter I, the results confirm that T. corallinus diplopods are able to ingest nutrient poor residues, but clearly exhibit their food preferences for residues containing higher nutrient contents. In Chapter II, of the three millicomposts evaluated, only the substrates T2-millicompost 125 days and T3- millicompost 180 days were efficient in lettuce production, however, the T3 substrate was responsible for the production of plants with greater accumulation of biomass, height and stability of the clod, being similar to the substrate T4-SIPA, considered as control. The storage for a period of three months allowed changes in pH, electrical conductivity and macronutrient contents, and only the electrical conductivity values were higher than allowed by Brazilian legislation. In the evaluation of the lettuce seedlings, the substrate T4-SIPA followed by the substrate T2-millicompost 125 days, were those that provided seedlings with greater development. In Chapter III, the T1-90 days treatment was lower in all evaluated parameters, when compared to the other treatments, but its estimated productivity meets the expectations for the state of Rio de Janeiro. Although there were no statistical differences, the estimated productivity was 10.38 and 11.82% lower for the treatment T2-125 days in relation to treatments T3-180 days and T4-SIPA, respectively, proving that the quality of the seedlings transplanted on the field is able to directly influence productivity in the lettuce crop. / O gongocomposto ? um substrato 100% constitu?do por composto org?nico gerado pela atividade de dipl?podes da esp?cie Trigoniulus corallinus, popularmente conhecidos como gongolos, que s?o grandes consumidores de serrapilheira e garantem a ciclagem de nutrientes para o solo. A gera??o de res?duos lignocelul?sicos ? crescente e nem sempre h? a destina??o correta destes res?duos. A gongocompostagem ? uma alternativa amiga do meio ambiente, que viabiliza a produ??o de compostos org?nicos a partir de diferentes res?duos agr?colas para posterior uso como substrato na produ??o de hortali?as. Nesse sentido, este trabalho se dividiu em tr?s etapas, cujos objetivos foram: avaliar o consumo de res?duos agr?colas e urbanos pelo dipl?pode Trigoniulus corallinus (Cap?tulo I); avaliar a efici?ncia dos gongocompostos produzidos a partir de res?duos agr?colas e urbanos, em diferentes tempos de compostagem pela atividade dos dipl?podes Trigoniulus corallinus, como substratos para a produ??o de mudas de alface cultivar Vera, al?m de avaliar os valores de pH, de condutividade el?trica e dos teores de macronutrientes totais dos gongocompostos ap?s o armazenamento pelo per?odo de tr?s meses (Cap?tulo II) e avaliar o desempenho agron?mico da alface em sistema de produ??o org?nica, de acordo com a qualidade das mudas de alface crespa cultivar Vera produzidas por diferentes gongocompostos (Cap?tulo III) No Cap?tulo I, os resultados confirmam que os dipl?podes T. corallinus s?o capazes de ingerir res?duos pobres em nutrientes, por?m exibem nitidamente as suas prefer?ncias alimentares por res?duos que contenham maiores teores nutricionais. No Cap?tulo II, dos tr?s gongocompostos avaliados, apenas os substratos T2-gongocomposto 125 dias e T3-gongocomposto 180 dias se mostraram eficientes na produ??o de alface, contudo, o substrato T3 foi respons?vel pela produ??o de plantas com maior ac?mulo de biomassa, altura e estabilidade de torr?o, sendo semelhantes ao substrato T4-SIPA, tido como controle. O armazenamento pelo per?odo de tr?s meses proporcionou altera??es nos valores de pH, condutividade el?trica e teores de macronutrientes, sendo que apenas os valores de condutividade el?trica ficaram acima do permitido pela legisla??o brasileira. Na avalia??o das mudas de alface, o substrato T4-SIPA seguido pelo substrato T2-gongocomposto 125 dias, foram os que proporcionaram mudas com maior desenvolvimento. No Cap?tulo III, o tratamento T1-90 dias foi inferior em todos os par?metros avaliados, quando comparado aos demais tratamentos, por?m sua produtividade estimada atende ? esperada para o estado do Rio de Janeiro. Embora n?o tenha havido diferen?as estat?sticas, a produtividade estimada foi 10,38 e 11,82% menor para o tratamento T2-125 dias em rela??o aos tratamentos T3-180 dias e T4-SIPA, respectivamente, comprovando que a qualidade da muda transplantada no campo ? capaz de influenciar diretamente na produtividade na cultura da alface.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2018-08-21T14:49:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Otavio Raymundo L?.pdf: 585290 bytes, checksum: ee9c2ebbd0832facdf245e177fef5fa4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T14:49:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Otavio Raymundo L?.pdf: 585290 bytes, checksum: ee9c2ebbd0832facdf245e177fef5fa4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / Agricultural use of sewage sludge has become, increasingly, a practice adopted by sanitation companies to solve partly the problem of final disposal of waste. As the sludge to be used generally need to be dry and that the drying process can alter the distribution of metals, the general aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of drying temperature and storage time on chemical parameters and the metal availability and distribution. The specific objectives were: (i) to study how the drying temperature (air, 40?C and 65?C) sludge, associated with the storage time (zero-fresh, and one year), influenced the availability of metals and the possible chemical changes induced in the sludge, (ii) to evaluate how the high content of iron present and the microbial activity affect the availability of metals in the sludge studied, as a function of temperature of drying, and (iii) to characterize the soluble organic fraction leached by infrared absorption spectrometry in samples of dried sludge at different temperatures and stored for one year. Fresh and stored for one year sludge were dried with forced air circulation, grounded and chemical analyzed. The BCR sequential extraction was applied to assess the availability and distribution of metals. The drying of sewage sludge in the air encouraged increasing availability of metals, however, where temperature increased it diminished due to binding of metals with more stable compounds. The reduction of total organic carbon due to volatilization and biodegradation was favored by increased temperature. The decrease in the levels of iron and zinc, with increasing time and temperature drying to constant weight and pH close to neutral, favored readsorption and/or precipitation of metals to less labile forms. The wet sewage sludge, stored in refrigerated conditions (4?C), was subjected to different times and drying temperatures in the greenhouse and, after being re-moistened been and incubated (28 ? 1?C) for zero, one and three days. The methods of fumigation extraction and Mehlich3 were used to assess the microbial activity and availability of metals, respectively. Increased levels of soluble organic carbon and iron were directly related to the increase of incubation time and temperature drying. For leaching, the dried sludge?s were packed in PVC columns of 50 mm and related to the mass of wet sludge, on a dry basis. The increase in drying temperature of the sludge increased the organic carbon dissolved in the leachate extract, without, however, a corresponding increase in metal content in this extract. / A utiliza??o agr?cola de lodos de esgoto tem se tornado, cada vez mais, uma pr?tica adotada pelas companhias de saneamento, para resolver, em parte, o problema da disposi??o final do res?duo. Como o lodo para ser utilizado geralmente necessita estar seco, e que o processo de secagem pode alterar a distribui??o de metais, o objetivo geral deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da temperatura de secagem e do tempo de estocagem em par?metros qu?micos e na disponibilidade e distribui??o de metais. Os objetivos espec?ficos foram: (i) estudar em como a temperatura de secagem (ao ar, 40?C e 65?C) do lodo, associada ao tempo de estocagem (zero ? fresco, e um ano), influencia na disponibilidade de metais e quais as poss?veis altera??es qu?micas provocadas no lodo; (ii) avaliar em como os elevados teores de ferro presentes e a atividade microbiana afetam a disponibilidade de metais no lodo estudado em fun??o da varia??o da temperatura de secagem e (iii) caracterizar a fra??o org?nica sol?vel lixiviada por espectrometria de absor??o no infravermelho, nas amostras de lodo secas em diferentes temperaturas e estocadas por um ano. O lodo fresco e estocado por um ano, ap?s secagem em estufa com circula??o for?ada de ar, foi mo?do e submetido ?s an?lises qu?micas. Na avalia??o da disponibilidade e distribui??o de metais foi utilizado o m?todo de extra??o seq?encial do BCR. A secagem do lodo ao ar favoreceu o aumento da disponibilidade de metais, por?m, em temperaturas maiores esta diminuiu devido ? liga??o dos metais com compostos mais est?veis. A redu??o de carbono org?nico total devido ? volatiliza??o e biodegrada??o foi favorecida pelo aumento de temperatura. A diminui??o nos teores de ferro e zinco com o aumento do tempo e da temperatura de secagem a peso constante e o pH pr?ximo da neutralidade favorecem a readsor??o e/ou precipita??o de metais para formas menos l?beis. O lodo de esgoto ?mido, estocado em condi??es refrigeradas (4?C), foi submetido aos diferentes tempos e temperaturas de secagem na estufa e, ap?s ser re-umedecido e incubado (28 ? 1?C) por zero, um e tr?s dias. Para avalia??o da atividade microbiana e disponibilidade de metais foi utilizado o m?todo de fumiga??o extra??o e o extrator Mehlich 3, respectivamente. O aumento dos teores de carbono org?nico sol?vel e ferro foi diretamente relacionado ao aumento do tempo de incuba??o e temperatura de secagem. Para a lixivia??o, as amostras de lodos secas foram empacotadas em colunas de PVC de 50 mm e relacionados ? massa do lodo ?mido, em base seca. O aumento na temperatura de secagem do lodo causou o aumento no teor de carbono org?nico dissolvido no extrato lixiviado, n?o havendo, por?m, aumento correspondente no teor de metais nesse extrato.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:48:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOANE AURA CECHET COVATTI.pdf: 4920808 bytes, checksum: ac54a92aaee26731f8767275ebe2814d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-07-24 / This work had as objective characterizes the water of the basin hydrographic of the Cascavel River, in their quali-quantitative aspects. The river that is born in the urban area, includes an area of drainage of 50,11 Km2 and he/she has a length of 17,5 km. With maximum altitude of 767 m, minimum altitude of 18 m and a flow of 973,00 m3/h and flow of reception 345,00 m3/h. Her geographical location is among the parallel ones 24o32' and 25o17' of South latitude and the meridians 53o05' and 53o50' of longitude West. The focus of this study is the spring basin that has their East, in the area of the municipal lake, until the point of reception of water of the Company of Sanitation of Paraná - SANEPAR, before the point of affluence of the Quati River and of the Peroba River and deságüe in Andrade River. For the quantitative analysis, a vertical ruler was used in the water (linímetro) and regular observation of the level, in the section of exit of the study area. For the space qualitative analysis, a method of collections periodic samples of the turbidez parameters, color, pH, MO, Nitrate, DBO, DQO, total solids and match, in 4 points, along Cascavel River, in the period: of March of 2004 to May of 2006. For the temporary qualitative analysis a method of collections of daily samples was used, in the period of January of 2004 to May of 2006, of the turbidez parameters, color, pH, MO, alkalinity and iron, in the point of collection 4 - Reception of SANEPAR, with base in the suitable methodologies for the Standard Methods. The parameters used for analyses were them based in the use of the body hidric, aided by the legislation that establishes classification and monitoramento, of the bodies hidrics, Resolution Conama 357/2005. The analysis of the results showed that there is variability in the flow of the river, for factors that you/they also commit the environmental quality, such as: retreat of the vegetable covering, waterproofing of the soil for the occupation of the environs and garbage release, added to the sanded. Those results, in her width, they can come to be used as instrument for the definition of priorities as for the guidelines to subsidize a program of administration hydrologic and for the establishment of united actions to preserve, to revitalize or to revert the environmental damages of the spring in the Cascavel River, because they favor the economical-social impact for the price of the tariff of water of SANEPAR, that tends to increase as adult is the application of chemical products in the clarification of the water, to be used in the public provisioning. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a água da bacia hidrográfica do rio Cascavel, em seus aspectos quali-quantitativos. O rio que nasce na área urbana, abrange uma área de drenagem de 50,11 Km2 e tem um comprimento de 17,5 km. Com altitude máxima de 767 m, altitude mínima de 18 m e uma vazão de 973,00 m3/h e vazão de captação 345,00 m3/h. Sua localização geográfica está entre os paralelos 24o32 e 25o17 de Latitude Sul e os meridianos 53o05 e 53o50 de Longitude Oeste. O foco deste estudo é a bacia de manancial que tem suas nascentes, na região do lago municipal, até o ponto de captação de água da Companhia de Saneamento do Paraná - SANEPAR, antes do ponto de afluência do rio Quati e do rio Peroba e deságüe no Rio Andrade. Para a análise quantitativa, foi utilizada uma régua vertical na água (linímetro) e observação regular do nível, na seção de saída da área de estudo. Para a análise qualitativa espacial, foi utilizado um método de coletas amostrais periódicas dos parâmetros de turbidez, cor, pH, MO, Nitrato, DBO, DQO, sólidos totais e fósforo, em 4 pontos, ao longo do Rio de Cascavel, no período: de março de 2004 a maio de 2006. Para a análise qualitativa temporal foi utilizado um método de coletas de amostras diárias, no período de janeiro de 2004 a maio de 2006, dos parâmetros de turbidez, cor, pH, MO, alcalinidade e ferro, no ponto de coleta 4 Captação da SANEPAR, com base nas metodologias indicadas pelo Standard Methods. Os parâmetros utilizados para análises foram os fundamentados no uso do corpo hídrico, amparado pela legislação que estabelece classificação e monitoramento, dos corpos hídricos, Resolução Conama 357/2005. A análise dos resultados mostrou que há variabilidade na vazão do rio, por fatores que também comprometem a qualidade ambiental, tais como: retirada da cobertura vegetal, impermeabilização do solo pela ocupação das imediações e lançamento de lixo, somados ao assoreamento. Esses resultados, em sua amplitude, podem vir a ser utilizados como instrumento para a definição de prioridades quanto às diretrizes para subsidiar um programa de gerenciamento hidrológico e para o estabelecimento de ações conjuntas para preservar, revitalizar ou reverter os danos ambientais do manancial, rio Cascavel, pois favorecem o impacto econômico-social pelo preço da tarifa de água da SANEPAR, que tende a aumentar quanto maior for a aplicação de produtos químicos na clarificação da água, a ser utilizada no abastecimento público.

Evalúa el efecto de la aplicación de oleorresina de ají panca (Capsicum chinense) sobre el desarrollo microbiano en carne de vacuno empacada al vacío y almacenada en refrigeración, como una propuesta para la extensión de la vida útil de este producto. La oleorresina se obtiene mediante extracción con etanol de grado alimentario y se cuantifica el contenido de capsaicina y dihidrocapsaicina mediante HPLC-DAD. Se preparan muestras de carne de vacuno de 50 g y se separan en 2 grupos: G1, con aplicación de 2.5 mL de oleorresina a cada corte, y G2, como control. Luego, ambos grupos de muestras se empacan al vacío y se almacenan a 0 -4 °C por 90 días. En los días 0, 1, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 y 90 se mide el pH y se obtienen recuentos de aerobios mesófilos totales, aerobios psicrótrofos totales, bacterias ácido lácticas y Brochothrix thermosphacta a partir de ambos grupos. Además, se elaboran las respectivas curvas de pH y de desarrollo microbiano para establecer la vida útil del producto. La oleorresina tiene 1.39 mg de capsaicina y 0.54 mg de dihidrocapsaicina por gramo. En base a las curvas de pH y de recuentos microbianos, la vida útil de G1 es de 70 días, mientras que en G2 es 56. La aplicación de oleorresinas en productos cárnicos puede ser una alternativa para prolongar la vida útil de la carne. / Tesis

L'adage ne bis in idem déjà connu du droit romain est utilisé en procédure pénale, il a pour signification que nul ne peut être poursuivi deux fois pour les mêmes faits. Cette règle a pour objectif de garantir la protection des libertés individuelles notamment, la sécurité juridique et l'équité. En droit français, il est prévu à l’article 368 du code de procédure pénale que « aucune personne acquittée légalement ne peut plus être reprise ou accusée à raison des mêmes faits, même sous une qualification différente ». Ne bis in idem possède un édifice tridimensionnel déterminant le non-cumul des qualifications, des poursuites et des sanctions. Concernant l'aspect européen, le principe a été soumis par la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme a d'importants critères permettant de déterminer si l'on se trouve en situation de cumul des sanctions. La Cour européenne des droits de l'homme a amorcé un changement dans l'interprétation française du cumul des sanctions. Le Conseil constitutionnel, prenant en considération la position de la haute cour européenne, a donné un nouveau tournant à la règle française. Un processus s'est alors engagé vers la refonte du champ d'application permettant d'étendre la règle à de nombreuses situations de cumuls et notamment aux sanctions disciplinaires. C'est en faisant application d'une jurisprudence évolutive et abondante que nous nous attacherons à démontrer que la règle pourrait également s'appliquer à certaines sanctions disciplinaires qui peuvent également être cumulées aux sanctions pénales / The adage ne bis in idem already known from Roman law is used in criminal proceedings, it means that no one can be prosecuted twice for the same facts. The purpose of this rule is to guarantee the protection of individual freedoms, including legal certainty and fairness. Under French law, article 368 of the code of criminal procedure provides that "no person who has been acquitted by law may be taken back or charged on the basis of the same facts, even under a different qualification". Ne bis in idem has a three-dimensional building determining the non-cumulation of qualifications, prosecutions and sanctions. Regarding the European aspect, the principle has been submitted by the European court of human rights has important criteria to determine if there is a situation of cumulation of sanctions. The European court of human rights has initiated a change in the French interpretation of the cumulation of sanctions. The Constitutional Council, taking into account the position of the High European court, has given a new turn to the French rule. A process has begun to redefine the scope of application to extend the rule to many cumulative situations including disciplinary sanctions. It is by applying an evolutionary and abundant jurisprudence that we will endeavor to demonstrate that the rule could also apply to certain disciplinary sanctions which can also be cumulated with the penal sanctions

<p>The purpose of this study is to find potential areas suitable for energy production using renewable sources. For this aim, accurate assessments are necessary. The assessments include geographical suitability, closeness of infrastructure and observing local and regional framework concerning the use of renewable sources together with environmental protection. In addition, economical factor is considered in such an assessment. In this study, the Photovoltaic (PV) production potential for Germany is considered. An accurate and complete data set is necessary in order to achieve reliable results. In addition, a powerful database management and strong analysis tools are required. Geographical Information System (GIS) is a tool for finding suitable sites for the photovoltaic production.Using GIS, energy generation planners are able to visualize solar densities throughout the considered area. In addition, they can find the optimal and most economical sites by the combination of solar potential with the information about land. In this study, data sources consist of meteorological and geographical conditions. Furthermore, all analyses have been performed using Arc GIS Desktop. This study demonstrates the possible places for photovoltaic plants and indicates suitable candidates according to weights and factors in multi criteria analysis. The solar radiation data is from year 1995 to 2005. Land cover data is according to Corine 2000 and the more detailed Raumordnungskataster (Rok) for Weser-Ems. Numerical results are reliable from a comparison point of view. This study demonstrates the sensitivity of the defined criteria with respect to electricity production. In particular, this study is useful to see the capabilities of GIS for site selection regarding photovoltaic plants.The purpose of this study is to find potential areas suitable for energy production using renewable sources. For this aim, accurate assessments are necessary. The assessments include geographical suitability, closeness of infrastructure and observing local and regional framework concerning the use of renewable sources together with environmental protection. In addition, economical factor is considered in such an assessment. In this study, the Photovoltaic (PV) production potential for Germany is considered. An accurate and complete data set is necessary in order to achieve reliable results. In addition, a powerful database management and strong analysis tools are required. Geographical Information System (GIS) is a tool for finding suitable sites for the photovoltaic production.Using GIS, energy generation planners are able to visualize solar densities throughout the considered area. In addition, they can find the optimal and most economical sites by the combination of solar potential with the information about land. In this study, data sources consist of meteorological and geographical conditions. Furthermore, all analyses have been performed using Arc GIS Desktop. This study demonstrates the possible places for photovoltaic plants and indicates suitable candidates according to weights and factors in multi criteria analysis. The solar radiation data is from year 1995 to 2005. Land cover data is according to Corine 2000 and the more detailed Raumordnungskataster (Rok) for Weser-Ems. Numerical results are reliable from a comparison point of view. This study demonstrates the sensitivity of the defined criteria with respect to electricity production. In particular, this study is useful to see the capabilities of GIS for site selection regarding photovoltaic plants.</p>

Renewable energy is a current issue in the world as well as in Turkey. Turkey has developing policies in the renewable energy field. Although it is a beneficial mean of obtaining energy, there are barriers on renewable energy production. In order to develop renewable energies, those barriers have to be analyzed and suitable implementations should be developed to overcome them. In this thesis policy and implementation on the renewables are evaluated in general and specially for Turkey. The electricity market is one of the crucial factors of development of the renewable energy. The day-ahead market and renewable energy support mechanism in Turkey are investigated. Finally benefit calculations is carried out in order to compare benefits of renewable energy in market and support mechanisms by using real time price and production values of two renewable energy plants / a hydropower and a wind power plants. Further, outcomes of newly developed prediction project for wind power plants are evaluated in terms of market benefit.

The purpose of this study is to find potential areas suitable for energy production using renewable sources. For this aim, accurate assessments are necessary. The assessments include geographical suitability, closeness of infrastructure and observing local and regional framework concerning the use of renewable sources together with environmental protection. In addition, economical factor is considered in such an assessment. In this study, the Photovoltaic (PV) production potential for Germany is considered. An accurate and complete data set is necessary in order to achieve reliable results. In addition, a powerful database management and strong analysis tools are required. Geographical Information System (GIS) is a tool for finding suitable sites for the photovoltaic production.Using GIS, energy generation planners are able to visualize solar densities throughout the considered area. In addition, they can find the optimal and most economical sites by the combination of solar potential with the information about land. In this study, data sources consist of meteorological and geographical conditions. Furthermore, all analyses have been performed using Arc GIS Desktop. This study demonstrates the possible places for photovoltaic plants and indicates suitable candidates according to weights and factors in multi criteria analysis. The solar radiation data is from year 1995 to 2005. Land cover data is according to Corine 2000 and the more detailed Raumordnungskataster (Rok) for Weser-Ems. Numerical results are reliable from a comparison point of view. This study demonstrates the sensitivity of the defined criteria with respect to electricity production. In particular, this study is useful to see the capabilities of GIS for site selection regarding photovoltaic plants.The purpose of this study is to find potential areas suitable for energy production using renewable sources. For this aim, accurate assessments are necessary. The assessments include geographical suitability, closeness of infrastructure and observing local and regional framework concerning the use of renewable sources together with environmental protection. In addition, economical factor is considered in such an assessment. In this study, the Photovoltaic (PV) production potential for Germany is considered. An accurate and complete data set is necessary in order to achieve reliable results. In addition, a powerful database management and strong analysis tools are required. Geographical Information System (GIS) is a tool for finding suitable sites for the photovoltaic production.Using GIS, energy generation planners are able to visualize solar densities throughout the considered area. In addition, they can find the optimal and most economical sites by the combination of solar potential with the information about land. In this study, data sources consist of meteorological and geographical conditions. Furthermore, all analyses have been performed using Arc GIS Desktop. This study demonstrates the possible places for photovoltaic plants and indicates suitable candidates according to weights and factors in multi criteria analysis. The solar radiation data is from year 1995 to 2005. Land cover data is according to Corine 2000 and the more detailed Raumordnungskataster (Rok) for Weser-Ems. Numerical results are reliable from a comparison point of view. This study demonstrates the sensitivity of the defined criteria with respect to electricity production. In particular, this study is useful to see the capabilities of GIS for site selection regarding photovoltaic plants.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:54:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaLA.pdf: 1178541 bytes, checksum: 11101a5e4e46b903dcbf8953c67ffbf0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The environmental management in the health establishments is a reality still little explored in the health sector in Brazil, especially concerning its wastes. The management of wastes of health services is established in the valid legislation through the National Council of Environment and Sanitary Vigilance Agency (358/2005 and 304/2004 respectively). The present work is about a descriptive work about the environmental health in the health services. The used criterion was to diagnose the environmental management in twelve establishments of health inserted in the three levels of complexity of the Unique Health System (Sistema ?nico de Sa?de SUS). Among the sub criteria used the waste management is the one of bigger concern. The one referring to the water quality is considered good. The analysis of data reveals that 66% of the establishments got a poor environmental ranking, 17% critical and 17% appropriate, showing that the health establishments in the three levels of complexity of the SUS need urgent structural, environmental and educational interventions / O gerenciamento ambiental nos estabelecimentos de sa?de ? uma realidade ainda pouco explorada no setor sa?de no Brasil, principalmente em rela??o aos res?duos. O gerenciamento de res?duos de servi?os de sa?de est? estabelecido na legisla??o vigente atrav?s do Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente e da Ag?ncia Nacional de Vigil?ncia Sanit?ria (RDC 358/2005 e 304/2004 respectivamente). Esta disserta??o trata de um estudo descritivo de car?ter qualitativo e quantitativo sobre a sa?de ambiental nos servi?os de sa?de utilizando a metodologia da pesquisa-a??o. No cap?tulo I, ? apresentado um diagn?stico sobre os RSS gerados em doze estabelecimentos de sa?de da cidade de Mossor?-RN. Foi utilizado o modelo DAES - Modelo para Diagn?stico Ambiental em Estabelecimentos de Sa?de para diagnosticar o gerenciamento ambiental e dos RSS nestes estabelecimentos. Este conjunto de procedimentos permitiu compor um banco de dados e a identifica??o de poss?veis inadequa??es referentes ao processo de gerenciamento ambiental nestes servi?os. A an?lise dos dados revela que 66% dos estabelecimentos obtiveram a classifica??o ambiental p?ssima, 17% cr?tica e 17% adequada, mostrando que os estabelecimentos de sa?de nos tr?s n?veis de complexidade do SUS necessitam de interven??es estruturais, ambientais e educacionais urgentes. No cap?tulo II, s?o apresentadas informa??es acerca das atividades educacionais em sa?de desenvolvidas nestes estabelecimentos durante a pesquisa. Nesta etapa foi poss?vel contribuir, elaborar e construir, atividades educativas voltadas para a tem?tica ambiental em sa?de, com ?nfase para o gerenciamento de RSS, discutidos e analisados a partir da realidade vivenciada pelos funcion?rios e de seus questionamentos em cinco estabelecimentos. No cap?tulo III, ? feita uma an?lise qualitativa a respeito das falas e reflex?es feitas pelos trabalhadores destes estabelecimentos, apreendidas durante o desenvolvimento das atividades educativas. Os resultados alertam para a necessidade de realiza??o de atividades educacionais permanentes em sa?de ambiental nestes servi?os, visto que as realizadas durante esta pesquisa se caracterizaram pela desinforma??o, desconhecimento e/ou inobserv?ncia das quest?es ambientais intra-estabelecimentos de sa?de. Portanto, considera-se imprescind?vel envolver todos os indiv?duos presentes no dia-a-dia destes estabelecimentos para que possam contribuir com atitudes e atividades voltadas para a qualidade ambiental nos servi?os de sa?de