Background: COVID-19 is a dangerous contagious infection which was declared as a global pandemic by World Health Organisation (WHO) in March 2020. It was rapidly spreading worldwide, forcing the world to move into isolation and the software developing companies to change their work settings into remote working. Quality of the software is a significant attribute that determines the success of a project. Code reviews are an essential software development practice and are the first step towards improving the quality of the software. Objectives: The main objective of this research study is to list the challenges that the developers are facing while working from home and investigate the impact of challenges on code review practices. Methods: A multiple case study has been conducted in 5 organizations to understand and analyze the effect of transition on the code review process. We achieved this by conducting semi-structured interviews and participant observation with developers involved in code review practices of each organization considered for the study and qualitatively analyzed the gathered data using thematic analysis. Results: The results indicated challenges concerning team collaboration, infrastructure, productivity and burnout in the early stages of the pandemic. However, later, organizations’ mitigating strategies have helped them cope with the situation, and no significant impact due to working from home were observed on the code review process. Conclusions: Our findings highlight that there is no considerable impact of the challenges factored in due to working from home on the code review process. The major reasons behind that was the modernization of the tools used for code reviews and timely implementation of mitigation strategies by organizations. Based on the mitigation strategies taken by the organisations we formulated guidelines, which can be taken into consideration by the organisations still suffering with the transition to work from home.

Organizational learning has been a focus of scholars since 1970. Researchers have demonstrated that conducting postproject reviews to capture lessons learned significantly improves organizational learning. Guided by the concept of organizational learning, the purpose of this case study was to explore how 6 New York metropolitan organizational leaders used postproject reviews to prevent project managers from repeating the same mistakes, increasing cost and time overruns, and experiencing project failure. Semistructured face-to-face and phone interviews were conducted with a project sponsor and 5 project managers in the New York metropolitan area. Data were analyzed using the process of coding and condensing the codes, which produced 5 themes, including effective lessons learned, capturing lessons learned, benefits of lessons learned, barriers to postproject reviews, and leadership support. The findings of this study indicated that organizational leaders used standard templates and organizational policies to ensure project managers execute postproject reviews. Organizational leaders and project managers may benefit from the findings of this study by learning the advantages of conducting postproject reviews. This study may contribute to positive social change by organizations achieving cost avoidance when they reduce project failures and increase project success.

The starting point of this essay is an attempt to establish if Marika Stjernstedt was present in the French press at the beginning of the XXIth century. If this is the case, how did the newspaper journalists of this period described her personality? Is that in positive or negative terms? What were the main subjects they wrote about? Which of her books or articles have aroused a lot of interest? How did they introduce her and her culture quite unknown at this epoch in France? Have these journalists conveyed the same stereotyped pictures of the North and the Northerners? Or did they replace them with accurate ones?  The analysis is based on eighty-five articles released in the French press between 1914 and 1954. Our principal aim is to show if a famous female Swedish journalist and writer could become a well-known person in a foreign country, using the French language. Because of the sexism we are tempted to think that women were kept out of the celebrity. We assume that some of them were published but their publications were smaller in numbers if we compare them to men’s publications.

I denna uppsats undersöks programmet Anki som ett hjälpmedel för att lära sig det japanska skriftsystemet hiragana i en gymnasiekurs i nybörjarjapanska. 22 elever har deltagit i en studie där de har delat med sig av sina provresultat i hiragana och genomfört en enkät om deras användning och uppfattning av Anki samt hur de skulle vilja att undervisningen i hiragana såg ut. Genom två enkätundersökningar före två prov i skriftsystemet hiragana har eleverna fått svara på hur ofta de använder Anki och utefter dessa svar har eleverna delats in i två grupper. De största upptäckterna som har gjorts i denna studie är att de elever som valde att använda Anki, presterar bättre på både proven i hiragana än de elever som inte valde att använda Anki. Elevgruppen som använde Anki håller en konstant hög nivå som motsvarar betyg B eller A, medan elevgruppen som inte valde att använda Anki presterar på D-nivå under det första provet och sedan som grupp sänker sig till E-nivå. Eleverna verkar i regel tycka att Anki är ett program som är lätt och smidigt att använda, men de har haft svårt att tillägna sig vissa funktioner.

Background and Objectives: HIV in a major public health problem in many countries of the world. Recent advances in care for people living with HIV such as the use of antiretroviral medication have reduced the mortality and morbidity associated with HIV infection. However, many people receiving antiretroviral therapy do not take it as prescribed and still experience sub-optimal health outcomes. Mobile phone text messaging is emerging as an important tool in health care, and HIV in particular. Our objectives were to explore the determining factors for adherence to antiretroviral therapy, test text messaging as an adherence enhancement tool, develop a framework for community ownership of a text messaging program and describe strategies for transfer of evidence in HIV to other conditions. Methods: This research is primarily based in Yaoundé, Cameroon, and employs a variety of methodologies, including a systematic review, two cross- sectional surveys, a randomized controlled trial, an individual patient data meta-analysis, a mixed methods study and a systematic review of systematic reviews. Results and Conclusions: Two-way weekly text messaging is an effective strategy in improving adherence to antiretroviral therapy and enhancing provider-client communication. People living with HIV in Yaoundé, Cameroon like receiving text messages, and are willing to own and run a text messaging program. Text messaging interventions may be transferred to other conditions by integrating services or by copying what works in HIV. Further research on potential harms, cost effectiveness and text messaging for other chronic conditions is warranted. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Online transactions have been growing exponentially in the last decade, contributing to up to 11% of total retail sales. One of the parameters of success in online transactions are online reviews where customers have the chance to assign level of satisfaction regarding their purchase. This review system acts as a bargaining power for customers so that their suppliers pay more attention to their satisfaction, as well as benchmark for future prospective customers. This research digs into what actually causes customers to assign high level of satisfaction in their online purchase experience: Whether it is packaging, delivery time or else. This research also tries to dig into customer behaviour related to online reviews from three different perspectives: gender, culture and economic structure. Data mining methodology is used to collect and analyse the data, thus providing a reliable quantitative study. The end result of this study is expected to assist in marketing decisions to capture certain types of consumers who significantly place or purchasing decision based on online reviews. / Entrepreneurship & Innovation Management

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The goal of this thesis is to support the automated identification of accessibility in user reviews or bug reports, to help technology professionals prioritize their handling, and, thus, to create more inclusive apps. Particularly, we propose a model that takes as input accessibility user reviews or bug reports and learns their keyword-based features to make a classification decision, for a given review, on whether it is about accessibility or not. Our empirically driven study follows a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods. We introduced models that can accurately identify accessibility reviews and bug reports and automate detecting them. Our models can automatically classify app reviews and bug reports as accessibility-related or not so developers can easily detect accessibility issues with their products and improve them to more accessible and inclusive apps utilizing the users' input. Our goal is to create a sustainable change by including a model in the developer's software maintenance pipeline and raising awareness of existing errors that hinder the accessibility of mobile apps, which is a pressing need. In light of our findings from the Blackboard case study, Blackboard and the course material are not easily accessible to deaf students and hard of hearing. Thus, deaf students find that learning is extremely stressful during the pandemic.

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