När sjöbefälsstudenter befinner sig på den fartygsförlagda praktiken innebär det begränsade möjligheter till fysisk aktivitet. Faktorer som långa arbetstimmar, dåligt väder och sömbrist kan påverka sjöbefälsstudenterna till sjöss. Rekomendationer från Folkhälsomyndigheten menar att vuxna personer från 18 år behöver utöva en fysisk aktivitet minst 150 minuter per vecka vid måttlig intensitet för att inte bli för stillasittande. Enligt Maritime Labour Convention ska det finnas ett fritidsutrymme ombord på fartyg över 3000 GT vilket gör att det finns möjligheter för fysisk aktivitet ombord på dessa fartyg. Syftet med denna undersökning var att beskriva den fysiska aktiviteten hos sjöbefälsstudenter när de är ute på fartygsförlagd praktik och när de har campusförlagd utbildning. Syftet var även att jämföra hur respondenterna från sjökapten- och sjöingenjörsutbildningen förhåller sig till varandra vad gäller fysisk aktivitet. Undersökningen syftade även till att visa om de fysiskt aktiva sjöbefälsstudenterna använde sig av någon form av träningsrelaterade kosttillskott. Metoden utgjordes av en kvantitativ studie i form av enkätundersökning med fasta svarsalternativ och frågor med graderad inställning. Urvalet bestod av 90 respondenter från sjökaptens- och sjöingenjörsprogammen på en sjöbefälsskola. Rådata sammanställdes i frekvenstabeller för att sedan kunna avläsa hur fördelningen i variabeln såg ut. För att tydligare redovisa fördelningen av variabeln sammanställdes rådata slutligen i stolpdiagram. Resultatet visade att respondenterna var mer fysiskt aktiva när de befann sig på den fartygsförlagda praktiken än när de befann sig på campus. Ökningen i den fysiska aktiviteten hos sjöingenjörsrespondenterna syntes tydligare medan sjökaptenernas ökning var marginell. Respondenterna utförde fler träningspass i veckan men kortade ner längden på träningspassen. Majoriteten av respondenterna på sjöbefälsskolan var fysiskt aktiva trots att faktorer som väder, långa arbetstimmar och otillräcklig sömn påverkade dem. Undersökningen visade också att ungefär hälften av respondenterna som utförde fysisk aktivitet använde sig av träningsrelaterade kosttillskott i samband med träningen. Det vanligaste kosttillskottet i samband med träning som respondenterna använde sig av var proteinpulver. Respondenternas anledning till att använda kosttillskott berodde på att de fick ut mer av sin träning. / When students of the Nautical Science and the Marine Engineering Programmes are on the ship-based internship, this means limited opportunities for physical activity. Factors such as long hours of work, bad weather and a lack of sleep can affect the students while at sea. Recommendations from the Public Health Authority mean that adult persons from the age of 18 need to exercise a physical activity at least 150 minutes per week at moderate intensity so as not to become too sedentary. According to the Maritime Labor Convention, there will be a leisure space aboard ships over 3000 GT, which means that there are opportunities for physical activity on board these vessels. The purpose of this survey was to describe the physical activity of students when they are on a ship-based internship and when they have campus-based education. The purpose is also to compare the students of the Nautical Science Programme to the students of the Marine Engineering Programme when it comes to physical activity. The study also aimed to show whether the physically active students used some form of exercise-related dietary supplements. The method consisted of a quantitative study in the form of questionnaires with fixed response alternatives and questions with a graded approach. The sample consisted of 90 respondents from the Nautical Science Programme to the students of the Marine Engineering Programme at a Naval institute. Primary data was compiled in frequency tables to be able to read how the distribution in the variable looked. In order to clarify the distribution of the variable more clearly, the primary data was finally compiled in bar charts. The result showed that the respondents were more physically active when they were on the ship-based practice than when they were on campus. The increase in the physical activity of the Marine Engineering 'respondents appeared clearer while the Nautical Science respondents increase was marginal. Respondents performed more training sessions a week but shortened the length of the workout. The majority of respondents at the naval institute were physically active despite factors such as weather, long hours of work and insufficient sleep affecting them. The study also showed that about half of the respondents who performed physical activity used exercise-related dietary supplements in connection with the exercise. The most common dietary supplement in connection with training that the respondents used was protein powder. The respondents' reason for using dietary supplements was because they got more out of their training.

Bakgrund: Barn och ungdomar inom barn- och ungdomspsykiatrisk öppenvård testas för droganvändning genom övervakat urinprov av en sjuksköterska antingen slumpmässigt eller i samband med introduktion av behandling med läkemedel eller utredning. Det finns sparsam vetenskaplig kunskap kring detta ämne från ett sjuksköterskeperspektiv och inte alls från barnens perspektiv.  Enligt socialstyrelsens riktlinjer för missbruk och droger finns det risk att man utför övervakat urinprov slentrianmässigt då det kan bli en rutin som används utan reflektion.  Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att belysa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter kring övervakat urinprov av ungdomar inom barn och ungdomspsykiatrisk öppenvård. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie med ett induktivt förhållningssätt har använts. Åtta sjuksköterskor från barn och ungdomspsykiatrisk öppenvård har ingått i studien. Materialet transkriberades och analyserades i enlighet med Graneheim och Lundman (2004) genom konventionell innehållsanalys. Dessutom diskuteras metodvalet utifrån Graneheim, Lindgren och Lundman (2017) för att öka trovärdigheten. Resultat: Detta i tre slutkategorier; Att två världar krockar, Att individanpassa utefter behov och relation, Att bli inspirerad och motiverad av patienter och föräldrar. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskor som har erfarenheter av övervakat urinprov träffar patienter på olika sätt, ibland planerat där en relation finns och man har ett omvårdnadsperspektiv men ibland där man träffar ungdomen på ordination av annan behandlare enbart för att utföra en åtgärd. Det finns rutiner som man skall följa i samband med ett övervakat urinprov men vi kan konkludera att det sker anpassningar utifrån att bevara ungdomens integritet. Vi kan också konstatera att sjuksköterskorna motiveras av att arbeta med barn och ungdomar och deras familjer och verkar trivas bäst där det finns utrymme för att skapa relationer och tillit med patienterna

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-03-16T13:21:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Luísa Lacerda Albertão_.pdf: 2194326 bytes, checksum: 61ff37249f37cc5d5001de0fe0bf0f55 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-16T13:21:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Luísa Lacerda Albertão_.pdf: 2194326 bytes, checksum: 61ff37249f37cc5d5001de0fe0bf0f55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / Nenhuma / As rotinas influentes no processo inovador de firmas industriais são o foco deste trabalho. Fundamentando-se na teoria econômica evolucionária, que tem no conceito de rotina o elemento explicativo para as mudanças (inovações) introduzidas pelas firmas em ambientes de seleção de mercado. Com objetivo de identificar qual conjunto de rotinas as firmas com melhor desempenho inovador e econômico executam, foi feita uma análise dos dados de uma pesquisa SURVEY realizada em 2015, com 1.331 firmas industriais do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Para esta investigação foram realizadas primeiramente análises descritivas e bivariadas dos dados, e, posteriormente, utilizou-se da modelagem em equações estruturais com estimação Partial Least Squares (PLS). O estudo apontou para um conjunto de 41 empresas que apresentam desempenho superior à média e realizam rotinas com o papel de coordenação e controle e rotinas com o papel de incorporação de conhecimento. Especificamente se destacam rotinas tais como: adaptação das tecnologias em uso para as suas próprias necessidades, prototipagem, realizam a concepção original de seus próprios produtos, integram todos os setores com o uso da informática, padronizam e documentam os diferentes procedimentos de trabalho, formalizam o procedimento de planejamento e controle da produção (PCP) e mantém a capacitação de pessoal adequada. Os resultados do estudo corroboram com a literatura informando que há um conjunto de firmas que realizam rotinas específicas que as conferem melhor desempenho econômico e inovador. Também há convergência com a literatura que discute inovação no Brasil e RS ao se identificar apenas um grupo seleto de 41 empresas, das 1331 respondentes, que possuem rotinas mais específicas voltadas à inovação e com resultados superiores às demais. A identificação das características destas firmas e suas rotinas permite ampliar o conhecimento a cerca do comportamento da firma industrial inovadora do Rio Grande do Sul e permite melhor refletir a cerca de políticas que visem ampliar este grupo restrito de empresas. / The influential routines in the innovative process of industrial firms are the focus of this work. Relying on evolutionary economic theory, it has in the concept of 'routine' the explanatory element for the changes (innovations) introduced by firms in market selection environments. In order to identify which set of routines the firms with the best innovative and economic performance performed, an analysis of the data of a research survey conducted in 2015 was carried out with 1,331 industrial firms from Rio Grande do Sul (RS). For this investigation, descriptive and bivariate analyzes of the data were performed first, and later, it was used the modeling in structural equations with Partial Least Squares (PLS) estimation. The study pointed to a set of 41 companies that perform above average performance and perform routines with the role of coordination and control and routines with the role of incorporation of knowledge. Specifically, they highlight routines such as: adapting the technologies in use to their own needs, prototyping, realizing the original design of their own products, integrating all sectors with the use of information technology, standardizing and documenting different work procedures, formalizing the production planning and control (PCP) and maintains adequate staff training. The results of the study corroborate with the literature that there is a set of firms that perform specific routines that give them better economic and innovative performance. There is also convergence with the literature that discusses innovation in Brazil and RS by identifying only a select group of 41 firms, out of the 1331 respondents, who have more specific routines focused on innovation and with results superior to others. The identification of the characteristics of these firms and their routines allows to increase the knowledge about the behavior of the innovative industrial firm of Rio Grande do Sul and, so, better reflect about some policies that aim to expand this restricted group of firms.

A presente tese analisa comparativamente o tema 'comer fora de casa' em três países, Brasil, Reino Unido e Espanha, a partir da Teoria das Práticas Sociais e da Sociologia do Comer. O objetivo central desse trabalho é analisar as principais características e as diferenças das práticas sociais em torno do comer, especialmente o comer fora de casa, a partir dos dados e definições conceituais, das rotinas alimentares e dos contextos sociais. No que diz respeito aos dados oficiais de cada país os conceitos operacionais se apresentam de forma distinta, mostrando uma série de limitações para as análises e comparações desse fenômeno social. Ao se averiguar os dados empíricos, percebe-se que do ponto de vista conceitual, a prática do comer fora é então definida como não se configurando somente em uma única situação: quando se come em casa, o próprio menu na companhia do núcleo familiar mais próximo. Todos os outros momentos e situações em que se come há algum grau ou intensidade que corresponde à prática do comer fora. Diante dessa definição é discutida a formação das rotinas alimentares nos três países de forma relacional entre o dentro/fora, o prazer/obrigação e as constâncias/mudanças. Quanto as antinomias dentro/fora e prazer/obrigação, o que se destaca são: o cosmopolitismo britânico, o tradicionalismo espanhol, e uma 'mescla' entre o tradicionalismo e o cosmopolitismo no Brasil. No que corresponde as mudanças, a estrutura teleoafetiva das práticas sociais se mostrou diversa entre os países, sendo que os valores normativos que mais se destacaram em torno do comer foram: o 'poupar', o 'cuidar', o 'prazer', o 'variar' e o 'adaptar', incorrendo em mudanças na prática do comer por bifurcação, coalescência e hibridização. O entendimento compartilhado de que o almoço tem pouca importância para os britânicos e de que os espanhóis acreditam comer bem, por terem uma dieta mediterrânea, são os mais marcantes, refletindo diretamente nas práticas alimentares levadas adiante em cada país. As regras em torno do comer tendem a ser fracamente reguladas, sendo que os dados mostraram que a prática do comer fora apresenta-se cada vez mais informal nos três países, sendo predominantemente realizada em razão da sociabilidade, conveniência e experimentação. Ao se analisar a composição das práticas sociais em torno do comer, notou-se a presença de outras práticas socais ora se relacionando com ao ato de comer de forma co-dependente, ora co-existente. Quando essa relação ocorre de forma co-depende a prática do comer se configura em uma prática 'composta', que é 'ancorada' por outras práticas sociais, porém, quando essa relação for co-existente, a prática do comer se configura apenas como uma prática integrativa. Essa dinâmica foi percebida como situacional, ou seja, variando de acordo com os contextos sociais e as condicionantes presentes em cada país, bem como perante as dimensões analisadas, em relação aos eventos, os processos de incorporação e os menus. Como contribuição para Teoria das Práticas indica-se analisar os 'nexus' que conectam as práticas sociais e os arranjos, moldados pelas condicionantes dos contextos sociais, como a unidade suscetível às mudanças sociais. / This thesis comparatively analyzes the theme “eating out” in three countries: Brazil, the United Kingdom and Spain. This thesis is based on the Theory of Social Practices and on the Sociology of Eating. The main goal of this paper is to analyze the major aspects and differences of social practices around eating, especially eating out (in restaurants and alike), based on conceptual data and definitions, eating routines and social contexts. Regarding the official data of each country, the operational concepts are presented in a distinct way, exposing a series of limitations for both the analysis and comparisons of this social phenomenon. When looking at the empirical data, one can see that from the conceptual point of view, the practice of eating out is not characterized by a single situation: when eating at home, the menu itself in the company of those close to us. On all other situations in which we eat, there is a degree or intensity that correlates to the practice of eating out. Facing this definition, the formation of eating routines in these three countries is discussed in a relational way between inside/outside, pleasure/obligation and constancy/change. As for the antinomies inside/outside and pleasure/obligation, the ones that stand out are: British cosmopolitanism, Spanish traditionalism, and a “blend” between traditionalism and cosmopolitanism in Brazil. Regarding the changes, the teleoaffective structure of social practices was diverse among the countries, and the normative values about eating that stood out the most were: “saving money”, “caring”, “pleasure”, “vary” and “adapt”, incurring in changes in the practice of eating by bifurcation, coalescence and hybridization. The shared understanding that Lunch is of little importance to the British, and that Spaniards believe that they eat well, because they have a Mediterranean diet, much more remarkable, reflecting directly on the eating practices carried out in each country. The rules about eating tend to be poorly regulated, and the data showed that the practice of eating out is becoming increasingly informal in these three countries, being predominantly motivated because of sociability, convenience and experimentation. When analyzing the composition of social practices around eating, the presence of other social practices, related to the act of eating in a co-dependent or co-existent way, were noticed. When this relation occurs in a co-dependent manner, the practice of eating is seen as a “composed” practice, which is “anchored” by other social practices, however, when this relation is co-existent, it is seen as a integrative practice. These dynamics were perceived as situational, that is, varying according to the social contexts and the constraints present in each country, as well as to the dimensions analyzed, in relation to events, the process of incorporation and the menus. As a contribution to the Theory of Practices it is necessary to analyze the “nexus” that connect social practices and arrangements, shaped by the constraints of social contexts, as an unit susceptible to social changes. / La presente tesis analiza comparativamente el tema 'comer fuera de casa' en tres países, Brasil, Reino Unido y España, a partir de la Teoría de las Prácticas Sociales y de la Sociología del Comer. El objetivo central de este trabajo es analizar las principales características y diferencias de las prácticas sociales en torno al comer, especialmente el comer fuera de casa, a partir de datos y definiciones conceptuales, de las rutinas alimenticias y los contextos sociales. En relación con los datos oficiales de cada país, los conceptos operacionales se presentan de forma distinta, mostrando una serie de limitaciones para los análisis y las comparaciones de este fenómeno social. Al examinar los datos empíricos, se observa que, desde el punto de vista conceptual, la práctica de comer afuera no se configura en una única situación: cuando se come en casa el menú propio, en compañía del núcleo familiar más próximo. En los otros momentos y situaciones en que se come, existe algún grado o intensidad que corresponde a la práctica de comer afuera. Frente a esta definición, se discute la formación de las rutinas alimenticias en los tres países de forma relacional entre el adentro/afuera, placer/obligación y constancias/cambios. En cuanto a las antinomias adentro/afuera y placer/obligación, lo que se destaca es el cosmopolitismo británico, el tradicionalismo español, y una 'mezcla' entre el tradicionalismo y el cosmopolitismo en Brasil. En lo que respecta a los cambios, la estructura teleoafectiva de las prácticas sociales se mostró diversa entre los países, y los valores normativos que más se destacaron en torno al comer fueron: el 'ahorrar', 'cuidar', 'placer', 'variar' y 'adaptar', incurriendo en cambios en la práctica del comer por bifurcación, coalescencia e hibridación. El entendimiento compartido de que el almuerzo tiene poca importancia para los británicos y de que los españoles creen que comen bien, por tener una dieta mediterránea, son los más marcados, reflejándose directamente en las prácticas alimenticias llevadas a cabo en cada país. Las reglas en torno al comer tienden a estar poco reguladas, siendo que los datos mostraron que la práctica del comer afuera se presenta cada vez más informal en los tres países, y se realiza predominantemente en razón de la sociabilidad, conveniencia y experimentación. Al analizar la composición de las prácticas sociales en torno al comer, se observó la presencia de otras prácticas sociales que se relacionan con el acto de comer, ya sea de forma co-dependiente o co-existente. Cuando esta relación ocurre de forma co-dependiente, la práctica del comer se configura como una práctica 'compuesta', que es 'anclada' por otras prácticas sociales, mientras que, cuando esta relación es co-existente, la práctica del comer se configura solo como una práctica integrativa. Esta dinámica fue percibida como situacional, es decir, varía de acuerdo con los contextos sociales y los condicionantes presentes en cada país, así como ante las dimensiones analizadas, en relación con los eventos, los procesos de incorporación y los menús. Como contribución a la Teoría de las Prácticas, se sugiere analizar los 'nexus' que conectan las prácticas sociales y las disposiciones, moldeados por los condicionantes de los contextos sociales, como la unidad susceptible a los cambios sociales.

No description available.

Family conversation between homes is difficult to initiate at mutually agreeable times as neither participant has exact knowledge of the other's activities or intentions. Whether calling to plan an important family gathering or simply to connect with family members, the question is: Is now a good time to call? People expect friends and family to learn their activity patterns and to minimize interruptions when calling. Can technology provide awareness cues to the caller, even prior to the initiation of the call? This research focuses on sampling the everyday activities of home life to determine environmental factors, which may serve as an indicator for availability. These external factors may be effective for identifying household routines of availability and useful in determining when to initiate conversation across homes. Several workplace studies have shown a person's interruptibility can be reliably assessed and modeled from specific environmental cues; this work looks for similar predictive power in the home. Copresence, location, and activity in the home were investigated as correlates to availability and for their effectiveness within the social protocol of family conversation. These studies indicate there are activities that can be sensed, either in real-time or over some time span, that correlate to self-reported availability. However, the type and amount of information shared is dependent upon individual preferences, social accessibility, and patterns of activities. This research shows friends and family can improve their predictions of when to call if provided additional context, and suggests that abstract representations of either routines or explicit availability status is sufficient and may be preferred by providers. Availability prediction is feasible in the home and useful to those outside the home, but the level of detail to provide in particular situations needs further study. This work has implications for the development of groupware systems, the automatic sensing of activity to deal with interruption, and activity recognition in the home.

The current study had two purposes. The first purpose was to examine the association between family rules and routines and first grade children's teacher-rated and peer-rated behavioral competencies (e.g., emotional symptoms, conduct problems, peer problems, hyperactivity, and prosocial behavior) after controlling for both family stressors (i.e., single parent home, mobility, socioeconomic status, property ownership) and child ethnicity (African American, Caucasian, Hispanic). The second purpose was to determine if child regulatory control abilities mediates the effects of family rules and routines and children's behavioral competencies. The parents of 215 ethnically diverse children (38%, Caucasian, 22% African American, 33% Hispanic, 7% Other) were interviewed in their homes with a modified and shortened version of Family Routines Inventory (FRI; Jensen, James, Boyce, & Hartnett, 1983). Teachers completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; Goodman, 1997), and peers completed a modified version of the Class Play (Masten, Morison & Pelligrini, 1985). Scores from the SDQ were standardized and combined with the standardized scores obtained from the peer nominations to create composites of the behavioral competencies. Additionally, teachers completed a modified version of the California Child Q-set (CCQ) (Block & Block, 1980) as a measure of these children's regulatory control abilities. African American parents' ratings of their family's rules and routines were higher than those of Hispanic and Caucasian parents' ratings. Additionally, family stressors were positively associated with higher teacher and peer ratings of conduct problems and lower ratings of prosocial behavior. Neither ethnicity nor family rules and routines predicted child competencies. A statistically significant curvilinear relationship was found between family rules and routines and conduct problems such that children of parents reporting the highest and lowest levels of family rules and routines have more conduct problems. No associations were found between family rules and routines and child competencies or children's regulatory control abilities. Limitations of the study are discussed in terms of inadequate measurement of family rules and routines, a defensive response set, self-selection on the part of the parents to participate in the interview, and a sample that is not representative of the community of parents and children in the participating schools.

Cette thèse porte sur la méthode dite « méthode multipôle rapide » qui résout hiérarchiquement le problème à N-corps avec une complexité linéaire pour n'importe quelle précision. Dans le cadre de l'équation de Laplace, nous souhaitons pouvoir traiter efficacement toutes les distributions de particules rencontrées en astrophysique et en dynamique moléculaire.<br /> Nous étudions tout d'abord deux expressions distinctes du principal opérateur (« multipôle-to-local ») ainsi que les bornes d'erreur associées. Pour ces deux expressions, nous présentons une formulation matricielle dont l'implémentation avec des routines BLAS (Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms) permet d'améliorer fortement l'efficacité de calcul. Dans la gamme de précisions qui nous intéresse, cette approche se révèle plus performante que les améliorations existantes (FFT, rotations et ondes planes), pour des distributions uniformes ou non.<br /> Outre une nouvelle structure de données pour l'octree sous-jacent et des contributions algorithmiques à la version adaptative, nous avons aussi efficacement parallélisé notre méthode en mémoire partagée et en mémoire distribuée. Enfin, des comparaisons avec des codes dédiés justifient l'intérêt de notre code pour des simulations en astrophysique.

Our society changed, but the urban water and sanitation system of today is roughly the same as it was 100 years ago. The system is designed for, developed from and sustained by human activities, and has since its introduction affected household patterns of routine activities. The urban water and sanitation system is now being criticised for not being sustainable due to excessive material, energy and chemical use, and failure to recycle and reuse resources. Altering household practices is perceived as one important step towards improved sustainability. In this study, two changes in water and sanitation arrangements at the household level are analysed: individual meters for volumetric billing of hot and cold water, and dry toilets with separate collection of urine and faeces. These arrangements increase system transparency, and their proponents believe that the arrangements enhance resource recycling and/or rsource savings. However, success in this regard can only be achieved if accompanied by appropriate household routines. The extent to which such appropriate routines come about and why (not) is the focus of attention in this study; the aim is to describe and analyse the interaction between householder routines and changes in water and sanitation arrangements. This study takes as its starting point household everyday life. A methodological combination of time-diaries, interviews, physical measurements and simple observations is developed and implemented in two cases; the housing area Ringdansen with flats (volumetric billing) and the collective Gebers based on an ecological way of life (dry toilets). The theoretical approach is developed from time-geography and culture analysis. The methodological and theoretical approaches have proven useful and can be developed further. Household responded differently to the volumetric billing in Ringdansen, but in general, no sweeping routine changes took place in the households. A comparison of average total water usage per household (at an aggregated level) between the two cases, showed no significant difference. Water-use routines are also similar in the two areas, even though variations appear between households. There seems to be a socio-culturally defined lower limit for water use, regarded as necessary for maintaining sufficient standards of cleanliness and comfort, irrespective of the influence of ecological or economic incentives. Differences in household composition, built-in technical arrangements and existence of a garden (Gebers) explain the differences in hot and cold water usage between the two areas. The dry toilet was shown to have a decisive impact on toilet disposal routines; only biodegradable waste products are thrown into it and the cleaning agents are environmentally friendly toilet disposal routines that reach beyond the 'good' routines evolving from environmental concern. The relationship between changes in water and sanitation arrangements and householder routines may be expressed as follows: an extensive change in arrangements, either technical/physical, organisational and/or economical, results in more radical routine changes, and more so if combined. However, the improvement as regard ecological sustainability is conditional on what is socio-culturally accepted - social sustainability.

當社會進入以創意為主的經濟型態，如何促進豐沛創意快速衍生，是大眾關注的焦點，也為企業興衰的關鍵。創意泉源始於創造新構想的個人。許多文獻多以探究創意者出發，卻忽略創新實為創意者、守門者、社會系統互動所建構。因此，過去創新管理，多以創意者角度思考，鮮以守門觀點探討；創新、研發、創造力理論脈絡，也甚少直接研究守門內涵。 因此，本文以Lewin守門理論為基礎，整合演化、技術守門、創造力系統、體制理論，推衍何為創意構想守門，提出其運作包含：守門能耐-贏取信任基礎的能力、提供動機誘因的能力、具備專業能力；體制規則-評估標準、互動程度等二構念五因子。之後，依此多構念架構，Hinkin（1998）嚴謹發展程序，以三群不同獨立樣本，發展具信效度的量表，驗證專案團隊內創意構想守門概念結構模型的合宜性；接著，本研究進一步嘗試以上述整合性的守門觀點，探討其內涵與創新績效的關係，釐清篩選構想的守門活動，是否真為阻礙創新的絆腳石，或其實為促進創新的關鍵；最後，本研究釐清篩選創意構想的守門活動，是阻礙創新的絆腳石，或為扶植創意構想成長，催化創新的關鍵後，探討創意構想守門是如何促進創新的發生。 本研究以結構方程模式，分析專案團隊創意構想守門之守門能耐及體制規則、創新實踐作為與專案團隊創新績效的關係，以具創意構想守門經驗之專案團隊為研究對象，自433家公司回收111份團隊有效問卷。 結果發現，創意構想守門能耐及創新型體制規則與專案團隊創新績效呈正相關，且體制規則調節守門能耐與創新績效之關係，且創新實踐作為亦中介創意構想守門與創新績效之關係。而本文除強調以守門角度思考對管理創新的重要性；也提出創意構想守門內涵供經理人設計創意構想守門時，一個有系統的思考框架；而所發展具信效度之量表及創意構想守門與創新績效關係的實證結果，亦可作為後續研究的基礎。 / Nowadays, the raise of economy in our society is from creative ideas. Thus, people care about how to promote abundance creative ideas growing fast. In addition, firms also get survive in serious competitions by these creative ideas. The sources of creative ideas are from brilliant creators. So, researchers of innovation management often begin their studies from the creator’s perspective. There are rarely researchers starting their researches from another actor’s view. However, this perspective ignores that the creativity is the interactions among creators, gatekeepers, and whole society. Therefore, this study tried to clarify what the gatekeeping is. The study follows the logic of Lewin’s gatekeeping theory, introduces the evolution perspective, and integrates the technology gatekeeper, Csikszentmihaly’s system model, and institutional theory to approach the gatekeeping in selecting creative ideas. This study proposes there are five key factors, the abilities of earning creators’ trust, raising creator’s motivation, selecting ideas’ professional abilities, evaluating standards, and the degree of interactions in the gatekeeping construct. Then, according to the Lewin’s gatekeeping theory, this study classifies these five factors into two dimensions, the gatekeeping capabilities and institutional routines. Then, basis of this theoretical model and Hinkin’s (1998) procedure, this study develops and tests the questionnaire of the gatekeeping creative ideas inside the project teams. After that, the aim of this article explores how and why the gatekeeping and the innovation performance are related. This research involved a survey, comprised of four sets of questionnaires concerning the gatekeepong capabilities, institutional routines, innovative enabling behaviors, and innovation performances. 111 project teams participated in the study. The quantitative analysis of the questionnaires was conducted through descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and structural equation modeling in order to indicate the direction and relationships among the four sets of variables. The result proves the concept theoretical model of gatekeeping creative ideas is reasonable and the questionnaire has fair reliability and validity. Furthermore, results of this study also showed a medium level of consistence among the four variables of the gatekeeping capabilities, institution routines, innovative enabling behaviors, and innovation performances. To conclude, this study may be of importance in explaining the relationship between gatekeeping and innovation performance, as well as in providing the researchers and managers with a better understanding of how and why gatekeeping in creative ideas relate to the innovation performances. Therefore, this research can be the foundation of creative ideas’ gatekeeping for innovation studies in the future. It also reminds the managers the importance of gatekeeping and provides a thinking model in managing innovations.