Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate how working practices associated with routines and communication in a manufacturing company’s support processes can be quality assured, to ensure the ability of operational processes to maintain competitiveness. Based on the purpose, three questions have been formed:   What challenges associated with routines can be identified in the working practice of manufacturing companies support processes? What challenges associated with communication can be identified in the working practice of manufacturing companies support processes? How can challenges associated with routines and communication be managed to increase manufacturing company’s quality of support processes?   Method – To answer the study’s questions and fulfill the purpose, a case study has been conducted at DS Smith in Värnamo. The case study has consisted of a single case study design for the first two questions, while question three was answered with the help of a multiple case design due to an internal benchmarking conducted at DS Smith in Mariestad. The empirical data consisted of interviews, observations and documentary studies. An analysis of the empirical data from DS Smith in Värnamo has been compared with the theoretical framework, as well as the collected empirical data from the internal benchmarking at DS Smith in Mariestad.   Findings – An improvement in working practices in the supporting processes is necessary to improve the operational process of a manufacturing company. Routines and communication are two factors that affect the working practices in a support process, but also other parts of the company. Regarding routines, it is important for the management to take responsibility and ensure compliance with the routines. It is also important to ensure that they fulfill the purpose for which they are intended. Otherwise management should consider opportunities to update or clarify existing routines. Communication must work in all directions within the company, this applies both between employees within departments and between different departments. The management should appoint a person responsible for the transmission of information given to the right staff within the company. Poor communication and information sharing at the beginning of a process can lead to major consequences and impacts further down in the process.   Implications – The results highlighted by the study are reinforced from existing theory of how routines and communication should work within an organization. The study’s results also show that these factors have an impact on a support process, which results in an impact on the operational processes. Some practical implications that the authors have formulated are: To create clear communication channels as well as defining responsibilities and appoint responsible ones.   Limitations – Support processes in manufacturing companies have been perceived as a limited area theoretically. The theory found has mostly been very summarized and fundamental, which has limited the study from providing empirical data to previous theory or research on the subject.   Keywords – Routines, communication, quality, support process, operational process, manufacturing company / Syfte – Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka hur arbetssätt kopplade till rutiner och kommunikation i ett tillverkande företags stödprocesser kan kvalitetssäkras, för att säkerställa de operativa processernas möjligheter att upprätthålla konkurrenskraft. Utifrån syftet har tre frågeställningar formulerats:   Vilka utmaningar kopplade till rutiner kan identifieras i arbetssättet kring tillverkande företags stödprocesser? Vilka utmaningar kopplade till kommunikation kan identifieras i arbetssättet kring tillverkande företags stödprocesser? Hur kan utmaningar kring rutiner och kommunikation hanteras för att öka tillverkande företags kvalitet inom stödprocesser? Metod – För att besvara studiens frågeställningar och uppfylla syftet har en fallstudie genomförts på DS Smith i Värnamo. Fallstudien har för de första två frågeställningarna bestått av en enfallsdesign, medan frågeställning tre besvarades med hjälp av en flerfallsdesign på grund av en intern benchmarking som genomfördes på DS Smith i Mariestad. Den empiriska data utgjordes av intervjuer, observationer och dokumentstudier. En analys av empirin på fallföretaget DS Smith i Värnamo har gjorts gentemot det teoretiska ramverket, samt den insamlade empirin från den interna benchmarkingen på DS Smith i Mariestad.   Resultat – En förbättring av arbetssätt i stödprocesser är nödvändig för att förbättra de operativa processerna inom tillverkande företag. Rutiner och kommunikation är två faktorer som påverkar arbetssättet inom stödprocesser men även övriga delar av företaget. När det gäller rutiner är det viktigt för ledningen att ta ansvar och säkerställa efterlevnad av rutinerna samt att de uppfyller syftet de är avsedda till. I annat fall bör ledningen se över möjligheter att uppdatera eller förtydliga befintliga rutiner. Kommunikation måste fungera åt alla håll inom ett företag, detta gäller både mellan medarbetare inom avdelningar och avdelningarna emellan. Ledningen bör utse en ansvarig för att information förmedlas till rätt personal. Dålig kommunikation och informationsdelning i början av en process kan ge stora konsekvenser och påverkan senare i processen.   Implikationer – Resultaten som studien lyfter fram styrks av den befintliga teorin för hur rutiner och kommunikation bör fungera inom en organisation. Studiens resultat visar även på att dessa faktorer har en påverkan på en stödprocess vilket resulterar i en påverkan på de operativa processerna. Några praktiska implikationer som formulerats av författarna är bland annat att skapa tydliga kommunikationsvägar, definiera ansvarsområden samt utse ansvariga.   Begränsningar – Stödprocesser inom tillverkande företag har upplevts som ett begränsat område teoretiskt. Den teori som hittats har för det mesta varit väldigt sammanfattad och grundläggande vilket har begränsat studien från att ställa den empiriska data mot tidigare teori eller forskning kring ämnet.   Nyckelord – Rutiner, kommunikation, kvalitet, stödprocess, operativa processer, tillverkande företag

The master thesis deals with major news programmes of Czech television and RTVS during the first wave of Covid-19 pandemic. The objective of the paper is to reflect the form of the programmes Události and Správy RTVS during two selected time periods. The goal is also to map how organization and system of the work were changing in both newsrooms during 2020 and how it affected preparation and realization of the programmes. Theoretical part of the work describes the specificities of the news focused on television news and informing about breaking news and emergency situations. This chapter also recapitulates the events in 2020 in the context of the pandemic and demonstrates some of the impacts of that on different types of media. The second chapter characterizes both researched media and their major news programmes in the context of their competitive televisions. The analytical part of the work describes the used methodology and provides with the results of both parts of the research. Quantitative content analysis and semi-structured interviews were used as methods to obtain the set objectives. The results refer on how extraordinary situation affected both newsrooms which had to set up the precautions to protect their staff and to keep the broadcasting on. These new rules included some changes in the...

Back, M. (2019). Knowledge and routines about honor violence and oppression in the social services - an interview study in a medium-sized Swedish city. University of Gävle, Sweden. Bachelor thesis in Public Health Science. Department of Sports and Public Health Science. Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies. Sweden, Gävle: University of Gävle.    The aim of the study was to investigate knowledge and routines about honor related violence in social services in a medium-sized Swedish city. A qualitative method with four individual semi-structured interviews was used to answer to the purpose and research questions. A thematic analysis was conducted to find patterns in the respondents' answers. The result is presented in five main themes; Collectively practiced violence, Extinguishing fires, Knowledge and competence and Lack of prerequisites. Results showed that there are no specific routines regarding honor issues and that the knowledge and competence varies depending on occupational position and department. The most notable theme was Lack of conditions, which established that the girl usually goes back home, which was considered to be due to inadequate systems and insufficient routines. Honor violence and oppression is considered an important and current issue among professionals, although there seems to be difficulties and uncertainties about how the cases should be handled and the knowledge applied. In order to meet these challenges, a shared understanding is needed, regarding routines and working methods, as well as an improved knowledge among professionals. Priority and improved conditions are also needed to develop the work regarding honor-related violence and oppression.

Normgivare presenterar kontinuerligt nya redovisningsstandarder för att anpassa redovisningen efter samhällsutvecklingen. En sådan standard är IFRS 15, som avsåg att harmonisera intäktsredovisning och göra den mer jämförbar, samt minimera risken för intäktsplanering som orsakade ett flertal skandaler runt millennieskiftet. Standarden förväntades innebära stora förändringar på interna processer, rutiner och system i branscher där de använder sig av långa och komplexa avtalsstrukturer. Det är viktigt för normgivare att ha förståelse för de industrier som påverkas av de regleringar som introduceras. Det finns brist på studier som undersökt hur företag påverkas internt och vilka effekter en ny redovisningsstandard kan få på interna processer, rutiner och system. Studiens syfte är således att förklara vilka huvudsakliga effekter en redovisningsförändring kan få på interna processer, rutiner och system hos de bolag som påverkas av förändringen. Syftet uppnås genom en flerfallstudie på fem bolag inom byggindustrin, en industri där långa komplexa kundavtal med många prestationsåtaganden är vanligt förekommande. Studien har tillämpat en kvalitativ metod där vi genomfört intervjuer med representanter som arbetat med omställningen till IFRS 15. Studiens resultat visar på att IFRS 15 orsakat ett omfattande arbete med att förstå och applicera standarden för byggindustrin, i synnerhet hos de större bolagen. Trots de betydande nedlagda resurserna på arbetet har effekten på processer, rutiner och system blivit små. Studien indikerar att en orsak till detta kan vara att standarden ska gälla över hela världen och alla typer av verksamheter, vilket gör den generell och lämnar stort utrymme för tolkning. På grund av detta kan företag välja att tolka standarden på ett sådant sätt som överensstämmer med hur de redovisat innan standardens introduktion, och därmed uteblir den önskade effekten. / Norm-setters continuously present new accounting standards to adapt accounting to the development of society. One such standard is IFRS 15, which was developed with the aim of harmonizing revenue accounting and make it more comparable, as well as minimizing the risk of revenue planning which had caused several scandals around the turn of the millennium. The standard was expected to result in large changes in internal processes, routines and systems in industries that use long and complex contract structures. It is important for norm-setters to understand the industries that are affected by the regulations they introduce. There is a lack of studies that have explored how companies are affected internally and what effects a new accounting standard can have on their processes, routines, and systems. The purpose of this study is therefore to explain what main effects an accounting change can have on the internal processes, routines, and systems in the companies affected by the change. The purpose is achieved by a multiple case study focusing on of five companies within the construction industry, where long and complex customer contracts with many performance commitments are common. This study has applied a qualitative research method and conducted interviews with company representatives who have worked with the conversion process to IFRS 15. The results of the study show that IFRS 15 has caused a comprehensive work in trying to understand and apply the standard for the construction industry, especially within the larger companies. Despite the significant amount of resources used has the effects seen on processes, routines, and systems been small. The study indicates that one of the reasons for the small effect could be that the IFRS 15 standard is supposed to apply in the same form globally, and across different business segments and industries. This means that IFRS 15 is a broad standard which becomes open to multiple varying interpretations. As a result, companies can choose to interpret the standard in a way which corresponds with how they have always conducted their reporting prior, and therefore the new standard may not achieve the desired outcome.

This master thesis called The influence of digital media on the production of Czech Radio news and opinion journalism focuses on the changes in the producing of news and journalistic content of Czech Radio caused by the origin and development of network digital media. It describes the current form and functioning of the Czech Radio newsrooms and deals with the role that public institution attach to new media. The theoretical part attempts to define new media and describe their effects on traditional mass media. It also places in the context of current public service broadcasting in the Czech Republic and describes the development of technology that preceded the current situation. The aim of the practical part of the master thesis is a qualitative analysis of the impacts of the latest changes in available technology and new habits of consumers of media content. The main source of information in the analytical part of the thesis are respondents from the ranks of Czech Radio workers. The thesis answers the question of how important role digital media play for Czech Radio and how the Department of New Media cooperates with radio journalists. It also focuses on new journalistic content and formats that are emerging in radio broadcast as a result of the expansion of new media. Last but not least, the...

This diploma thesis called ČT sport newsroom without an editor-in-chief. Where are its limits? focuses on the leadership of sports newsroom, which operated without editor-in-chief between the years 2013 and 2019. In January 2020 the sports department was reorganized thus there is the editor-in-chief at the head of the organization since then, who manages the organization in terms of journalism. The researcher paid attention to the analysis of both possible structures. In the theoretical part, the author describes possible organizational structures according to which the organization can be structured. She focuses on media routines and history and the presence of the sports newsroom, but she is mostly targeting the hierarchy of the department. The empirical part is based on 14 in-depth interviews with workers of the newsroom, who describe how the sports department works and point out the positives and negatives of the system. The research took place in two phases. The first one before the restructuring of the department, the second one a few months after. The result is, how the sports newsroom according to its employees worked in this kind of atypical structure.

The thesis provides an insight into corporate agenda-building process in the Czech media. Using the Czech division of Deloitte as an example, the thesis will demonstrate the common practices companies use to get their topics published in media, how they are successful and how they really influence the media agenda. To answer these questions, the thesis uses quantitative content analysis of 248 pieces of news from Mladá Fronta DNES, Hospodářšké noviny, Lidové noviny, Právo, television stations ČT24, Nova and Prima and also radio station Český rozhlas - Radiožurnál. Besides that, the thesis will provide an insight into the way journalists work with sources of information and their autoregulative techniques, as well as into the work of PR professionals, who are significant actors in the agenda-building process. The aim of this thesis is to introduce the corporate sphere as an influential actor in the agenda-building process and to uncover the influences journalists have to face in their work.

Detta arbete har tagit upp ämnen som rörelsemönster, resvanor samt olika reserutiner och hur de har, eller inte har, förändrats under pandemin och det har även diskuterats huruvida detta potentiellt har inneburit några lättnader i miljöpåverkan från denna sektor. Genom insamlad data som delgivits av kommunen och lokaltrafiken, samt en genomförd enkät, har det visat sig att det har skett omfattande förändringar i rörelsemönstren. Det handlar bland annat om att fordonstrafiken och användningen av kollektivtrafiken minskade kraftigt och andelen cyklister ökade, samt att den genomsnittliga körsträckan per vecka per person nästintill halverades och likaså sågs en påtaglig skillnad i antalet flygresor genomförda under pandemin. Slutligen diskuteras framtiden efter Covid-19 när restriktioner och liknande tagits bort, och även om det är svårt, om inte omöjligt, att sia och diskutera framtiden baserat på data har pandemin troligen haft en mer bestående påverkan hos flera personer än hos andra, där det snarare istället finns en hunger och nästan ingen rädsla alls förknippad med att gå tillbaka till ”gamla vanor”. Vidare studier behövs för att kunna dra några slutsatser om långtidseffekter. / This project addresses subjects such as movement- and travel patterns, routines in travel and traveling behavior, with the aim of investigating and determining whether or not there has been a change in these during the pandemic due to restrictions and also if this may or may not have meant any reliefs in environmental impact. Through collected data given in a collaboration by the local municipality offices and local public transport company, and also by performing a survey, it has been shown that there have been comprehensive changes in peoples movement- and travel patterns and ways of traveling. It includes among other things that the vehicle traffic amount has reduced, and the use of public transport has been considerably reduced followed by an increase in traveling by bike. In total the average travel distance by car per person and week reduced by almost 50 percent and also air travel saw a heavily decrease in use during the pandemic. Lastly the future after the Covid-19-pandemic when restrictions and such are going to be removed where discussed and also issued in the survey. Even if it is hard, almost impossible, to prophesy or predict the future based of collected data it has been shown through the respondent’s answers and motivations in the matter that the pandemic most likely has affected people with a more lasting impact that will partly carry on for some time after the pandemics end. That does not imply on all people, some are very eager and express a hunger to go back to “old routines” and travel more. Further research has to be done to conclude any longtime affects.

Bakgrund:Innebörden av multiresistenta bakterier beskrivs samt de vanligaste orsaker till smittspridning inom sluten vården. Sjuksköterskans har ett ansvar i sin roll gällande vårdmiljö, omvårdnad och teamarbete för att förhindra spridning av multiresistenta bakterier där en stor vikt ligger i de basala hygienrutinerna. Upplevelsen hos patienter som bär på en smitta samt vårdpersonalens uppfattning av att vårda patienter med bekräftad smitta lyfts.Syfte:Syftet är att beskriva sjuksköterskans arbete för att begränsa och förebygga smittspridning av MRSA inom slutenvården.Metod:Arbetet har utförts som en litteraturöversikt innehållande 15 vetenskapliga artiklar varav sex kvantitativa artiklar och nio kvalitativa artiklar.Resultat:Ett tema som är kopplat till de flesta delar i resultatet är goda basala hygienrutiner, och att vikten av en följsamhet till det är av stor betydelse för att förhindra smittspridningen. Det finns behov av mer kunskap som krävs för att en god och säkervård ska vara möjligt hos vårdpersonal och för att kunna arbeta förebyggande för smittspridning.Slutsats:Det visade sig i litteraturöversikten att det finns en stor okunskap hos vårdpersonalen gällande MRSA, smittvägar och rutiner kring vård av patienter som är bärare av MRSA.Dessa patienter behöver få rätt kunskap för att kunna förhindra smitta. Tydliga rutiner, utbildningar och bredare kunskap inom ämnet behövs hos vårdpersonalen. Det kan vara aktuellt att lyfta ämnet inom samtliga vårdavdelningar och ge interna utbildningar så att vårdpersonal ges möjlighet till rätt kunskap för att kunna ge en säker vård och även känna sig trygga i vårdandet av patienter med MRSA. / Background:The meaning of multi-resistant bacteria is described as well as the most common causes of infection in inpatient care. The nurse has a responsibility in the role regarding the care environment, nursing and teamwork to prevent the spread of multi-resistant bacteria where a great importance lies in the basic hygiene routines. The experience of patients carrying an infection and the care staff's perception of caring for patients with confirmed infection is raised.Aim:The purpose is to describe the nurse's work to limit and prevent the spread of MRSA in inpatient care.Method:This literature review was based on 15 scientific articles, of which six are quantitative articles and nine qualitative articles.Results:A theme that is linked to most parts of the result is good basic hygiene routines, and that the importance of compliance with it is of great importance to prevent the spread of infection. There is a need for more knowledge that is required for good and safe care to be possible with healthcare staff and to be able to work preventively for the spread of infection.Conclusion:The literature review show a lack of knowledge among healthcare professionals regarding MRSA, spread of infection and routines regarding care of patients carrying MRSA. These patients need correct information and knowledge to be able to prevent infection. Clear routines, training and broader knowledge in the subject are needed among the care staff. It may be relevant to raise the topic in all care departments and provide internal training so that care staff are given the opportunity for the right knowledge to be able to provide safe care and feel safe in the care of patients with MRSA.

This study deals with aspects of the everyday social reality of the forced community in the Terezin ghetto in 1941-1945. It is a microsociological introspection of the life of the prisoners that lived in the ghetto. It aims to define social factors that influenced the lives of people that were stigmatized, fought for their lives and lived in border-line situations. The research part of the study uses biographical method. It uses 10 recorded testimonials of survivors - former Terezin prisoners. The research was carried out by means of partly structured interviews. The questions dealt with internal and external factors that created the daily reality of this forced community. The aim was to map their subjective perception of life conditions, social ties, both negative and positive factors and further personal utterances of the narrators. The testimonies serve for better and deeper understanding of the Terezin reality. The factors that affected the community in a negative way included fear of the unknown, fear of loosing close friends and relatives, very bad life conditions that strongly affected the negative mind-set of people and loss of moral values. In contrast, the positive factors included culture and sports that were welcomed by the prisoners as they allowed them to shift aside gloomy thoughts....