Ancré dans une perspective historique, ce mémoire cherche à mettre en application une relecture de la théorie wébérienne de la « rationalisation éthique » comme facteur explicatif de la reconfiguration moderne du rapport entretenu entre les individus et la religion. Un retour sur les changements survenus dans la pensée religieuse de la Renaissance — pensée mise en contraste avec la situation religieuse des populations du Moyen-Âge — permet de mettre en évidence le passage d’une religion syncrétique, ritualiste et imprégnée de magie, à un christianisme épuré, intériorisé et rationnel. L’étude de la pensée religieuse de l’humaniste Érasme de Rotterdam, pris comme « figure historique » porteuse de cette transformation, pointe vers la diffusion à la Renaissance d’un christianisme compris comme système philosophique compréhensif dépouillé de son caractère mystique. Cette diffusion d’un « esprit » chrétien, et l’importance accordée à la mise en œuvre d’une conduite de vie méthodique spécifiquement orientée vers le salut, participe au premier chef d’un processus de « quotidianisation » du charisme religieux, prélude essentiel, dans une perspective wébérienne, à la « rationalisation éthique » et à l’autonomisation de la sphère religieuse dans la vie sociale. / By way of a historical perspective, this masters thesis aims to reconsider the weberian “ethical rationalization” theory as an explanatory factor for the modern transformation of the relationship between individuals and religion. Reviewing the changes in Renaissance religious thought—and contrasting it with the Medieval religious context—enables us to uncover a shift from a syncretic and ritualized religion that is filled with magical elements, towards an uncluttered, internalized and rational Christianity. The focus on Erasmus of Rotterdam’s religious humanist thought—considered here as a “historical figure” and carrier of these transformations—brings light on how Christianity was stripped of its mystical aspects and came to be understood as a comprehensive philosophical system. The dissemination of such a Christian “spirit”, as well as the importance granted to a methodical way of life specifically oriented towards salvation, play a key role in the appearance of a “quotidian ritualization” of religious charisma, which is in itself, according to Weber, an essential preliminary to an “ethical rationalization” and thus to the “autonomization” of the religious sphere in the social life.

L’objectif central du présent mémoire consiste à interroger les implications générales de l’interprétation taylorienne de la sécularisation, telle que déployée dans ‘A Secular Age’ (2007), pour la philosophie de la religion. Nous soutenons que l’approche herméneutique de notre auteur, reposant sur son anthropologie philosophique, a pour effet d’arrimer de façon indissociable et originale le problème de la sécularisation avec le questionnement philosophique sur la religion. À cet effet, nous présentons la critique du naturalisme déployée par Taylor ainsi que les grandes lignes de sa ‘dialectique’ afin de clarifier l’orientation générale de sa démarche. Nous passons ensuite à une analyse de son interprétation de la sécularisation ainsi que des implications de cette dernière pour les questions constitutives de la philosophie de la religion, touchant notamment la nature de la religion, le statut épistémologique des croyances religieuses, les rapports entre foi et raison ainsi que la relation entre la religion et la science moderne. Nous terminons sur un ton plus critique en interrogeant le ‘réalisme métaéthique’ de notre auteur et en soutenant que sa position pourrait constituer la base d’un ‘récit soustractif’ plus robuste et pénétrant. / The central aim of this work is to assess the most general implications of the interpretation of secularization by Charles Taylor, as it is deployed in ‘A Secular Age’ (2007), for the domain of philosophy of religion. We argue that the hermeneutical approach of Taylor, resting on his philosophical anthropology, binds together in an original and indivisible fashion the problem of secularization and the philosophical reflection on religion. To this effect, I describe his critique of naturalism and the broad lines of his ‘dialectic’ in order to clarify the general orientation of his work. I then move to an analysis of his interpretation of secularization and its implications for the constitutive questions in philosophy of religion, notably regarding the nature of religion, the epistemological status of religious beliefs, the relations between faith and reason as well as between religion and modern science. I conclude on a more critical note with an examination of the ‘metaethical realism’ of our author and by showing that his position might best be understood as the basis for a deepened and reinforced ‘subtraction story’.

Avhandlingen syftar till att jämföra och förstå variationen av historiebruk i samband med minnesfiranden av heliga Birgitta i Sverige och hellig Olav i Norge med fokus på olika aktörers motiv, resurser, budskap och identitetsskapande processer i en tid av modernisering och sekularisering. Under den katolska medeltiden var helgonfiranden vanliga, men de förbjöds i samband med reformationen. I slutet av 1800-talet, samtidigt med omvandligen av de båda länderna till moderna industri-samhällen, väcktes återigen intresset för dessa helgonfiranden. Det var bland annat liberala rörelser som brukade helgonen för att förankra de förändringsprocesser, som man ville göra, i historien. Heliga Birgitta användes i Sverige av kvinnorörelsen som en medeltida förebild i kampen för ökat inflytande i samhälle. Hellig Olav blev under samma tid i Norge en symbol för nationell självständighet i kampen för upplösning av unionen med Sverige. För den katolska kyrkan, som under 1800-talet åter fick verka i de båda protestantiska länderna, blev bruken av heliga Birgitta och hellig Olav en historisk länk till medeltidens kyrka och för att därigenom legitimera sin verksamhet, medan de lutherska kyrkorna tog avstånd från dessa firanden. I avhandlingen följs utvecklingen av dessa minnesfiranden i relation till samhällsförändringarna. På 1920-talet väcktes även de lutherska kyrkornas och det offentliga samhällets intresse för Birgitta- och Olavjubileer. Genom det ekumeniska genombrottet på 1970-talet och kyrkornas ökade engagemang i sociala och kulturella frågor efter Andra Vatikankonciliet blev jubileerna arenor då den ekumeniska gemenskapen och kulturella öppenheten synliggjordes vilket bidrog till att bredda intresset för dessa firanden. Detta förstärktes i tiden kring sekelskiftet 2000 samtidigt som engagemanget från det offent-liga samhället och kommersiella aktörer ökade. Författaren ser utvecklingen av dessa jubileer som uttryck för olika identitetsprocesser. Hellig Olavs roll som en nationell symbol har varit mycket tydlig medan heliga Birgitta framför allt symboli-serat Sveriges internationella roll. Orter som varit viktiga i helgonberättelserna har brukat helgontradi-tionerna i lokala identitetsprocesser vilket allt mer betonats genom turismens ökade betydelse. Jubile-erna har även öppnat för individuella identitetsprocesser med helgonen som religiösa förebilder. För kvinnorörelser har heliga Birgitta genomgående under åren framförts som en viktig förebild. I avhandlingen diskuteras även hur det ökade intresset för firanden av heliga Birgitta och hellig Olav förhåller sig till teorin om den ökade sekulariseringen i det moderna samhället. Med stöd av religionssociologisk forskning diskuteras detta samband. En religiös pluralism kan öka det religiösa utbudet och därmed även ”konsumtionen” av religion. Många kombinerar även det moderna samhällets rationalitet med irrationella föreställningar och upplevelser. / The aim of this thesis is to compare and understand the variations in the use of history in connection with the commemorations of S. Bridget and S. Olav while focussing on different participants’ motives, assets, messages and identity construction processes in an era of modernization and secularization. During the Catholic Middle Ages, celebrations of saints were common, but after the Reformation they were forbidden. At the end of the 19th century, parallel to the development of modern industrial societies in Sweden and Norway, a new interest in celebrating the national saints was aroused. It was mostly the liberal movements who made use of the saints in order to establish the changes they wanted to do in the past. S. Bridget was used by the women´s-rights movements as a role model from the middle ages in the struggle for more influence in society. In Norway, S. Olav was held up as a symbol for national independence in the struggle for the dissolution of the union with Sweden. For the Catho-lic Church, which was re-established in both countries in the 19th century, their use of S. Bridget and S. Olav became a historical link to the medieval church and as a means to authorize their activities. On the other hand, the Lutheran churches repudiated these celebrations of saints. This thesis follows the development of the commemorations in relation to the changes in the socie-ties. In the 1920s the Lutheran churches and the public bodies became interested and involved in cele-brating S. Bridget and S. Olav. After the radical change of the ecumenical climate in the 1970s and a stronger ecclesiastical engagement in the social and cultural life after the Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, the commemorations became arenas where the ecumenical fellowship and cultural openness were visible. These events also promoted a growing general interest in these celebrations. This was strengthened around the year 2000 and at the same time the engagement from the public bodies and commercial players increased. The author describes the development of these commemorations as expressions of different identity construction processes. S. Olav became a national symbol while S.Bridget became primarily a symbol for Sweden in the international community. Places with important roles in the stories about the saints have used the traditions in local identity processes. This has been increasingly emphasised because of the growing importance of tourism. The celebrations have also opened the possibility for individual identity processes with the saints as important models. For women´s-rights movements S. Bridget has been used as a strong ideal. The thesis also discusses how the growing interest for commemorating S. Bridget and S. Olav is linked to the theory of secularization of modern society. This connection is discussed in relation to research in the sociology of religion. Religious pluralism can increase the religious supply and thereby also the “consumption” of religion and many people seems to combine the rationality of the modern society with irrational ideas and experiences without difficulties.

Comment la catégorie «judéo-chrétienne», née dans l'exégèse allemande du début du XIXe siècle, a pu progressivement définir une morale, une tradition et même une «civilisation» dite «occidentale» dans l'entre-deux-guerres en Europe et aux États-Unis ? Nous tâchons de montrer que ces différentes notions sont issues d'un processus complexe de redéfinition des religions juive et chrétienne par l'État-nation, tout particulièrement au sein des nations française et américaine qui ont séparé les Églises de l'État et émancipé, pour la première fois, les juifs sur leurs continents respectifs. La morale ou la tradition judéo-chrétiennes ne sont pas forgées en réaction à un antisémitisme nazi qui nie la judéité de Jésus ou à un communisme soviétique qui se veut athée. Elles ne sont pas non plus le seul témoignage d'une réévaluation des sources juives du christianisme confinée au champ de la critique biblique. La catégorie « judéo-chrétien » signifie davantage que le terme d'«hébraïsme» ou que l'idée d'une tradition «juive et chrétienne». Le trait d'union renvoie, en France, à la construction d'une égalité institutionnelle entre le culte juif et les cultes chrétiens au regard de l'État et aux processus intellectuels et socioculturels qui l'accompagnent : la filiation entre judaïsme et christianisme antiques est redécouverte sous un prisme particulier qui vient rattacher les communautés religieuses aux valeurs de la France républicaine. L'histoire de la tradition judéo-chrétienne ouvre alors une perspective nouvelle sur la construction de la laïcité française et le processus de sécularisation sur les deux rives de l'Atlantique. / How has the category “Judeo-Christian”, born in the Protestant exegesis in 19th century Germany, been able to gradually define a tradition, and even a civilization called "western" during the interwar period in Europe and the United States? We try to show that these different notions are derived from a complex process of a redefinition of the Jewish and Christian religions by the Nation-State, particularly the French and American nations which have separated Church and State and emancipated Jews on both continents for the first time. The Judeo-Christian tradition has neither been forged out of a reaction to Nazi anti-Semitism which denies Jesus' Jewishness nor soviet atheistic communism. They are neither the only result of a re-evaluation of the Jewish sources of Christianity limited to the field of biblical criticism. "Judeo-Christian" means much more than the term “Hebraic” or the idea of a “Jewish and Christian tradition”. In France, this hyphenation refers to the construction of an institutional equality between the Synagogue and Christian churches and to intellectual and sociocultural processes that accompany them: the connection between antique Judaism and Christianity is rediscovered under a particular prism that reattaches both religious communities to the republican values of the French state. The history of the Judeo-Christian tradition therefore opens a new perspective on the construction of French secularism and the secularization process on both sides of the Atlantic.

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Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2017-02-14T18:25:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoGenciano.pdf: 1983379 bytes, checksum: ba27a07660883ff3727c63a7847ddc3d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-14T18:25:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoGenciano.pdf: 1983379 bytes, checksum: ba27a07660883ff3727c63a7847ddc3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The decision on the Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental (abbreviation ADPF, meaning Accusation of Breach of Fundamental Precept) No. 54, raised by the National Confederation of Healthcare Workers, issued in 04/12/2012, which concerned the decriminalization of therapeutic induction of early deliveries of anencephalic fetuses in Brazil, established jurisprudential paradigm on the matter and possible debates in which were present the issues on the concept of the sacredness of human life, human dignity or the intrinsic worth of human life. This present research aims to analyse the use of the concept of human life sacredness in political, legal, scientific and religious speeches during the course of the trial, thus aiming to identify how the concept is structured and how it was taken over by secular and religious discourses as the ADPF No. 54 unfolded. For that to be accomplished the analysis was performed of the overlapping elements involved, such as the issue of secularization and secularity (laicity), with their respective approaches to the status of religion in the public square, and how these relate with the crucial subject of human rights and the role of religion. Said analysis was followed by a survey of the formation and actualization of the idea of sacredness of the human life, and another analysis of the content on the material related to the mentioned ADPF: Judgment and transcripts of public hearings in which were promoted the discourses of interest to the present work. / O julgamento da Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental nº 54, suscitada pela Confederação Nacional dos Trabalhadores na Saúde, finalizado em 12/04/2012, que versou sobre a descriminalização da antecipação terapêutica do parto de fetos anencéfalos no Brasil, estabeleceu paradigma jurisprudencial para o tema e possibilitou debates nos quais estiveram presentes a temática relativa ao conceito de sacralidade da vida humana, dignidade humana ou valor intrínseco da vida humana. A pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar o uso do conceito de sacralidade da vida humana nos discursos políticos, jurídicos, científicos e religiosos havidos durante o desenrolar do julgamento, visando assim identificar como se estrutura o conceito e como foi apoderado pelos discursos laicos e religiosos quando do julgamento da ADPF n. 54. Para tanto se efetua a análise de elementos imbricados na questão, como a temática da secularização e da laicidade, com a respectiva abordagem da condição da religião em espaços públicos, e destas com o assunto crucial dos direitos humanos e o papel da religião. Seguindo para o levantamento da formação e concretização da ideia de sacralidade da vida humana, e análise do conteúdo do material relacionado ao mencionado julgamento: Acórdão e transcrições das audiências públicas nas quais foram promovidos os discursos que interessa averiguar.

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The Zittau people and their churches (approx. 1300-1600) The essay deals with the church history in the town of Zittau in Upper Lusatia, today's federal state of Saxony, Germany, in late Middle Ages and Early Modern Era. The main focus of the work was to illustrate the changes of religious institutions and benefactions throughout the era. Most importantly, we dealt with the fate of mostly medieval benefactions during reformation, which established a cultural break point in the given region. We analysed a broad spectrum of benefactions, ranging from small ones (masses, alms etc.) to more complex ones (monasteries, hospitals, church fabric etc.). The essay consists of three sections. The first section is dedicated to Middle Ages and it focuses on ancient history, i. e. the starting point from which the religious benefactions entered the reformation era. The second section focuses on the town of Zittau in the era of reformation and on the process of validation of the new denomination. We specifically focus on the end of four monasteries' benefactions in the course of 16th century, taken over by the Zittau city council. The third section deals with the fate of another general benefaction, i. e. the church fabric of Zitttau parish church, which, unlike the monasteries, successfully survived the...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:19:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JWSANTOS.pdf: 591174 bytes, checksum: 3059bf91ca407ee0cddf46e5cec7ce60 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The purpose of this research is to discuss the religious transit as a social action that can only be understood from a set of social and political conditions that influence the contemporary religious behavior. The main objective is to analyze the motivations for the practice of the evangelical religious transit without religion in the context of evangelical churches , in order to understand the emergence of a new subject of faith that chooses to break with the institutional faith , without being necessarily an atheist . What motivates this person to profess a faith not affiliated with any religious institution is the key issue of this work , which is divided into three chapters . At first, we analyze the set of transformations that legitimize the behavior of transitions between the various religious ties , even go without bond. In the second , we try to define who are without religion and where they travel. And third , we discuss the key issue of this work . What motivates the Gospel to unlink , ie without an evangelical church? / A proposta desta pesquisa é discutir o trânsito religioso enquanto uma ação social que só pode ser compreendida a partir de um conjunto de condições sociais e políticas que influenciam o comportamento religioso contemporâneo. O objetivo principal é analisar as motivações para a prática do trânsito religioso dos evangélicos sem religião, no contexto das igrejas evangélicas, com a finalidade de entender o surgimento de um novo sujeito da fé que escolhe romper com a fé institucional, sem ser, necessariamente, um ateu. O que motiva este sujeito a professar uma fé sem vínculo com qualquer instituição religiosa é a questão fundamental deste trabalho, que se divide em três capítulos. No primeiro, analisamos o conjunto de transformações que legitimam o comportamento de transitar entre os vários vínculos religiosos, inclusive ficar sem vínculo. No Segundo, tentamos definir quem são os sem religião e por onde transitam. E no terceiro, discutimos a questão fundamental deste trabalho. O que motiva o evangélico a se desvincular, ou seja, ser um evangélico sem igreja?

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:20:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lilian Laurencia.pdf: 1045020 bytes, checksum: 753d57454890a6c14fc3cc8670bc0bed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This thesis analyses the way used by the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus IURD) to set the image of its bishops, pastors and workers, that s to say, the personal marketing (MP). Religious agents, through this mean, improve their symbolic interaction among leaders and members, and attract people to the sanctuaries. Aiming the communication of its speeches of prosperity, the IURD uses several procedures related to the techniques of personal marketing and sophistication of the visual appearance of its leaders. That is one of the reasons why this church has been chosen as focal point of our research. We believe that the IURD uses the sophisticated visual appearance of its leaders as a way of gathering people. It was possible to realize that MP is an important tool for the consolidation and expansion of this institution in the religious market. The kind of personal image highlighted here comes out from the imagination of the principal leader of the church, Bishop Edir Bezerra Macedo. Through this image, leaders are marked, or stigmatized, with an aesthetic profile of success. As methodology to the investigation we used the following: analysis of the marketing of bishops, pastors and workers, as it is presented on the Folha Universal; analysis of several programs transmitted on TV Record, which we recorded to facilitate the research; and the participation, as observer, in several worship services celebrated in different congregations. We could verify the interfaces of a good image produced throughout corporal techniques, clothes and accessories. Due to this sort of image, leaders play successfully their performances, either on television or in the sanctuaries.(AU) / Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a forma de construção da imagem dos bispos, pastores, obreiros e obreiras da Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus (IURD), por meio da ferramenta de marketing pessoal (MP). A utilização do MP por tais agentes religiosos é uma maneira de melhorar a interação simbólica entre líderes e fiéis e atrair o público para os templos. A IURD foi escolhida para esta análise por usar de vários procedimentos que estão relacionados com as técnicas de MP, no sentido de sofisticar a aparência visual de sua liderança, a fim de representar um discurso de prosperidade disseminado pela instituição. Cremos que é dessa forma que a IURD atrai o público por meio da imagem criada dos líderes, mediante uma aparência visual sofisticada. Na pesquisa dessa Igreja, encontramos que a ferramenta de MP usada pelos seus membros hierárquicos contribui para o crescimento e a consolidação desse empreendimento no mercado religioso. A construção da imagem que estamos tratando é planejada a partir da matriz imagética do líder principal da Igreja Universal, Edir Bezerra Macedo. Por meio da imagem central do bispo Macedo é que a liderança é marcada ou estigmatizada com um perfil estético respaldado por uma noção de sucesso. Utilizamos a pesquisa bibliográfica e observação participante como método de pesquisa e ainda, pesquisamos o jornal Folha Universal e averiguamos alguns programas televisivos exibidos na TV Record, analisando o marketing pessoal da liderança em questão. Assim, verificamos que as interfaces de presentação da boa imagem produzida por meio de técnicas corporais, roupas e acessórios, favorece a representação desses líderes nos seus principais canais de comunicação, templos e televisão.(AU)