Every year a hundreds of new Estate agents is examined, and new agency comes to, which increase the competition for estate agents. Property sellers have the option to choose the estate agent which they think is the best one that will best mediate their property at a flexible and a correct way. It has been common that property sellers choose and compare estate agents in the city, the competition is today equal outside the city as in the city. Possibly, these are other criteria that values higher in the city as outside the city. I wonder therefore what factors are important and crucial in the choice of estate agents in Nacka Municipality. The studies intentions is to give the public a better understanding of which criteria consider to be important when it comes to the choice of estate agents. The study is based on survey examination, made in Nacka municipality, and an interview with a real estate agent working in the Nacka municipality. The theory was based on previous studies in the area but also on the selling decision process and service quality in service. The criteria that were important for sellers was, that the object was advertised on Internet, that the estate agent is well-versed in the district, the estate agent's behavior, that the real estate enterprise is comprehended as reliable and serious and personal chemistry with the estate agent. A top decisive criterion for the choice of estate agents was that the real estate agent was well-versed in the district. / Varje år examineras flera hundra nya mäklare och nya mäklarkontor kommer till, vilket ökar konkurrensen för fastighetsmäklarna. Bostadssäljarna har valmöjligheten att välja den fastighetsmäklare som de tycker är bäst som bäst kommer förmedla deras bostad på ett smidigt och korrekt sätt. Det har varit vanligt med att bostadsäljare väljer och jämför fastighetsmäklare i innerstan, konkurrensen är idag lika stor utanför innerstan. Möjligen rör det sig om andra kriterier man värdesätter högre i innerstan såsom utanför innerstan. Jag frågar mig därför vilka faktorer som är viktiga och avgörande vid valet av fastighetsmäklare i Nacka kommun? Avsikten med studien är att ge allmänheten en ökad kunskap om vilka kriterier bostadssäljare anser vara viktiga när det kommer till val av fastighetsmäklare vid en bostadsförsäljning. Studien baseras på enkätundersökningar, gjorda i Nacka kommun samt intervju med en fastighetsmäklare som arbetar inom Nacka kommun. Teorin grundades på tidigare studier i området men även på säljbeslutsprocessen och servicekvalitet inom tjänsteföretag. De kriterier som var betydande för bostadssäljarna var, Att objektet annonseras på Internet, Att fastighetsmäklaren är väl insatt i området, fastighetsmäklarens beteende, att fastighetsmäklarföretaget uppfattas som pålitliga och seriösa samt personkemi med fastighetsmäklaren. De högst avgörande kriterierna vid valet av fastighetsmäklare var att fastighetsmäklaren var väl insatt i området.

The relationship between editorial and advertising departments in the written press has always been under discussion. There have been incidents, in the past, where advertisers have tried to exert influence over editorial material. In the pursuit of avoiding this, the journalistic professional identity relies heavily on independency. There is something that distinguishes the difference between the department of advertising and the editorial office, a kind of "invisible wall", one might call it. The editorial part of a newspaper work with journalism, while the advertising department is working with finances, and, according to journalistic principles, the two should never meet. In this study we have investigated the relationship between the advertising department and the editorial office of local newspapers in Sweden. We have done this by making use of qualitative interviews with respondents from these workplaces, and then analyzed their responses with a vertical and horizontal analysis method. We could in our essay, to some extent, conclude that the "invisible wall" may well have changed in recent years. It was previously set in stone, in the form that the contact between the department of advertising and the editorial office was almost non-existent. Today it rather seems to be a question of smaller forms of cooperation. We came to the conclusion that the journalistic profession and the self-image seems to be somewhat unchanged, or at least similar, to what previous research have concluded. But the actual dialogue between the different departments have come to change a bit.

La consommation collaborative est souvent présentée comme la nouvelle économie du partage et prône l’usage vs la propriété. Il semble pourtant que certaines pratiques collaboratives soient sources d’hyperconsommation et encouragent au contraire le consumérisme. Dans le cadre de la présente recherche doctorale, nous cherchons à identifier et comprendre les modalités de la montée en compétences marchandes des consommateurs. Nous étudions ce processus à travers les dispositifssociotechniques dans le contexte de la consommation collaborative. Nos résultats révèlent que certaines pratiques collaboratives permettent l’expression de l’Homme-entrepreneur et alimentent la logique néolibérale plutôt que de la remettre en question. Ils montrent également que les dispositifs sociotechniques sont omniprésents et capables de former en masse des consommateurs, les amenant àse conduire tels des conso-marchands au sein d’une hétérotopie « consumériste ». Notre travail souligne en outre que les conso-marchandes étudiées, dans la pratique du vide-dressing, développent certes leur entrepreneurialité mais veulent néanmoins préserv er un espace entre le jeu et le sérieux pour continuer à « jouer à la marchande ». / Collaborative consumption is often presented as the new economy of sharing and advocates usage vs. ownership. However, it seems that certain collaborative practices are sources of hyperconsumption and that they actually encourage consumerism. As part of this doctoral research, we seek to identify and understand the rise of commercial skills among consumers. We take a sociotechnical dispositives approach to study this process in the context of collaborative consumption. Our results demonstrate that certain collaborative practices allow the expression of the entrepreneurial subject and fuel the neoliberal logic rather than question it. They also show that socio-technical dispositives are omnipresent and capable of mass shaping consumers, leading them to behave like consumer-seller within a "consumerist" heterotopy. Furthermore, our results reveal how the consumersellers studied, in the context of a jumble sale, certainly develop their entrepreneurship but nevertheless want to preserve a certain distance between game and reality to continue to "play shop".

L’objectif de la thèse est de réévaluer de façon globale la pertinence et la cohérence de la construction légale et jurisprudentielle actuelle organisant les recours dans les chaînes translatives de propriété. En dépit de contributions doctrinales nombreuses, les solutions se sont accumulées sans que leur articulation soit précisément examinée. L’enjeu de cet examen est d’autant plus important que le contexte général a changé (responsabilité du fait des produits, remise en cause des actions contractuelles, projets de réforme du droit de la responsabilité). L’étude est organisée autour de deux types de dommages : le dommage strictement contractuel et le dommage non strictement contractuel. La première partie évalue le droit positif et ses incertitudes (fondement de l’action directe, opposabilité des clauses de responsabilité au sous-acquéreur, recours en contribution etc.), au regard du manquement strictement contractuel (atteinte à l’utilité du contrat). La seconde partie permet de mettre en lumière les difficultés d’articulation des diverses actions désignées pour réparer le dommage non strictement contractuel, ces difficultés nous conduisant à nous interroger sur la nature de la responsabilité qui doit présider, dans les chaînes translatives de propriété, à la réparation des atteintes au contractant. L’ensemble de ces questions permet enfin d’identifier les grands critères et les logiques communes de répartition des responsabilités dans les chaînes translatives de propriété. / The purpose of this thesis is to reexamine on a global scale the adequacy and consistency of the current jurisprudential and legal framework related to the contract chains’ liability cases. Despite a large number of doctrinal contributions, the solutions have indeed been aggregated without any underlying logical implication being further investigated. This type of considerations is becoming all the more impactful that the legal environment has evolved. The goal of the first part is to assess the current state of the law and its uncertainties (the direct action ground, enforceability of limitation clause to consumer, contribution to the debt among co-debtors) when it comes to the pure contractual injury, that is when the usefulness of the contract is to be jeopardized. The second part is focuses on how it is hard to articulate the different actions in order to repair non-pure contractual injury. The assessment of those difficulties will bring us to wonder which nature of liability should prevail to repair injuries within property chains. Finally, answering those questions will lead us to identify the major criteria and the common rationales used to spread liability within property chains.

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Many people still confused and misunderstand the differences between auction types: In fact, we have only two major types of auctions which are the forward auction and Reverse auction[22]. In a forward auction a single seller offers an item for sale with many competitive buyers driving the price upward: In a Reverse Auction, a single buyer wants to purchase a service or an item from many sellers, they drive the price downward: There are many differences between these type of auction: Including the progress of the auctions; winner selection criterion and other factors: The Reverse Auction nowadays is one of the most preferred types of online auctions: It gains popularity rapidly because of representing the buyers' side and helps him to drive prices down in contrary with the forward auction or traditional auction. The aim of this study is to identify the most common types of the Reverse auctions and compare them to one another to determine when should be used by a buyer and propose the most efficient implementation model for some types: The results of this study are: achieve a written report and a small demonstrator model on how to implement English Auction and Second-Sealed bid Auction.

Magister Legum - LLM / South Africa

This thesis is focused on tax field concerning real property trading. Firstly basic terms and tax breakdown are described. Within the thesis tax impact will be comared by simulating different situations which may happen when buying, selling, rating or donation and inheritance of real estate brood over individuals and last but not leaf legal entities point of view.

Solicitud de embargo por publicación en revista indexada. / En la actualidad, las empresas buscan destacar cada vez más por la experiencia que brindan a sus consumidores dentro del punto de venta. Sin embargo, con la llegada del Covid-19, muchas compañías han realizado cambios en sus protocolos de atención a causa del cierre de establecimientos. Dentro de las categorías más afectadas se encuentra el rubro de cafeterías, en el cual se centra este estudio. Asimismo, la lógica de consumo ha cambiado, debido a que ya no se pueden tomar en cuenta las características físicas de un punto de venta y es importante conocer la relevancia de determinadas variables que sí pueden ser medias en la actualidad. Por lo tanto, la presente investigación midió la relación de las variables mencionadas en relación a la satisfacción de los consumidores en cafeterías de Lima Metropolitana. En cuanto a la metodología, se tomó como base a una muestra no probabilística de 616 hombres y mujeres de 18 a 35 años de edad, utilizando un cuestionario con escala de Likert de 7 puntos. El contacto con la población de estudio se dio a través de encuestas online en la plataforma Google Forms. La data se trabajó en el programa estadístico SPSS versión 23, aplicando una regresión lineal múltiple para confirmar posibles relaciones entre las variables. Así se logró hallar relaciones significativas entre las variables mencionadas con la satisfacción, siendo el servicio del vendedor la variable con un índice mayor en el desarrollo de la investigación. Estos resultados aportan a que las empresas del rubro puedan manejar eficientemente su presupuesto, en cuanto a esfuerzos de marketing, para lograr centrarse en variables que sean valoradas por su público objetivo. / Nowadays, companies seek to stand out more and more for the experience they provide to their consumers within the point of sale. However, with the arrival of Covid-19, many companies have made changes to their care protocols due to the closure of establishments. Among the most affected categories is the category of coffee shops, on which this study focuses. Likewise, the logic of consumption has changed, because the physical characteristics of a point of sale can no longer be taken into account and it is important to know the relevance of certain variables that can be media today. Therefore, this research measured the relationship of the mentioned variables described in relation to consumer satisfaction in coffee shops in Metropolitan Lima. Regarding the methodology, a non-probabilistic sample of 616 men and women between 18 and 35 years of age was taken as a basis, using a questionnaire with a 7-point Likert scale. Contact with the study population took place through online surveys on the Google Forms platform. The data was worked on in the statistical program SPSS version 23, applying a multiple linear regression to confirm the possible relationships between the variables. Thus, it was possible to find significant relationships between the mentioned variables and satisfaction, the seller's service being the variable with a higher index in the development of the research. These results contribute to the fact that companies in the field can efficiently manage their budget, in terms of marketing efforts, to be able to focus on variables that are valued by their target audience. / Tesis / PE