This study scrutinizes the drug-terrorism nexus critically with intent to conceive possible remedies for the problem. The vast turnover of the global illicit drug industry constitutes the largest portion of organized crime enterprises' income. Different circles have argued that these enterprises are not the sole actors of the drug business, but terrorist groups, whose ultimate aim is a political change rather than financial strength, also profit from the “business.” The controversial nature of the problem fuelled heated debates and requires an in depth and impartial analysis, which was the main subject of the current study. At the first stage, three different cases, the PKK, the LTTE, and the SL, were studied either to prove or deny the alleged phenomenon. The sampled groups' ideology, structure, and operations helped understand the motives pushing the organizations into the ‘business.' Subsequently, several recommendations capturing vital issues both in countering terrorism and breaking terrorism-drugs link were spelled out.

This study was a qualitative examination of social, economic, political, and cultural dilemmas that face Peruvian survivors of the Communist Shining Path Revolution, an internal armed conflict that cut a swath of terror and destruction during the years 1980-2000, with a reported loss of 69,000 residents either killed or considered “disappeared.” The conflict affected primarily poor, uneducated Andean campesinos and townspeople in the highland areas of the Ayacucho District. In this study, I looked closely at the responsibilities of both government and NGOs in the facilitation of readjustment during and after times of instability. In addition, specific challenges the elderly, women and campesinos face in a post-conflict world are analyzed and possible social policies are discerned that might be developed to better implement the transition to a new form of community. Ideas that emerged from this research may assist policy shapers in other less developed countries involved in similar conflicts by examining how Peru dealt with its own issues. Methodology included participant observation and interviews with long-term Ayacuchan residents who stayed-in-place during war time, along with migrants who went to live in shantytowns in more urban areas. The government-mandated Truth and Reconciliation Commission report serves as a framework as it outlined those ultimately deemed responsible and detailed what those affected may expect in the way of appropriate reparations and compensation in the future. Much emphasis is given to the emerging role of women and how ensuing shifts of gender specific cultural roles may affect familial and communal bonds in small-scale societies.

本論文旨在討論內戰持續性的差異是否可以以其政治轉型解釋？也就是說，作者欲探討為何有些內戰較短、有些內戰較長？是否有關鍵因素導致內戰持續性之差別。目前學術研究多著重於以非政治因素（經濟因素）解釋內戰延續性問題，但筆者認為政治制度相對於其他因素（經濟、社會制度）是最能解釋內戰持續性差異之自變數，並提出本文核心假設－「內戰隨著政體的民主深化而縮短。」，其主因有三：（一）生活於民主政權下的人民，政治壓迫感較小（二）民主促進社會的重新分配（Redistributive）消弭國內之不平等狀況；（三）民主政府能透過稅收進行公共財的施放或公共服務滿足人民。 本文之研究方法以質性分析法的個案研究法為主，以南美洲作為研究對象而不以內戰發生最頻繁的非洲為研究對象，乃因2016年11月13日哥倫比亞政府正式與左翼武裝「哥倫比亞革命軍」（FARC）簽署修正版和平協議，結束長達半世紀的敵對狀態，引發作者對南美洲內戰延續性之研究興趣。經過最大相似法篩選後，作者以哥倫比亞與哥倫比亞革命軍和秘魯與光明之路的內戰作為個案案例，透過個案研究法，本文研究發現符合筆者之核心假設。筆者認為本文之內戰研究發現提供受內戰影響之國際社會、國家有關政治制度面之政策方向－即民主深化對於一國內戰延續性之影響力。

Este trabajo de investigación se centra en un análisis descriptivo de la narrativa audiovisual cinematográfica de una película a partir de hechos reales relacionados con el Conflicto Armado Interno que vivió el Perú entre los años 80 y 90, que dejó cerca de 69 mil muertos. El nombre del largometraje es el siguiente: “La hora final” (2017), el cual aborda el proceso de investigación policial y captura del líder de Sendero Luminoso, Abimael Guzmán. El eje central de investigación del trabajo es la identificación y análisis de los elementos de la película en cuestión en términos narrativos para determinar la forma en que se construye a partir de la ficción la memoria de hechos históricos relevantes para la historia del Perú. El presente trabajo propone un estudio cualitativo desde el paradigma interpretativo, se aplicará una guía de análisis de contenido a 9 escenas que han sido seleccionadas por su aporte a la narrativa del largometraje. / This research work focuses on a descriptive analysis of the cinematographic audiovisual narrative of a film based on real events related to the Internal Armed Conflict that Peru experienced between the 80s and 90s, which left about 69 thousand dead. The substitute for the feature film is the following: “La hora final” (2017), which deals with the processes of police investigation and capture of the Shining Path leader, Abimael Guzmán. The central research axis of the work is the identification and analysis of the elements of the film in question in narrative terms to determine the way in which the memory of historical events relevant to the history of Peru is constructed from fiction. The qualitative approach study proposes a qualitative study from the interpretive paradigm, a content analysis guide will be applied to 9 scenes that have been selected for their contribution to the narrative of the feature film. / Trabajo de investigación

En los últimos años, el grado de popularidad de la organización política MOVADEF se ha incrementado considerablemente. Según las investigaciones por parte de la DIRCOTE PNP el grupo MOVADEF funciona como el brazo político de la organización terrorista Sendero Luminoso. Siendo el grupo Sendero Luminoso probablemente la más grande amenaza para el Estado peruano y la época de paz que se ha vivido en las últimas décadas, resulta imperativo una rápida intervención por parte de las autoridades involucradas para desarticular este grupo. Debido a diversos factores que, el MOVADEF ha comenzado a amasar seguidores particularmente en las zonas más pobres del país, a través de sus organismos generados y bases partidarias, argumentando que traerán al Perú la justicia social que el Estado peruano les ha negado. Con este fin, la organización se ha dedicado a la captación y adoctrinamiento de nuevos miembros, particularmente personas jóvenes en edad escolar. La falta de conocimientos acerca de temas relacionados a la época del terrorismo los convierte en el público objetivo de estos elementos subversivos. El negocio consiste en dos proyectos de un relativo bajo costo que servirán para informar a los alumnos de educación secundaria en diversos colegios de Comas acerca de en qué consistió la época del terrorismo en el Perú y advertirles de los grupos subversivos que buscan captarlos, adoctrinarlos y reclutarlos. Estos proyectos consisten en la creación de una red social efectiva y la producción de charlas realizadas por especialistas en los temas en cuestión. Sendero Luminoso fue la organización terrorista más violenta en la historia del Perú republicano e, incluso décadas después de su derrota a manos del GEIN, las cicatrices que esta organización ha dejado en la nación se pueden sentir. El alza al poder del grupo terrorista implicó la pérdida de miles de vidas humanas y millones de dólares que dejaron al Perú en una crisis social y financiera. / In the last couple of years, the popularity of the political organization called MOVADEF has been increasing at an alarming rate. As seen in the investigations done by DIRCOTE PNP the group MOVADEF works as the political ally of the terrorist organization Sendero Luminoso. As of the current times, Sendero Luminoso is probably the largest threat for the peruvian government and the peace that has been enjoying for the last couple of decades. Because of this, it’s extremely important a fast and effective intervention from the responsible authorities in order to extinguish the terrorist group and all his remnants. Because of manye factors, MOVADEF has begun to get an important number of followers across the country, with the narrative of social justice and the benefits that the peruvian government has denied to the poor. To enhance their numbers, MOVADEF is currently in the process of recruiting new members, particularly young ones of middle school age. The lack of knowledge about the terrorism age makes this group of teenage boys and girls an easy target for terrorist organization. The current thesis consists in two low costing projects that will serve to educate the middle schoolers on several schools all across the district of Comas about the terrorist groups that are trying to recruit and use them. These projects consist on the creation of a social media presence that can educate the students as well as specialized expositions led by academic experts. Sendero Luminoso was the most violent organization on the history of Peru and, even decades later, the scars that this organization left in the country can be felt. The rise of another similar terrorist group implies the lost of thousands of lives and millions of dollars.

This dissertation is a study of the role of Gustavo Gutiérrez as a public pastor in the 1980s and 1990s in Peru. His collaboration with the Lima newspaper La República from the early 1980s gave him a figurative pulpit from which he addressed the Peruvian public on specific occasions. The fundamental question in the dissertation is: How did Gutiérrez respond as pastor to the Peruvian public and how did he express his pastoral concern? The study analyses materials that has not been object for previous studies, such as theological essays and articles in newspapers and periodicals. With inspiration from discourse analysis four discourses have been identified in Gutiérrez’ texts.  These discourses interact and through this interaction Gutiérrez formulates his pastoral message. For the socio-political analysis two political discourses are used, the radical and the liberal. The radical political discourse deals with justice for the poor and liberation from oppression as a condition for peace and harmony in society, which are in focus for the liberal political discourse. With the Catholic theological discourse Gutiérrez sets the socio-political analysis in relation to Catholic doctrine and through the pastoral theological discourse he gives reason for hope and inspiration to action. As an advocate for a theology of life, Gutiérrez urges those who read and listen to him to break the pattern of death and opt for this theology of life. In his role as pastor, Gutiérrez speaks words of comfort and encouragement but also words of admonition and warning to those in power who have the capacity to transform society.