O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o processo de aquisição de anticorpos em cordeiros recém-nascidos aleitados com colostro bovino e ovino, bem como a taxa de proliferação celular no epitélio intestinal. Este estudo contribui com informações sobre a aquisição de imunidade passiva nesta espécie, com o conhecimento do desenvolvimento e maturação do trato gastrintestinal no período neonatal, e para a avaliação de uma alternativa de manejo de colostro para estes pequenos ruminantes. Foram utilizados 30 cordeiros recém-nascidos. Às 0 e 6 horas de vida, 12 animais receberam 250 mL de colostro bovino (grupo CB) e outros 12 animais receberam 250 mL de colostro ovino (grupo CO). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas às 0, 6, 24, e 72 horas de vida para quantificação de imunoglobulina G (IgG) e proteína total sérica (PT). Seis animais foram sacrificados aleatoriamente, logo após o nascimento, sem ingestão de colostro, constituindo o grupo controle. Os demais grupos foram abatido às 24 e 72 horas. Amostras do intestino delgado foram coletadas para a quantificação da taxa de divisão celular nas criptas intestinais. O delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente casualizado, sendo as variáveis séricas analisadas como medidas repetidas no tempo. Para a variável histológica foi considerado um arranjo fatorial 2 X 2 + 1, tendo como efeitos principais o colostro fornecido, as idades de abate e o grupo controle. As concentrações de IgG sérica às 6, 24 e 72 horas foram significativamente superiores para o grupo CB (16,58±6,19; 34,12±5,67 e 28,77±5,45 mg mL-1) comparado com CO (10,76±6,08, 20,77±6,53 e 20,25±7,3 mg mL-1). A eficiência aparente de absorção (EAA) da IgG mostrou-se inferior no grupo CB (15,06±4,97%) em relação aos animais do grupo CO (25,70±13,08%). O grupo CB apresentou às 24 e 72 horas maiores (P<0,05) valores de PT (7,29±0,87 e 6,89±0,30 g 100mL-1) em relação ao grupo CO (5,73±1,35 e 5,69±0,57 g 100mL-1). Ao nascimento, os animais apresentaram 32,52%, 45,47% e 30,60% de células em divisão para as regiões do duodeno, jejuno médio e íleo, respectivamente. Às 24 horas, os animais do grupo CO apresentaram menor (P<0,0001) porcentagem de células em mitose no duodeno (42,12%) e no íleo (35,66%) em relação aos animais CB, 46,44% e 39,74%, respectivamente. Às 72 horas, foi observada uma porcentagem menor (P<0,0001) de células em divisão nas criptas do duodeno dos animais CO (36,28%), comparados com o grupo CB (43,18%). Não foi observada diferença significativa entre os tratamentos na porcentagem de células mitóticas nas criptas do jejuno às 24 e 72 horas, bem como nas criptas do íleo às 72 horas (P>0,05). Independente do tratamento, o jejuno foi o segmento com maior (P<0,0001) porcentagem de células mitóticas em todos os períodos. Os valores superiores na taxa de divisão celular no grupo CB indicam que o colostro bovino, provavelmente pela elevada concentração de fatores bioativos e de anticorpos, influencia positivamente o processo de renovação epitelial e que o mesmo pode ser utilizado como fonte alternativa de IgG para cordeiros recém-nascidos. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibody acquisition mechanism in newborn lambs fed bovine or ovine colostrum as well as the cell proliferation rate in the intestine epithelium. This study contributes with information about passive immunity acquisition in this specie, with knowledge about development and maturation of the small ruminant intestine tract, and for the evaluations of colostrums management alternative to these small ruminant. Thirty newborn lambs were used. At 0 and 6 hours of life, 12 animals received 250 mL of bovine colostrum (BC group) and another 12 animals received 250 mL of ovine colostrum (OC group). Blood samples were collected at 0, 6, 24, e 72 hours of life for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and total serum protein (TP) quantification. Six animals were randomly slaughtered just after birth, without colostrum intake, constituting the control group. The other groups were randomly slaughtered at 24 and 72 hours. Samples of the small intestine were collected for quantification of cellular division rate in intestinal crypts. A completely randomized desining was used, with the serum variables analyzed as repeated measures on time. For the histological variable it was considered a 2 X 2 + 1 factorial arrangement, having as the main factors colostrum supply, slaughter date and the control group. The IgG serum concentration at 6, 24 and 72 hours were significantly higher for the BC group (16,58±6,19; 34,12±5,67 and 28,77±5,45 mg mL-1) compared with the OC group (10,76±6,08, 20,77±6,53 and 20,25±7,3 mg mL-1). The apparent efficiency of IgG absorption (AEA) were lower for the BC group (15,06±4,97%) in relation to the animals from the OC group (25,70±13,08%). The BC group showed at 24 and 72 hours higher (P<0,05) TP values (7,29±0,87 and 6,89±0,30 g 100mL-1) in relation to the OC group (5,73±1,35 and 5,69±0,57 g 100mL-1). At birth, the animals showed 32,52%, 45,47% and 30,60% cells in division for duodenum, jejunum and ileum, respectively. At 24 hours, the animals from the OC group showed lower (P<0,0001) percentage of cells in mitosis in the duodenum (42,12%) and ileum (35,66%) in relation to the BC animals, 46,44% and 39,74%, respectively. At 72 hours, it was observed lower percentage (P<0,0001) of cells in division in the duodenum crypts of the OC animals (36,28%) compared with the BC group (43,18%). It was not observed significantly difference between treatment in mitotic cell percentage of jejunum crypts at 24 and 72 hours as well as in ileum crypts at 72 hours. Independent of the treatment the jejunum was the segment with higher mitotic cells percentage in all periods. The highest values in cellular division rate in the BC group, probably due to high concentrations of bioactive factors and antibodies, indicates that bovine colostrum influences positively the epithelium renovation process and that it can be used as an alternative source of IgG for newborn lambs.

Foi avaliado o fornecimento do colostro bovino liofilizado como alternativa de fonte inicial de imunoglobulinas para caprinos recém-nascidos bem como as características histológicas, considerando avaliações histomorfométricas, estereológicas, imunohistoquímicas e o número de células caliciformes no epitélio intestinal destes animais. Foram utilizados dois grupos de 15 cabritos, que receberam 5% do peso vivo de colostro bovino liofilizado (CBL) ou colostro caprino (CC), com 55 mg/mL de imunoglobulina G, às 0, 7 e 14 horas de vida. Amostras do duodeno, jejuno médio e íleo foram coletadas às 18, 36 e 96 horas de vida para análises histológica e imunohistoquímica. Três animais foram sacrificados logo após o nascimento, constituindo o grupo zero hora. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, sendo as variáveis morfométricas consideradas em arranjo fatorial 2x3+1, tendo como efeitos principais os dois tipos de colostro, os três horários de abate e o grupo zero hora. A concentração de IGF-I no colostro bovino liofilizado e colostro caprino foi de 158,71 e 356,32 ng/mL, respectivamente. A altura das vilosidades no jejuno mostrou-se superior (P<0,05), apresentando vilosidades 30,7% e 24,2% mais altas do que o duodeno e o íleo às 36h, respectivamente. O duodeno, às 18h, apresentou profundidade das criptas 48,4% maior que o jejuno e, às 96h as criptas duodenais mostraram-se 23,2% maiores que as criptas do íleo (P<0,05). No jejuno, as criptas apresentaram-se mais profundas às 96h (P<0,05) do que nos outros horários. A espessura da túnica muscular no jejuno apresentou-se mais espessa às 36 e 96h do que à zero h e mais espessa às 36h do que às 18h (P<0,05). No geral, jejuno e íleo, apresentaram túnica muscular menos espessa (P<0,05) que a encontrada no duodeno. Independente dos segmentos, às 96h a túnica muscular foi mais espessa que às 18h. O Vv da mucosa absortiva foi maior no jejuno, enquanto no íleo às 36h o Vv foi maior do que nos demais horários experimentais. Independente do segmento, às 36h o Vv foi 17,3% maior que às 96h. O número de células caliciformes no jejuno foi 78,6% menor às 18h (P<0,05) nos cabritos que ingeriram colostro caprino e 54,6% maior às 96h (P<0,05) nos animais que ingeriram colostro bovino liofilizado. Colostro bovino liofilizado pode ser utilizado como fonte de proteção passiva alternativa para os caprinos recémnascidos. O IGF-I presente no colostro não influenciou a morfometria entérica. O jejuno mostrou-se o segmento mais importante no processo absortivo de imunoglobulinas. A distribuição dos anticorpos internalizados pelo epitélio entérico mostrou-se relacionada aos segmentos do intestino e tempo de vida dos recém-nascidos, independente da fonte de anticorpos, bovina liofilizada ou caprina. / It was evaluated the supply of the lyophilized bovine colostrum as an alternative source of immunoglobulin for newborn goat kids and the histological characteristics, through histomorphometric, stereological, immunohistochemical evaluations and goblet cells number in the intestinal epithelium in this animals. Two groups of fifteen newborn goat kids received 5% of body weight of lyophilized bovine colostrum (LBC) or caprine colostrum (CC) with 55 mg/mL of immunoglobulin G at 0, 7 and 14 hr of life. Samples of duodenum, medium jejunum and ileum were collected at 18, 36 and 96 hr of life for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Three animals were sampled just after birth representing the zero hr group. A completely randomized designing was used, and the variable morphometric was considered as 2x3+1 factorial arrangement, having as the main factors colostrum supply, the three slaughter hours and the zero hr group. The IGF-I concentration in lyophilized bovine colostrum or caprine colostrum was 158,71 and 356,32 ng/mL, respectively. Villous height was superior in the jejunum (P<0.05) with villous 30.7% and 24.2% higher than duodenum and ileum at 36hr, respectively. The duodenum showed at 18hr crypts 48.4% deeper than in the jejunum and at 96hr, the duodenal crypts was 23.2% deeper than ileum crypts (P<0.05). In the jejunum, crypts were deeper at 96hr compared to the other experimental hours. The muscularis submucosal thickness in the jejunum was thicker at 36 and 96hr than zero hr and was thicker at 36hr than 18hr. Jejunum and ileum, in general thinner (P<0.05) tunica muscular layer than found in the duodenum. Regardless of the segments, at 96hr, the muscularis submucosal was thicker than 18hr. The absorptive mucosa partial volume (Vv) was higher in the jejunum, while in the ileum the Vv was higher at 36hr than all other experimental dates. Regardless of the segments, at 36hr, the Vv was 17.3% higher than at 96hr. The goblet cells number was different in jejunum with 78.6% less cells at 18hr (P<0.05) in the goat kids fed caprine colostrum and 54.6% higher at 96hr (P<0.05) in the goat kids fed lyophilized colostrum. Lyophilized bovine colostrum can be used as an alternative source of passive protection for the newborn kids. The IGF-I present in colostrum didnt influence the enteric morphology. The jejunal epithelium was the most important segment related to absorption process. The internalized antibody distribution in the enteric epithelium showed related to the small intestine segments and post-partum period, regardless of the antibodies source, lyophilized bovine or caprine.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Bedeutung von intraepithelialen Lymphozyten (IEL), oxidativem Streß und endogenen Schutzmechanismen bei GvHR, Dünndarmtransplantation, Sepsis, Morbus Crohn sowie intestinalem Ischämie/Reperfusionsschaden (I/RS) analysiert. Die Bestimmung der phänotypischen und funktionellen Charaktistika der IEL im Rahmen der o. g. Erkrankungen wies auf eine Selektion bestimmter T-Zell Subpopulationen in der Darmschleimhaut hin. Zusätzlich konnte gezeigt werden, daß IEL nicht nur als Effektorzellen zur mukosalen Barrierefunktion beitragen, sondern auch regulierende Funktionen bei weiteren Abwehrmechanismen der Darmschleimhaut, wie z.B. der NOS-2 Expression besitzen. Die Untersuchungen zum intestinalen I/RS zeigten eine Gewebeschädigung nicht nur im Darm sondern auch der Leber nach selektiver intestinaler Ischämie. Dabei konnte in beiden Organen oxidativer Streß als ein Faktor der Gewebeschädigung nachgewiesen werden. Bei der Modulation des I/RS durch Gabe von Zytokinen konnte eine Zunahme des I/RS durch Gabe von IL-10 und eine Abnahme des I/RS durch IL-2 erreicht werden. Der positive Effekt der IL-2 Gabe war von einer verstärkten und verlängerten NOS-2 mRNA Expression sowie einer gesteigerten NO-Freisetzung begleitet. Im Gegensatz dazu fehlte nach IL-10 Gabe die Zunahme der NOS-2 Epxression ebenso wie ein Anstieg der NO-Metabolite im Serum. Die verminderte NO-Produktion könnte somit den negativen Effekt des anti-inflammatorischen IL-10 auf den I/RS erklären. / In this study, the role of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) was analyzed in Graft-versus-Host disease, small bowel transplantation, sepsis and inflammatory bowel disease. Furthermore, the influence of oxidative stress and endogenous protective mechanisms on the development of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury was determined. The phenotypic and functional characteristics of IEL in these diseases indicated that only specific T-cell subsets selectively migrate and/or survive in the intestinal mucosa. In addition, it was demonstrated that IEL display several functions in the intestinal barrier system: they are cytolytic effector cells, but do also exert regulatory functions on the expression of mucosal host defense mechanisms such as NOS-2 expression. The investigations on intestinal ischemia / reperfusion injury revealed that selective intestinal ischemia induces tissue injury not only in the intestine, but in the liver as well. In both organs, oxidative stress plays a predominant role in the development of tissue destruction. Modulation of I/RS by administration of cytokines lead to increased tissue damage after IL-10 administration and reduced tissue injury after IL-2 administration. The beneficial effect of IL-2 may have been due to an increased NOS-2 mRNA expression and the subsequently increased NO production. In contrast, IL-10 administration failed to induce an increased NOS-2 mRNA expression or NO production in the intestine and liver.

The alpaca is a small South American camelid (SAC) that is an important production animal in Peru, especially among the highly impoverished communities of the high Andes, and raised for its fiber and meat. Alpacas are highly reliant on the microbes within their digestive tracts to digest the plant material they consume; volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are released as a byproduct of this microbial fermentation and used as a major source of energy by the alpaca. To explore optimal parameters for alpaca microbiome analysis, performed 16S rRNA gene surveys on alpaca C1 and fecal samples that had been extracted using one of three different DNA extraction methods (PowerFecal® DNA Isolation Kit (MO BIO); ZR Fecal DNA MiniPrep™ (Zymo); and a non-commercial extraction method called salting out) and amplified using one of two different polymerase enzyme mixes (AccuPrime™ Pfx SuperMix and 5 PRIME HotMasterMix). We found that choice of polymerase enzyme had a profound effect on the recovered microbiome, with the majority of 5 PRIME-amplified fecal samples failing to amplify. Extraction method had an effect on the recovered microbiome of fecal samples (but not C1 samples), with samples extracted using the MO BIO kit and the salting out method recovering different communities. The Zymo extraction kit returned microbial communities comparable to each of the other extraction methods. These results suggested that the AccuPrime enzyme and either the MO BIO or Zymo kits were optimal for alpaca gut microbiome analysis. We also performed two 16S rRNA gene surveys, the first from alpacas fed either a grass hay (GH) or alfalfa hay (AH) diet, and the second a C1 survey of alpacas fed two-week periods of mixed grass hay plus one of four supplements. We discovered body site and diet effects on the microbiota of alpacas fed either the GH or AH diet, with samples grouping by general body site (C1, small intestine, and distal intestine) and diet. However, we found no significant effect on the C1 microbiome of alpacas administered grain supplements. To study how energy extraction related to the microbiome, we correlated OTUs from GH/AH-fed alpaca with C1 VFA abundances. We discovered no significant correlations, and a 16S survey of low body condition (LBC) and good body condition (GBC) alpacas showed no difference in C1 microbial communities. We concluded that the microbiota of the alpaca digestive tract follow trends seen in microbiome studies of ruminants, but found no evidence of a relationship between body condition, energy extraction, and the C1 microbiome in alpacas.

Colon cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the US, yet small intestine cancer is a rare event. While there are many similarities between these two tissues, inherent differences such as redox status, may contribute to the variation in cancer occurrence. We examined the difference in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, antioxidant enzyme activity and oxidative DNA damage in the small and large intestine of rats under normal conditions and following exposure to exogenous oxidative stress. Basal ROS and antioxidant enzyme activities were greater in the colon than the small intestine, and the balance of ROS to antioxidant enzymes in the colon was more pro-oxidant than in the small intestine. During oxidative stress, ROS and oxidative DNA damage were greater in the colon than the small intestine. Thus the colon responds to oxidative stress less effectively than the small intestine, possibly contributing to increased cancer incidence at this site. We next wanted to understand how diets containing a combination of fish or corn oil and pectin or cellulose may alter the redox environment of the colon. ROS, oxidative DNA damage, antioxidant enzyme activity and apoptosis were measured in colonocytes of rats fed one of four diets containing either corn oil or fish oil and cellulose or pectin. Measurements were madein rats untreated with carcinogen and rats exposed to a chemical carcinogen and radiation. In rats not treated with a carcinogen, fish oil enhanced ROS, and fish oil/pectin suppressed antioxidant enzymes as compared to corn oil/cellulose. Oxidative DNA damage was inversely related to ROS in the fish oil/pectin diet and apoptosis was enhanced relative to other diets. In carcinogen treated and irradiated rats, a similar protective effect was seen with fish oil/pectin as evidenced by a reduction in oxidative DNA damage and enhancement of apoptosis. This suggests that a diet containing fish oil/pectin may protect against colon carcinogenesis by modulation of the redox environment to promote apoptosis and minimize oxidative DNA damage.

Colon cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the US, yet small intestine cancer is a rare event. While there are many similarities between these two tissues, inherent differences such as redox status, may contribute to the variation in cancer occurrence. We examined the difference in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, antioxidant enzyme activity and oxidative DNA damage in the small and large intestine of rats under normal conditions and following exposure to exogenous oxidative stress. Basal ROS and antioxidant enzyme activities were greater in the colon than the small intestine, and the balance of ROS to antioxidant enzymes in the colon was more pro-oxidant than in the small intestine. During oxidative stress, ROS and oxidative DNA damage were greater in the colon than the small intestine. Thus the colon responds to oxidative stress less effectively than the small intestine, possibly contributing to increased cancer incidence at this site. We next wanted to understand how diets containing a combination of fish or corn oil and pectin or cellulose may alter the redox environment of the colon. ROS, oxidative DNA damage, antioxidant enzyme activity and apoptosis were measured in colonocytes of rats fed one of four diets containing either corn oil or fish oil and cellulose or pectin. Measurements were madein rats untreated with carcinogen and rats exposed to a chemical carcinogen and radiation. In rats not treated with a carcinogen, fish oil enhanced ROS, and fish oil/pectin suppressed antioxidant enzymes as compared to corn oil/cellulose. Oxidative DNA damage was inversely related to ROS in the fish oil/pectin diet and apoptosis was enhanced relative to other diets. In carcinogen treated and irradiated rats, a similar protective effect was seen with fish oil/pectin as evidenced by a reduction in oxidative DNA damage and enhancement of apoptosis. This suggests that a diet containing fish oil/pectin may protect against colon carcinogenesis by modulation of the redox environment to promote apoptosis and minimize oxidative DNA damage.

Obesity is pandemic. Pharmacological treatment development depends on modeling the regulation of feeding, particularly by free fatty acids (FFA). Most models have been employed in the rat in vivo, and show FFA-stimulated intestinal satiety signals are dependent on the fat’s acyl chain-length, involve cholecystokinin (CCK) secretion, and are mediated by vagal afferents. I hypothesized that an in vitro mouse model could be employed, with sensitivity to measure afferent responses to nutrient stimuli. Male C57BL/6N mice were killed, the intestine harvested en bloc, and a jejunal section dissected with neurovascular mesenteric arcade emanating centrally. The tissue was placed in a Krebs-superfused chamber, the lumen cannulated with the outlet open to drain, and Krebs or other mediators were continuously perfused intraluminally. The dissected afferent nerve was placed in a suction electrode for extracellular recording. Afferent responses to distension and the perfusion of mediators (e.g. CCK or FFA) were tested. Preparations from normal mice (no surgery), or from mice following chronic subdiaphragmatic vagotomy or sham operation, were used to assess vagal afferent contributions. Luminally-perfused CCK (100 nM) increased afferent firing. This response was abolished with the CCK-1 receptor antagonist lorglumide (10 µM). The short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) sodium butyrate (30 mM) potentiated firing. The long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) sodium oleate (1-300 mM) activated concentration-dependent firing (EC50=25.35 mM) that was significantly greater at 30 mM than that evoked by butyrate. Lorglumide (30 µM) abolished the oleate (30 mM) response. The L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) inhibitor nicardipine (3 µM), intraluminally, potentiated the oleate response, while bath application abolished it. Vagotomy attenuated the oleate response. Vagotomy abolished the intraluminal CCK (100 nM) response, and attenuated the response to bath-superfused CCK. These findings support FFA chain-length-dependent mesenteric afferent activation and CCK involvement in oleate-induced firing, and suggest LTCC mediation of excitatory and inhibitory oleate response transduction pathways. The murine oleate response was shown to be mostly vagally-mediated, with some spinal contribution, and both vagal and spinal contributions to CCK responses were suggested. These data provide a basis for further investigation in vitro of cellular and molecular mechanisms of afferent satiety signals, and ultimately of obesity pathogenesis. / Thesis (Master, Physiology) -- Queen's University, 2010-06-29 15:56:08.387

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:57:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 alarcon_mff_me_jabo.pdf: 1406127 bytes, checksum: 842dbbaa540dbb4b860fec0374842606 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Foram avaliados parâmetros fisiológicos e imunológicos de matrizes de corte vacinadas ou não contra o vírus da bronquite infecciosa das galinhas (VBIG), submetidas a diferentes períodos de jejum após a eclosão, seguido de alimentação até a terceira semana de vida. No Capítulo 2, encontram-se os resultados do desempenho zootécnico e o desenvolvimento de órgãos gastrintestinais. No Capítulo 3, estão descritos os resultados de parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos. O Capítulo 4 apresenta as cinéticas de decaimento dos anticorpos maternos e os perfis cinéticos da reposta imune humoral nos compartimentos local e sistêmico. A vacina contra a BIG influenciou parâmetros de desempenho, de morfometria intestinal, o hematócrito, parâmetros bioquímicos, percentuais de heterófilos e linfócitos e induziu a resposta imune humoral na secreção lacrimal. O jejum pós-eclosão prolongado seguido de alimentação influenciou negativamente o desempenho, o desenvolvimento das vísceras gastrintestinais, as variáveis bioquímicas, imunológicas e a maioria das variáveis hematológicas. Os dados indicam que períodos de jejum pós-eclosão superiores a 48 h devem ser evitados, pois ao afetar negativamente parâmetros hematológicos, intestinais e imunológicos, podem comprometer o crescimento das matrizes e inferir negativamente sobre sua resposta imune. No entanto, o jejum moderado pode favorecer a resposta imune vacinal / Immunological and physiological parameters were evaluated in broiler breeder vaccinated or not against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), submitted to different periods of fasting post-hatching, followed by feed until the third week of life. In Chapter 2, are the results of zootechnical performance and development of gastrointestinal organs. The Chapter 3 describes the results of hematological and biochemical parameters of blood. Chapter 4 presents the kinetics of decay of maternal antibodies and the kinetic profiles of humoral immune response in local and systemic compartments. The IBV vaccine influenced parameters of performance, intestinal morphology, hematocrit, biochemical parameters, percentage of heterophils and lymphocytes, and induced humoral immune response in tear secretion. Prolonged fasting post-hatching, followed by feeding, negatively affected the performance, the development of gastrointestinal organs, biochemical variables, immunological and the most of hematological variables. The data indicate that periods of fasting post-hatching over 48 h should be avoided as they adversely affect the hematological, gastrointestinal and immunologic, may compromise the growth of broiler breeder and infer a negative effect on their immune response. However, moderate fasting can promote the immune response vaccine

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:10:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 barbosa_ra_me_rcla.pdf: 1782892 bytes, checksum: c33b7a80d34353572789d680df7e20ec (MD5) / O diabetes tipo I, causado pela destruição das células beta do pâncreas, promove alterações metabólicas que podem ser acompanhadas de prejuízos em órgãos e tecidos específicos. O intestino delgado é um órgão que apresenta uma série de alterações, principalmente de caráter morfológico e funcional. A atividade física regular por sua vez, pode contribuir para o controle desta situação, sendo um fator importante, já que grande parte da população mundial sofre com esta doença. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os aspectos morfológicos e histoquímicos do intestino delgado e a ultra-estrutura de células caliciformes de ratos diabéticos, a fim de se observar possíveis alterações causadas pela doença. Além disso, este trabalho buscou avaliar de que maneira o exercício físico pode interferir nestas modificações e contribuir para o controle do estado diabético. Neste estudo, ratos Wistar foram distribuídos em 4 grupos: controle sedentário (CS), controle treinado (CT), diabético sedentário (DS) e diabético treinado (DT). O diabetes foi induzido por aloxana monoidratada Sigma (35 mg/kg de peso corporal). Os grupos treinados realizaram um protocolo de exercícios físicos, que consistiu em natação com cargas acopladas ao corpo. Durante o período experimental, foram realizadas avaliações de peso corpóreo e ingestão hídrica e alimentar. Após o período experimental, o sangue dos animais foi coletado para análise de glicemia. Os intestinos delgados dos animais foram retirados, pesados e o comprimento foi medido. Amostras de duodeno, jejuno e íleo foram processadas e analisadas para a microscopia de luz e para a microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. O diabetes causou um aumento geral do intestino delgado, também devido à alteração de características histomorfométricas, tais como aumento de vilosidades e da espessura da camada mucosa... / Type I diabetes, caused by pancreatic beta cells destruction, promotes metabolic changes that may be accompanied by losses in specific organs and tissues. The small intestine is an organ that shows several changes, mainly of morphological and functional aspects. Regular physical activity can contribute to control this situation being an important factor, since most of the world population suffers from this disease. This study aimed to analyze the morphological and histochemical aspects of the small intestine and goblet cells ultrastructure in diabetic rats, in order to observe possible changes caused by the disease. In addition, this study aimed to evaluate how exercise can interfere on these changes and contribute to control the diabetic state. In this study, Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: sedentary control (SC), trained control (TC), sedentary diabetic (SD) and trained diabetic (TD). Diabetes was induced by alloxan monohydrate Sigma (35 mg/kg body weight). Trained groups performed an exercise protocol, which consisted of swimming with loads attached to the body. During the experimental period, assessments were made on body weight, water and food intake. After the trial period, the animals' blood was collected for glucose analysis. The small intestines of the animals were removed, weighed and the length was measured. Samples of duodenum, jejunum and ileum were processed and analyzed for light microscopy and for transmission electron microscopy. Diabetes caused a general increase in the small intestine, also due to changes on histomorphometric features, such as increased villi and increased thickness of the mucosa. In addition, the disease promoted histochemical changes as demonstrated by reduced amounts of collagen fibers, reticular fibers and general proteins, and increased amounts of neutral polysaccharides and general nucleic acids. About goblet cells, diabetes increased... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Resumo: O diabetes tipo I, causado pela destruição das células beta do pâncreas, promove alterações metabólicas que podem ser acompanhadas de prejuízos em órgãos e tecidos específicos. O intestino delgado é um órgão que apresenta uma série de alterações, principalmente de caráter morfológico e funcional. A atividade física regular por sua vez, pode contribuir para o controle desta situação, sendo um fator importante, já que grande parte da população mundial sofre com esta doença. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os aspectos morfológicos e histoquímicos do intestino delgado e a ultra-estrutura de células caliciformes de ratos diabéticos, a fim de se observar possíveis alterações causadas pela doença. Além disso, este trabalho buscou avaliar de que maneira o exercício físico pode interferir nestas modificações e contribuir para o controle do estado diabético. Neste estudo, ratos Wistar foram distribuídos em 4 grupos: controle sedentário (CS), controle treinado (CT), diabético sedentário (DS) e diabético treinado (DT). O diabetes foi induzido por aloxana monoidratada Sigma (35 mg/kg de peso corporal). Os grupos treinados realizaram um protocolo de exercícios físicos, que consistiu em natação com cargas acopladas ao corpo. Durante o período experimental, foram realizadas avaliações de peso corpóreo e ingestão hídrica e alimentar. Após o período experimental, o sangue dos animais foi coletado para análise de glicemia. Os intestinos delgados dos animais foram retirados, pesados e o comprimento foi medido. Amostras de duodeno, jejuno e íleo foram processadas e analisadas para a microscopia de luz e para a microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. O diabetes causou um aumento geral do intestino delgado, também devido à alteração de características histomorfométricas, tais como aumento de vilosidades e da espessura da camada mucosa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Type I diabetes, caused by pancreatic beta cells destruction, promotes metabolic changes that may be accompanied by losses in specific organs and tissues. The small intestine is an organ that shows several changes, mainly of morphological and functional aspects. Regular physical activity can contribute to control this situation being an important factor, since most of the world population suffers from this disease. This study aimed to analyze the morphological and histochemical aspects of the small intestine and goblet cells ultrastructure in diabetic rats, in order to observe possible changes caused by the disease. In addition, this study aimed to evaluate how exercise can interfere on these changes and contribute to control the diabetic state. In this study, Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: sedentary control (SC), trained control (TC), sedentary diabetic (SD) and trained diabetic (TD). Diabetes was induced by alloxan monohydrate Sigma (35 mg/kg body weight). Trained groups performed an exercise protocol, which consisted of swimming with loads attached to the body. During the experimental period, assessments were made on body weight, water and food intake. After the trial period, the animals' blood was collected for glucose analysis. The small intestines of the animals were removed, weighed and the length was measured. Samples of duodenum, jejunum and ileum were processed and analyzed for light microscopy and for transmission electron microscopy. Diabetes caused a general increase in the small intestine, also due to changes on histomorphometric features, such as increased villi and increased thickness of the mucosa. In addition, the disease promoted histochemical changes as demonstrated by reduced amounts of collagen fibers, reticular fibers and general proteins, and increased amounts of neutral polysaccharides and general nucleic acids. About goblet cells, diabetes increased... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Flávio Henrique Caetano / Coorientador: Ricardo José Gomes / Banca: Dimitrius Leonardo Pitol / Banca: Cláudia Helena Pellizzon / Mestre