This qualitative study used interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore the question, How do women cigarette smokers experience and perceive their occupational transition from smoker to non-smoker? The sample consisted of seven women, aged 35-55, living in New Brunswick, Canada, who quit smoking for at least twelve months, but no longer than 24 months. Data were collected through in-depth, face-to-face interviews. The occupation of smoking was shown to be a valued and meaningful occupation with both positive and negative aspects that influenced the occupational transition process. The occupational transition of smoking cessation was described as a cyclical journey that required building skills and occupational competence, not only to support occupational adaptation and engagement in meaningful occupations, but also to overcome barriers and occupational losses throughout the transition process. This also fostered the occupational identity of non-smoker, by allowing the women to become and express the self they wanted to be.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of smoking on rural and urban pregnant women. More specifically, the variables of the knowledge of health effects, health provider recommendations, subscores from the Health Belief Model (HBM), and social support were explored in relation to the smoking behavior of pregnant women. A secondary purpose was to investigate the accuracy of self-reported smoking during pregnancy using biochemical validation. Pregnant women (N=71) completed an anonymous questionnaire, designed by the researcher, to identify variables that predicted smoking for urban and rural women. Participants also gave a saliva sample for cotinine testing. Approximately 47% of rural participants and 49% of urban participants were classified as smokers. The overall smoking deception rate for the current study was 5.6%. The deception rate for rural and urban participants in this study was 2.8% and 8.6%, respectively. Variables were entered into a standard multiple regression analysis to predict smoking status of the pregnant women. Participants reporting barriers (a component of the HBM) to stopping smoking during pregnancy were significantly less likely to be smokers. Through t-test and chi-square analyses, other variables related to smoking status during pregnancy included: Marital status, financial source for the pregnancy, living with husband or boyfriend, mean scores of the participants‘ knowledge of the health effects of smoking during pregnancy, susceptibility and benefits (constructs of the HBM). Many healthcare providers performed 1A, 2A, and 3A; however, few completed the last step of 4A and none completed 5A. Implications for health promotion specialists include an increase in the education of pregnant women about the health risks of maternal smoking. Additional training for pre-natal healthcare providers is necessary in order to increase the number of healthcare providers that implement all of the 5A‘s. It is important to include the husband/boyfriend in any smoking cessation interventions since they have daily influence on the smoking status of the pregnant woman. Money used to conduct biochemical verification of maternal smoking status could be better spent on patient education of the health risks of smoking during pregnancy and physician education in implementing all 5A‘s in daily practice.

Rökare får allt mer mindre utrymme att röka på och det blir allt mindre socialt accepterat att röka i dagens samhälle. Syftet med vår uppsats är att undersöka hur rökaren upplever samhällets normer och negativitet kring rökning, samt hur detta påverkar dem. Vår huvudsakliga frågeställning har varit ”Hur påverkas rökare av samhället nedvärderande syn på rökning?”, men även om det finns någon skillnad i deras rökningsbeteende beroende på social situation. Studien är gjord med hjälp av en kvalitativ metod i form av intervjuer, där vi intervjuat 6 rökare allt ifrån åldern 23-70. Vi har använt oss utav Goffmans intrycksstyrningoch Harveys rumsbegreppför att kunna förklara ur ett sociologiskt perspektiv hur rökaren upplever samhället och hur det påverkar denne. Vårt resultat har visat att rökare anpassar sig väldigt mycket till den sociala situationen, samt tar hänsyn till andra och att rökare kartlägger sin rökning grundat på tid, rum och social situation. / Smokersgetincreasinglyless roomto smokeanditis becoming lesssociallyacceptable to smokeintoday's society.The purpose of ourpaper is to examinehowthe smokerexperiencingsocial normsandnegativity surroundingsmoking,andhow this affectsthem. Our mainresearch questionwas"How does the negative view on smoking in today’s society affect smokers?”, but also if there is any differenceintheir smokingbehaviordepending on thesocial situation.The study was conductedusinga qualitative approachin the form ofinterviews, wherewe interviewedsixsmokersranging fromages23-70. We have usedGoffman'spresentation of SelfandHarveysspace theory to explainfrom a sociological perspectivehowsmokersperceivesociety andhow it affectshim.Ourresults have shownthat smokers arevery adaptedtothe social situation, they are considerate andthat smokerscharttheir smokingbased on thetime, placeand social situation.

Folkhälsa berör många samhällsområden och det är mycket viktigt att alla människor tar del av information och kunskap om hälsa. Rökning är en stor fara för folkhälsan som ständigt är aktuell och många projekt påbörjas just för att få en minskning av tobaksanvändning och förhindra ohälsa på grund av rökning. Särskilt viktigt är det att studera rökning bland unga. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är studera hur rökvanor ser ut och förändras bland ungdomar vid 11 och 15 års ålder och hur rökvanorna kan relateras till alkoholvanor, socioekonomi och fysisk aktivitet. Metoden innebar användning av enkätdata från Statens folkhälsoinstituts färdigställda enkäter. Undersökningen handlar om Skolbarns hälsovanor och genomförs vart fjärde år sedan 1985/1986. De utvalda ungdomarna i studien var de som var födda år 1994 och det var 3465 som svarade. De var då 11 respektive 15 år när de svarade på enkäterna. Resultatet efter bearbetning i programmet SPSS visade att fler flickor än pojkar röker men att pojkarna hade en tidigare rökdebut. De som röker trivdes i mindre grad med livet än icke rökare. Även minskat intresse från föräldrar, brist på fysisk aktivitet och ökad stress var faktorer som gick hand i hand med barnens rökning.  Resultatet påpekar att det är viktigt att börja med insatser i tidiga tonåren då det kan förhindra början på tonåringarnas rökvanor. Även att koppla ihop denna insats mot rökning med alkohol då faktorerna tycks hänga samman. En viktig faktor för som relaterar till lägre andel rökande tonåringar är föräldraengagemang.  Att arbeta för en ökad fysisk aktivitet på fritiden kan också vara en faktor som kan medföra en minskning av rökning. / Public health touches many areas of society and it is vital that all people are taking note of the information and knowledge about health. Smoking is a major public health hazard that constantly exists and many projects are launched just to get a decrease in tobacco use and prevent ill health due to smoking. It is particularly important to study smoking among young people. The purpose of this paper is to study how smoking behavior change among young people between 11 and 15 years of age and  how smoking behavior can be related to alcohol consumption, socioeconomic and physical activity. The method implicated the usage of survey data from the Public health Agency of Sweden completed questionnaires. The survey is about schoolchildren’s health habits and is conducted every four years since 1985 / 1986. The selected youth in the study were those who were born in 1994 and there were 3465 respondents. They were then 11 and 15 years old when they responded to the questionnaires. The result after processing in the SPSS program showed that there were more girls than boys that smoke but the boys had an earlier smoking debut. Those who smoke thrived in lesser degree in life than non-smokers. Also decreased interest from parents, lack of physical activity and increased stress were factors that went hand in hand with children's smoking. It is important to start with interventions in early adolescence as it can prevent the start of the teenagers' smoking habits. Also linking this effort against smoking with alcohol as the factors seems to be connected. A key factor for the teens is parental involvement. Working for an increased physical activity in leisure time may also be a factor that could lead to a decrease in smoking.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Nursing. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2006. / "A dissertation in nursing." Advisor: Peggy Ward-Smith. Typescript. Vita. Description based on contents viewed Nov. 13, 2007; title from "catalog record" of the print edition. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-119). Online version of the print edition.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Public Health, 2001. / Bibliography: leaves 92-98.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- Flinders University, School of Psychology. / Typescript (bound). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 199 - 234). Also available online.

Thesis (M.A.)--Carleton University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-53). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1990. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [91]-99).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Canterbury, 2007. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-89). Also available via the World Wide Web.