Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka 18–25 åriga kvinnors erfarenheter av nätmobbning samt om normbrytande faktorer bidrar till deras utsatthet. Studien utgick från kvalitativ grund med fem semistrukturerade intervjuer. Utifrån detta analyserades intervjuerna med hjälp av de teoretiska ramverken, genusteori och socialkonstruktivismen. En tematisk analysmetod genomfördes, vilket resulterade i tre huvudteman erfarenheter, kvinnors utsatthet på internet och könsnormer. Studiens resultat visade att unga kvinnor har erfarenheter av nätmobbning, antingen genom att de själva blivit utsatta eller att de bevittnat någon annans utsatthet på internet. En central aspekt som intervjupersonerna belyste i studien, var de bidragande faktorer till deras utsatthet, det framkom att normbrytande beteenden och normbrytande utseenden ökade risken för utsatthet på internet. Sammanfattningsvis betonades förebyggande och åtgärdande socialt arbete i relation till studiens resultat. För att arbeta förebyggande på mikro-, makro- och mesonivå krävs det en kartläggning av risk och skyddsfaktorer, resurser samt omfattande kunskap om ämnet nätmobbning. / The purpose of this study was to investigate 18–25 year-old women's experiences of cyberbullying and whether norm-breaking factors are contributing to it. The study was based on a qualitative basis with five semi-structured interviews. Based on this, the interviews were analyzed with the help of the theoretical frameworks, gender theory and social constructivism. A thematic analysis method was implemented, which resulted in three main themes of experience, women's susceptibility on the internet and gender norms. The results of the study showed that young women have experience of cyberbullying, either by being subjected themselves or by having witnessed someone else be subjected to cyberbullying. A key aspect that the interviewees highlighted in the study was the contributing factors to their susceptibility on the internet, it emerged that norm-breaking behaviors and norm-breaking appearances increased the risk of being subjected to cyberbullying. In summary, proactive and remedial social work in relation to the results of the study was emphasized. To work proactively on micro-, macro- and meso, it requires an analysis of risk and protective factors, resources, and extensive knowledge of the subject cyberbullying.

This research represents a comparative analysis of the Bulgarian and Romanian European Integration in terms of corruption and media freedom. I argue that, however, both states have multiple common grounds to be analyzed together, as is done in the previous academic research, they take rather different paths after their accession in the European Union regarding their progress in fighting corruption and ensuring free media. I analyze why and how this happens through the theoretical lenses of Constructivism on the matters of identity formation, integration, and spread of values. I will present an overview of the IR academic discourse on the topic, then attempting to fill its lapses in the Analysis section. There, I utilize qualitative content analysis on official reports, issued by the European Commission within these 10 years framework of EU membership in order to investigate the research question. I am to interpret the information from these sources and present the four major aspects of the case, leading to the current situation.

Med sin grund i klimatutmaningen och en utbredd klimatångest, försöker den här uppsatsen förstå hoppfullhet i miljödiskursen genom en socialkonstruktivistisk lins. En diskursanalys har genomförts av tre videokällor med talare som på olika sätt agerar som röster för miljörörelsen. Materialet som har analyserats i det här arbetet är ett TED-talk, ett tal från Climate Innovation Summit 2016 och ett avsnitt av det svenska tv-programmet Idévärlden. Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka hur en medvetenhet av begreppet Planetens hållbara gränser påverkar hoppfullhet och hopplöshet inom miljödiskursen. Resultatet visade att de flesta talarna tog del av en hoppfull diskurs med en viss tilltro till ekologisk modernisering och att en medvetenhet om Planetens hållbara gränser kan påverka hoppfullhet och hopplöshet på olika sätt. Studien är viktig för att en förståelse för miljödiskursen är ett steg mot att öka miljömedvetet beteende och minska klimatångest i en tid då vi behöver agera mot klimatförändringarna. Studien ger en genomgång av tidigare forskning samt en översiktlig historisk presentation av miljödiskursen och avslutar sedan med reflektion av det egna arbetet och förslag för fortsatta studier. / In light of the climate challenge and widespread climate anxiety, this thesis seeks to understand hope in the environmental discourse through a lense of social constructivism. A discourse analysis has been conducted of three video sources, with speakers who in different ways are voices for the environmental movement. The material investigated in this study is a TED talk, a speech from Climate Innovation Summit 2016 and an episode from the swedish tv-show Idévärlden (eng. The Idea World). The purpose of the study has been to investigate how an awareness of the concept of Planetary Boundaries affects hope and hopelessness within the environmental discourse. It was found that most speakers are part of a hopeful discourse with a belief in ecological modernisation and that an awareness of the concept of planetary boundaries can affect hopefulness or hopelessness in different ways. This is of importance because understanding the environmental discourse is a step towards pro-environmental behaviour and decreasing climate anxiety in a time when we need to take action against climate change. The thesis gives a review of previous research in the field as well as a brief historical presentation of the environmental discourse.

Paraprofessionals often constitute the primary support system for special education students and are core members of special education instructional teams. Therefore, the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act requires that paraprofessionals receive adequate training, including training in evidence-based practices (EBP). However, paraprofessionals often do not obtain the training and professional development they need to become qualified. The unpreparedness of paraprofessionals may lead to discouraging student outcomes. Informed by social constructivism, the purpose of this exploratory case study was to understand the perspectives of 6 special education administrators, 5 special education teachers, and 1 special education paraprofessional on paraprofessionals' implementation of EBP and the status of EBP training for paraprofessionals. Purposely, and within the context of organizational sociocultural conditions, this study queried the perspectives of the participants in the purposeful sample on paraprofessional experience and training in EBP. During exploratory data analysis, open coding was used to analyze data thematically and identify central sociocultural themes. There was 1 overarching theme (organizational contexts of EBP implementation), 4 major subthemes (resources for EBP implementation, intrinsic attributes of professionals implementing EBP, extrinsic attributes of professionals implementing EBP, and acknowledging and valuing the role and importance of paraprofessionals tasked with implementing EBP), and several minor subthemes. This study may result in implementation of a yearlong paraprofessional professional development project, increased understanding and implementation of EBP, expansion of professional learning communities (PLC), and improvement of student outcomes.

This thesis studies how the incel culture is portrayed in the Swedish news media and which explanatory models that are depicted for the phenomenon’s emergence. The thesis is based on a thematic medial analysis and is guided by a social constructivist approach. Based on 78 news reports from six different news media sources, six themes have been distinguished and also analysed through the concept of hegemonic masculinity. The findings show that Swedish news media produce a description of incels as being mentally and socially challenged. Incels are further constructed to possess hatred; against themselves, women and society. The self-hatred among incels is constructed to have connections to a strong fixation on appearance which is characterized by an ideal of being white. Finally, the portrayal of a minority of incels as terrorists is constructed throughout the news media coverage, but the majority of incels are rather portrayed as opposed to such acts. It has been possible to expound different portrayed explanations to the rise of the incel phenomenon, such as societal changes; an altered male role and a societal alienation. Two other explanations are also constructed which are based on male appearance and subject positioning. / Denna studie utforskar hur incelkulturen porträtteras i svensk nyhetsmedia samt vilka skildrade förklaringsmodeller till fenomenet. Studien är baserad på en tematisk mediaanalys och har vägletts av en socialkonstruktivistisk ansats. Utifrån 78 nyhetsrapporteringar från sammantaget sex olika nyhetsmediala källor, har sex tematiseringar utarbetats och även analyserats genom konceptet om hegemonisk maskulinitet. Resultatet påvisar att det i svensk nyhetsmedia förekommer en konstruktion av incels som psykiskt och socialt utmanade. Incels konstrueras vidare besitta ett hat; mot självet, kvinnor och samhället. Självhatet bland incels skildras ha kopplingar till en stark utseendefixering som i sig är präglad av ett vithetsideal. Slutligen återses porträtteringen av en minoritet av incels som terrorister, där majoriteten av incels snarare skildras motsätta sig sådana dåd. Det går vidare att uttolka olika skildrade förklaringar till incelfenomenets uppkomst där samhälleliga förändringar; en förändrad mansroll och ett samhälleligt utanförskap i media framkommer ligga till grund för fenomenet. Det konstrueras även två andra förklaringar som grundas i manligt utseende samt subjektpositionering.

Introduction. Research data management is a topic of ongoing discussion, particularly in academic institutions, where researchers strive to effectively handle diverse types of data. This study examines the practices of research data management in selected digital humanities projects at Uppsala University. The objective is to as- sess the impact that data management plans (DMPs) on these interdisciplinary projects and evaluate the applica- tion of the FAIR guiding principles. It is crucial to consider the researchers’ perspective on this matter. Universi- ties could invest in robust data management practices by taking into account the needs and skills of researchers. Method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted using purposive sampling targeting researchers from various departments within the Faculty of Arts who were involved in interdisciplinary digital humanities pro- jects. Eight interviews were carried out with principal investigators (PIs) and researchers. Analysis. The interviews, along with the provided DMPs, were thematically analysed to address the re- search questions regarding the effect of DMPs in the selected projects. Results. The study findings indicate that the PIs and researchers do not perceive the DMP as an integral part of their research work in digital humanities projects. Nonetheless, most participants recognise its signifi- cance and its role could be enhanced in research projects. Challenges typically arise during stages of the research data life cycle, such as data analysis, rather than in the development of the DMP itself. Moreover, the practical implementation of the FAIR principles often poses difficulties due to variations in data types and project goals. Conclusion. The results of this study highlight the need for more actionable DMPs in digital humanities projects and further training for researchers on data management issues. The interdisciplinary nature of these projects facilitates collaboration among researchers in the development of DMPs.

Syftet med detta arbete har varit att skapa klarhet kring vad som definierar begreppet den terapeutiska relationen, samt att ge en beskrivning av vad man som professionell samtalsledare bör tänka på när det gäller att skapa en så god terapeutisk relation som möjligt.Detta har gjorts i utgångspunkt av kvalitativa djupintervjuer med sju professionella samtalsledare, vilka i sina respektive beskrivningar, tillsammans kommit att utgöra en bild av hur man kan se på dessa två olika aspekter av begreppet. Det insamlade materialet från dessa intervjuer har sedan kommit att tematiseras utifrån en hermeneutisk tolkningsmetod, varpå resultatet tolkats utifrån ett socialkonstruktivistiskt, samt ett inlärningsteoretiskt perspektiv.Av resultatet framkom, bland annat, att en definition av begreppet den terapeutiska relationen var svår att särskilja från konkreta beskrivningar av hur en samtalsledare bör arbeta för att skapa en god terapeutisk relation, samt vilka personliga egenskaper som utmärker en god terapeut.Nyckelord:, Common factors, Den terapeutiska alliansen Den terapeutiska relationen, Four stages of competence, Samtalsbehandling, Socialkonstruktivism / The main purpose of this report was to bring clarity to the definition about the concept of the therapeutic relationship, as well as providing a description of what the therapist needs to consider, when it comes to creating the “good therapeutic relationship”.This has been done on the basis of qualitative in-depth interviews with a total of seven therapists, who in their descriptions, together came to form an understanding of these two different aspects of the concept. The collected material from these interviews was then thematized, in the basis of a hermeneutic interpretation method, in after witch these results were interpreted from a social constructivist, and a learning-theory perspective.The main results show that a definition of the therapeutic relationship was difficult to distinguish from the descriptions of how therapists work to create a good therapeutic relationship, as well as the personal characteristics of “the good therapist”.Keywords: Common factors, Four stages of competence, Social constructivism, The therapeutic alliance, The therapeutic relation, Therapy

Glass ceiling is a phenomenon that describes an abstract barrier that hinders career progression and promotion to higher management positions. A majority of studies regarding this discrimination in workplaces have solely focused on women as victims. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the phenomenon is expressed in workplaces and how it could also be intersectionally conditioned by examining how experts perceive glass ceiling discrimination, which is related to several grounds of discrimination. A phenomenographic approach has been implemented to capture perceptions from experts through semi-constructed interviews along with an extraction and examination of several documents to strengthen their perspectives. The experts' contributions are evaluated through a social constructivist approach. The findings of glass ceiling are separated into different themes: individual, situational, and cultural as well as interpersonal relationship barriers. The glass ceiling discrimination has been shown to mostly affect women; however, intersectional factors have shown to create various power structures that strengthen discrimination for individuals who belong to multiple grounds of discrimination. The study contributes to an unique viewpoint of how discrimination and the glass ceiling can occur in workplaces today. The findings are useful when working with discrimination- and gender equality.

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Military developments suggest that autonomous weapons systems will be the future ofwarfare. Therefore, it is important to understand how to define the concept and how peopleexpress themselves around it. This paper will analyze how important actors in Sweden talkabout autonomous weapon systems. The concept of how autonomous weapons is constructedand what diversities and similarities there are in the expressions of autonomous weapons willbe examined in this paper. The question is if there is a hegemonic status in any discourse?Actors' expressions, such as political parties and researchers as FOI, SIPRI and The SwedishPeace and Arbitration Society, will be investigated. Social constructivism and discourseanalysis provide theoretical tools for the analysis. The discourses are organized byoperational and financial, human involvement, legal field and political discourses.The analysis shows how important characters try to give meaning to the phenomenon, forexample economic, human involvement and fear, which affect the different discourses. Theconclusions indicate that the juridical discourse has reached a hegemonic status, because allactors connect autonomous weapons to juridical frameworks.