Este estudo visa A compreensão as maneiras como as pessoas enfrentam as situações naturais ou sociais de ordem catastrófica, que as ameaçam com perdas significativas, podendo chegar a própria identidade psíquica, social e física. O fenômeno observável é a incomunicabilidade do risco traduzido pela inação operativa estratégica frente à situações ameaçadoras. A hipótese é que o indivíduo enfrenta o risco de uma forma não razoável. Neste percurso investigativo, optou-se por coletar os dados junto a uma comunidade de moradores que passaram de forma coletiva, em 17 de fevereiro de 2003, por uma inundação de ordem catastrófica e foram realizadas um conjunto de entrevistas semi abertas, direcionadas pela busca do sentido desta experiência. As perguntas foram estruturadas em função da necessidade de esclarecimento da informação fornecida nas respostas anteriores. Pressupõe-se que esta incomunicabilidade da risco se situa no imbricado das esferas psíquica, sociais e lógicas, onde o raciocínio entra como um apêndice explicativo, mas não na construção do argumento. A análise do fato ameaçador não entra no argumento decisório do sujeito, ela se constitui em um apêndice. O método de análise do argumento é usado para analisar os dados coletados, visando demonstrar a exterioridade do argumento lógico, que é utilizado de forma não lógica. / This study aims to make clear how people react to catastrophic natural or social events, which may represent significant losses to its social psychic or physical identity. The observable phenomenon is the noncommunicability of risk translated in strategic operation inaction in face of threatening situations. This study holds the hypothesis that an individual faces risk in a nonreasonable way. In this research, the data was collected in a neighborhood in which dwellers suffered a catastrophic flood on February 17, 2003. A number of semiopen interviews were conducted in order to find the meaning of this noncommunicability of risk. According to the answer to a given question, the next question was formulated seeking to clarify the information given. It was assumed that this noncommunicability of risk is placed in the intersection of the psychic, social and logic spheres, where rational thinking is an explanatory appendix but does not contribute to the argument. The analysis of the threatening fact is not part of the decision argument of the subject; it is an appendix to it. The argument analysis method was used in the data analysis in order to demonstrate externality of the logic argument, which is used in a nonlogic way.

Este estudo visa A compreensão as maneiras como as pessoas enfrentam as situações naturais ou sociais de ordem catastrófica, que as ameaçam com perdas significativas, podendo chegar a própria identidade psíquica, social e física. O fenômeno observável é a incomunicabilidade do risco traduzido pela inação operativa estratégica frente à situações ameaçadoras. A hipótese é que o indivíduo enfrenta o risco de uma forma não razoável. Neste percurso investigativo, optou-se por coletar os dados junto a uma comunidade de moradores que passaram de forma coletiva, em 17 de fevereiro de 2003, por uma inundação de ordem catastrófica e foram realizadas um conjunto de entrevistas semi abertas, direcionadas pela busca do sentido desta experiência. As perguntas foram estruturadas em função da necessidade de esclarecimento da informação fornecida nas respostas anteriores. Pressupõe-se que esta incomunicabilidade da risco se situa no imbricado das esferas psíquica, sociais e lógicas, onde o raciocínio entra como um apêndice explicativo, mas não na construção do argumento. A análise do fato ameaçador não entra no argumento decisório do sujeito, ela se constitui em um apêndice. O método de análise do argumento é usado para analisar os dados coletados, visando demonstrar a exterioridade do argumento lógico, que é utilizado de forma não lógica. / This study aims to make clear how people react to catastrophic natural or social events, which may represent significant losses to its social psychic or physical identity. The observable phenomenon is the noncommunicability of risk translated in strategic operation inaction in face of threatening situations. This study holds the hypothesis that an individual faces risk in a nonreasonable way. In this research, the data was collected in a neighborhood in which dwellers suffered a catastrophic flood on February 17, 2003. A number of semiopen interviews were conducted in order to find the meaning of this noncommunicability of risk. According to the answer to a given question, the next question was formulated seeking to clarify the information given. It was assumed that this noncommunicability of risk is placed in the intersection of the psychic, social and logic spheres, where rational thinking is an explanatory appendix but does not contribute to the argument. The analysis of the threatening fact is not part of the decision argument of the subject; it is an appendix to it. The argument analysis method was used in the data analysis in order to demonstrate externality of the logic argument, which is used in a nonlogic way.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur den pedagogiska, fysiska och sociala miljön påverkar undervisningen i fritidshemmet samt lärarnas upplevelser av de olika miljöerna. Vilka möjligheter och hinder upplever lärare i fritidshem för att anpassa miljön för alla elever? Studien bygger på semi-struktuerade intervjuer samt ett observationsschema där den fysiska och pedagogiska miljön studerades. Vi har intervjuat sex lärare i fritidshem på tre olika skolor. Resultatet visar att miljön har stor påverkan för hur undervisning kan bedrivas i fritidshemmet. Framförallt lyfts den fysiska miljöns betydelse för undervisningens roll i fritidshemmet. Resultatet visar att det ser väldigt olika ut på fritidshemmen och att det i sin tur påverkar kvalitén. I resultatet synliggörs vilka möjligheter och hinder lärarna upplever i den fysiska, pedagogiska och sociala miljön.

Virtual Reality (VR) is considered the next major communication tool and its potential has been described as “a ubiquitous force and as pervasive and transformative as the internet was in the 90s or the smartphone was in the 2000s” (Somasegar, 2016). Social spaces in VR (SocialVR) are at the forefront of developing new possibilities in communication that could offer greater connection and understanding between people around the world.The aim of my research is to identify the dominant discourses in SocialVR spaces, which also involve solutions for inclusivity, to reveal embedded power-relations that are currently defining bodily boundaries and identity. The research questions I pose are:1. What discourses are currently defining embodiment across different SocialVR spaces?2. How are these embodied experiences configuring notions of self?My research stance, as a woman of colour, was a fundamental feature in this study and I have used my perspective as a basis to gain a wider insight into the phenomena of SocialVR. In obtaining my empirical data, I combined the methodologies of Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis and Analytic Autoethnography. This enabled me to examine the dominant company discourses of different SocialVR spaces and assess my personally embodied experience in relation to them.The fusing of human experience with technology is implicit in virtual embodiment. Therefore, a robust theoretical lens is needed to examine the dynamics between identity and technological renderings of embodiment in SocialVR. The theory of agential realism acknowledges the vital role that techno-scientific practices play in the workings of power, and how it informs the constitution of boundaries between people. As an analytical tool, agential realism provides a fitting a framework to address how bodily boundaries and one’s sense of self come to matter in SocialVR.My findings lead to a surprising insight into the resilience of socio-historic power- relations in spite of strongly opposing intentions, and it points to the importance of understanding the historical constitution of technology and application methods, if change is going to be meaningfully enacted. The success of a SocialVR environment as an inclusive space is based on clearly structured contexts of socialising. By placing certain performance limits on what is possible in a space, the creators are able to focus on constructing meaningful experiences that can be reflected in both the type of avatar embodiment they offer, and the corresponding embodied experience.

Résumé Les préoccupations et comportements alimentaires entourant le poids sont omniprésentes chez les jeunes adolescentes et femmes qui habitent dans les cultures occidentales où les formes corporelles sont orientées vers un idéal ultra-mince. L’objectif de cette étude est d’examiner si une plus grande exposition aux endroits faisant la promotion de la minceur est associée à des préoccupations pour le poids plus élevées chez les femmes. Cette étude fait partie d’un projet intitulé ¨Social, cultural, and economic disparities and disordered eating: Understanding the contribution of neighbourhood and individual level factors¨ (Gauvin, Steiger, & Brodeur, 2009). Un échantillon de 1288 femmes âgées entre 20 et 40 ans et résidant à Montréal depuis au moins 12 mois ont répondu à un sondage téléphonique. Des régressions logistiques ont comparé les femmes se situant dans le quintile le plus élevé des préoccupations de poids avec les femmes dans les autres quintiles en fonction de leur exposition 15 jours ou plus dans des endroits faisant la promotion de la minceur. De plus, une analyse de sensibilité a vérifié si l’association demeurait significative à d’autres niveaux d’exposition. Les facteurs confondants ont été contrôlés statistiquement. Les résultats démontrent qu’une fréquentation d’au moins 15 jours par mois d’endroits faisant la promotion de la minceur est associée à des préoccupations plus élevées pour le poids. Aussi, fréquenter ces lieux entre 15 et 20 jours/mois est aussi associé à des préoccupations de poids élevées. Des interventions de santé publique pourraient viser la diminution des pressions socioculturelles vers la minceur. / Abstract Weight and eating-related disorders and behaviours are common among adolescent girls and young women in Western societies, where thin bodies are highly valued. The goal of this study was to examine whether or not more frequent exposure to places promoting thinness is associated with greater weight concerns among women. This study was part of a larger investigation entitled ¨Social, cultural, and economic disparities and disordered eating: Understanding the contribution of neighbourhood and individual level factors¨ (Gauvin, Steiger, & Brodeur, 2009). A sample of 1288 women aged 20 to 40 years and living in Montreal for at least 12 months responded to a telephone survey. Logistic regression analyses were performed comparing women in the highest quintile of weight concerns to women in other quintiles on frequentations of thin-promoting places 15 days or more. Further, a sensitivity analysis was performed to verify whether or not an association exists between high weight concerns and different levels of exposure to places promoting socio-cultural standards for thinness. A series of confounding variables were statistically controlled. Results showed that exposure to places promoting socio-cultural standards for thinness at least 15 days per month was significantly associated with greater weight concerns among women despite controlling for confounding variables. Further, going to places promoting thinness between at least 15 through 20 days/month was also associated greater weight concerns among women. Public health interventions could aim at reducing societal pressures to thinness.

Résumé Les préoccupations et comportements alimentaires entourant le poids sont omniprésentes chez les jeunes adolescentes et femmes qui habitent dans les cultures occidentales où les formes corporelles sont orientées vers un idéal ultra-mince. L’objectif de cette étude est d’examiner si une plus grande exposition aux endroits faisant la promotion de la minceur est associée à des préoccupations pour le poids plus élevées chez les femmes. Cette étude fait partie d’un projet intitulé ¨Social, cultural, and economic disparities and disordered eating: Understanding the contribution of neighbourhood and individual level factors¨ (Gauvin, Steiger, & Brodeur, 2009). Un échantillon de 1288 femmes âgées entre 20 et 40 ans et résidant à Montréal depuis au moins 12 mois ont répondu à un sondage téléphonique. Des régressions logistiques ont comparé les femmes se situant dans le quintile le plus élevé des préoccupations de poids avec les femmes dans les autres quintiles en fonction de leur exposition 15 jours ou plus dans des endroits faisant la promotion de la minceur. De plus, une analyse de sensibilité a vérifié si l’association demeurait significative à d’autres niveaux d’exposition. Les facteurs confondants ont été contrôlés statistiquement. Les résultats démontrent qu’une fréquentation d’au moins 15 jours par mois d’endroits faisant la promotion de la minceur est associée à des préoccupations plus élevées pour le poids. Aussi, fréquenter ces lieux entre 15 et 20 jours/mois est aussi associé à des préoccupations de poids élevées. Des interventions de santé publique pourraient viser la diminution des pressions socioculturelles vers la minceur. / Abstract Weight and eating-related disorders and behaviours are common among adolescent girls and young women in Western societies, where thin bodies are highly valued. The goal of this study was to examine whether or not more frequent exposure to places promoting thinness is associated with greater weight concerns among women. This study was part of a larger investigation entitled ¨Social, cultural, and economic disparities and disordered eating: Understanding the contribution of neighbourhood and individual level factors¨ (Gauvin, Steiger, & Brodeur, 2009). A sample of 1288 women aged 20 to 40 years and living in Montreal for at least 12 months responded to a telephone survey. Logistic regression analyses were performed comparing women in the highest quintile of weight concerns to women in other quintiles on frequentations of thin-promoting places 15 days or more. Further, a sensitivity analysis was performed to verify whether or not an association exists between high weight concerns and different levels of exposure to places promoting socio-cultural standards for thinness. A series of confounding variables were statistically controlled. Results showed that exposure to places promoting socio-cultural standards for thinness at least 15 days per month was significantly associated with greater weight concerns among women despite controlling for confounding variables. Further, going to places promoting thinness between at least 15 through 20 days/month was also associated greater weight concerns among women. Public health interventions could aim at reducing societal pressures to thinness.