The manner in which socioeconomic forces direct environmentally unsustainable behaviour is largely unseen and unappreciated. North American cultural beliefs, norms and values reinforce the economic system and constitute significant barriers to large-scale societal ecological behaviour change. Overlooked in the degrowth literature, even by researchers who have examined the importance of socioeconomic barriers (materialism and consumption), is the role occupation plays in dictating the ecological footprint and forming our socioeconomic identities. We have gained some understanding of the motivation of those individuals who have chosen to pursue a low-carbon lifestyle, but are lacking information about those who go one step further and adopt a low-carbon livelihood. Fifteen individuals who successfully adopted low-carbon livelihoods were interviewed to examine socioeconomic barriers they may have experienced and learn how those challenges were met. To assume a low-carbon livelihood at present is likely to require forming a new social status identity, adopting new metrics for judging oneself, and creating a new social network supportive of that identity and its values. A four-quadrant framework was used to examine the systemic nature of emergent themes regarding socioeconomic barriers and how those were overcome. Themes that emerged revealed many similarities to individuals committed to a low-carbon lifestyle with some critical differences in terms of both inhibiting and enabling factors. A core finding was that motivational and personality characteristics of the low-carbon livelihood individuals mimic the attributes of moral exemplars that drive a deep sense of ethical obligation to create a pro- social occupation that can function in a low-carbon manner. Clear values, coupled with a strong sense of personal responsibility, overpowered the socioeconomic barriers participants encountered. Implications regarding interventions for fostering the adoption of low-carbon livelihoods and fortifying the Degrowth movement are examined. / Graduate

Esta tese estudou o impacto das operações de fusão e aquisição (F&A) sobre as identidades dos empregados investigando professores e coordenadores em operações de F&A. Operações de F&A são estratégias frequentes nos últimos vinte anos e têm sido uma fonte de conflitos e de dificuldades generalizadas para os empregados das empresas. A maioria das operações de F&A demanda esforços significativos de adaptação dos empregados diante de novas diretrizes, de diferentes culturas e distintos padrões sociais e administrativos de conduta. Nas operações de F&A, a adaptação não se limita aos aspectos funcionais do desempenho, mas, atinge estruturas mais profundas da subjetividade, como é o caso das identidades. A experiência dos últimos vinte anos mostra que nas operações de F&A, os empregados enfrentam alterações em suas identidades, adaptando-se a novas condições na relação eu-outro. Eles mesmos administram essa adaptação, mesmo quando não há apoio algum por parte de seus gestores. A compreensão da adaptação das identidades foi aqui estudada pela Teoria da Identidade Social, de Henri Tajfel, pela Teoria de Identidade de Sheldon Stryker e pela perspectiva da Identidade Narrativa de Roy Baumeister. Essa análise foi complementada por uma pesquisa empírica na qual foram observados sujeitos que sofreram impactos em suas identidades dentro de programas de F&A. Foram estudados sujeitos envolvidos em operações de F&A nos quais um único grupo econômico adquiriu diversas empresas. A restrição a um único adquirente permitiu homogeneidade de demandas e distintas condições dos sujeitos das empresas adquiridas. Essa pesquisa foi realizada através de entrevistas narrativas e seus dados foram interpretados a partir de metodologias de análise de conteúdo. Confirmando as deduções da análise teórica, os resultados da observação revelaram que a identidade é uma estrutura complexa que sofre impactos significativos nos processos de F&A. Além disso, confirmaram que os indivíduos administram a adaptação de suas identidades e que sem a gestão das identidades, as operações de F&A têm seus problemas aumentados e suas dificuldades exacerbadas. Esta pesquisa concluiu que que a adaptação das identidades é um tema ainda longe de ser compreendido em sua complexidade e em seus impactos. Por esse motivo, o avanço na compreensão das F&A depende do investimento em novas pesquisas / This thesis studied the impact of Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A) on the identities of employees observing professors and heads of departments. M&A have been common managerial strategies for the past twenty years, as have been a source of conflicts and of generalized difficulties to both enterprises and their employees. Most of the M&A impose heavy demands of adaptation to new policies, cultures and social as well as administrative patterns on the part of employees. That adaptation is far from being limited to functional features to reach the deep subjective structures, as this is the case of identities. The M&A experiences of the past twenty years have put into light changes in employees identities following the new conditions created by the self-other relationships. The employees manage those identity changes even when no managerial support is offered to them. Here, the theoretical understanding of that adaptation of employees identities was grounded in Tajfel´s Social Identity Theory, in Sheldon Striker´s Identity Theory and in the vision of Narrative identity Theory proposed by Roy Baumeister. That theoretical ground was complemented by empirical data gathered from employees involved in M&A programs. That empirical research was carried out with the employees of distinct organizations, which were acquired by one single enterprise. That strategy favoured the homogeneity of the managerial demands in the distinct cases. The data were gathered through narrative interviews and scrutinized through content analysis methodologies. The outcomes confirmed the theoretical analyses disclosing that identity is a complex subjective structure, which undergo regularly impacts in M&A processes. Furthermore, the results confirmed that the employees manage their identities adaptation and that when the adaptation fails problems and tensions increase. Yet the data confirmed that the adaptation of identities is an issue still far from full understanding, which still requires much more investigation and theoretical investments

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-08-30T13:09:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Eduardo ?ngelo da Silva.pdf: 47957661 bytes, checksum: 96713248474cd9ee81ea58efdcb3857a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-30T13:09:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Eduardo ?ngelo da Silva.pdf: 47957661 bytes, checksum: 96713248474cd9ee81ea58efdcb3857a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-10 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This work is an attempt to articulate the perspective of labor history and urban history as two complementary fields in social history. We have tried to observe how the dynamic Brazilian economy, in which the Companhia Sider?rgica Nacional (the most important steel mill in the country) has been an important protagonist, since its creation in the 1940?s, related to the ways in which this company engendered its labor force, in clash with workers mobilizations. The most important landmark in this trajectory, after the democratic years (1945-1964), is the fracture caused by the 1964 state coup in the relationship between workers and company. The changes in CSN social policies, as well as the transformations in the economic policies implemented by the new regime, would be subject to a confrontation between different interpretations formulated by distinct agents involved in this process. In our case study, Volta Redonda, we could identify as important actors involved in the social dynamics of those years ? for example, the military ? interpreted the impacts of the coup on the working class. In the other extreme of the process, we have examined the workers experience in the town, in decade of 1970?s, looking for the rearticulation of their identitary references, after those changes in the general context, that indicate the new fractures and amalgamations inside the class occurred from that moment on / Este trabalho ? uma tentativa de articula??o entre as propostas da hist?ria social do trabalho e uma hist?ria social urbana. Pretendeu-se observar como a din?mica econ?mica brasileira, da qual a Companhia Sider?rgica Nacional foi importante protagonista, desde sua cria??o nos anos 40, relacionou-se ? forma como essa ind?stria gestou sua for?a de trabalho, entrando em choque com a mobiliza??o dos trabalhadores. O marco mais importante desta trajet?ria por n?s observada ?, ap?s os anos democr?ticos (1945-1964), a fratura causada pelo Golpe de 1964 na rela??o estabelecida entre os trabalhadores e empresa. As mudan?as na pol?tica social da CSN, assim como as altera??es do modelo econ?mico vigente, se tornariam alvo de uma disputa entre diferentes interpreta??es formuladas por diferentes agentes envolvidos no processo. No caso estudado, em Volta Redonda, pudemos identificar como importantes atores envolvidos na din?mica social daqueles anos ? por exemplo, os militares ? interpretaram os impactos do Golpe sobre a classe trabalhadora. Na outra ponta da viv?ncia do processo, nos debru?amos sobre a experi?ncia dos trabalhadores da localidade, nos anos 70, buscando a rearticula??o de seus referenciais identit?rios, a partir de tal mudan?a, os quais ir?o indicar as novas fraturas e am?lgamas internos a classe, a partir de ent?o.

The purpose of this study is to investigate if and how job titles come with status for individuals. It is also of interest to study whether job titles can be linked to the identity of the individual. To reach an answer to these questions, we have conducted eight semi-structured interviews with nine respondents who work within eight organizations with offices in the Stockholm region. All respondents belong to their respective organizations’ Human Resource department. The study is based on theories including Goffman (2009), Hinton (2003), Jenkins (2014) and as well as Ulfsdotter Eriksson and Flisbäck (2011) that touches upon identity, categorizing and status. Results show that job titles have a considerable impact on the individual’s identity and status. However we see tendencies of attempts to distance oneself which might cause the work title to become less significant in the identity and status process. All interviews clearly show that social structures are strongly connected with the individual’s identity and status. / Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om och i så fall hur yrkestitlar är statusbärande för individer. Det är även av intresse att studera om yrkestitlar kan kopplas samman med individens identitet. För att närma oss svar på detta har vi genomfört åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med nio respondenter som arbetar inom åtta olika organisationer som alla verkar inom Stockholmsområdet. Samtliga respondenter tillhör respektive organisations HR-avdelning. Studien utgår från teorier av bland annat Goffman (2009), Hinton (2003), Jenkins (2014) samt Ulfsdotter Eriksson och Flisbäck (2011), som berör identitet, kategorisering och status. Resultatet visar att yrkestiteln har en betydande roll för individens identitet och status. Vi ser dock tendenser till att försök görs att distansera sig vilket kan tyda på yrkestiteln kommer bli allt mindre betydande i identitets- och statusprocessen. Det framkommer tydligt i samtliga intervjuer att sociala strukturer är starkt sammankopplade med individens identitet och status.

De récents travaux soulignent qu’en France, les jeunes issus de l’immigration nord-africainesont moins nombreux à avoir le baccalauréat que les autres. Cette thèse défend l’idée généraleque cette moindre réussite académique peut être due, du moins en partie, à une moindrequalité des apprentissages scolaires. Dans la lignée des travaux de Steele et Aronson (1995)sur le phénomène de menace du stéréotype, l’objectif principal de cette thèse est d’examinerdans quelle mesure les stéréotypes négatifs associés aux capacités d’apprentissage des enfantsd’origine nord-africaine peuvent avoir des effets délétères sur la qualité de leursapprentissages scolaires. Il s’agit également, dans une visée développementale, d’enrichir lesconnaissances en psychologie sociale sur l’âge d’apparition de l’effet de menace dustéréotype chez les enfants. Enfin, dans un souci de validité écologique, ce travail a aussi pourobjectif de tester si les effets de menace du stéréotype se retrouvent en contexte scolaire réel.Sur cette base, cinq études expérimentales ayant toutes été réalisées en contexte réel de classesont présentées, impliquant près de 1 000 élèves scolarisés du CP au CM2. En accord avecnos hypothèses, les résultats obtenus permettent de conclure que les premiers apprentissagesscolaires des enfants français issus de l’immigration nord-africaine sont, dès leur plus jeuneâge, diminués par un effet de menace du stéréotype sur les apprentissages. En outre, lesrésultats mettent en évidence l’implication de l’identité sociale des enfants, et des effets desidentités ethniques et de genre qui sont favorables aux filles d’origine nord-africaine maisdéfavorables à leurs pairs masculins. Globalement, ces résultats soutiennent une explicationsocio-cognitive plutôt que socio-biologique des différences d’accession au baccalauréat enfonction de l’origine ethnique, et apportent un éclairage nouveau sur les processus impliquésdans la menace du stéréotype. / Recent studies emphasize that young French North-Africans are less likely than others to havea baccalauréat. We argue that this lower success can be due, at least in part, to a lower qualityof school learning. According to Steele and Aronson (1995) and the stereotype threathypothesis, the principal aim of this work was to examine in which extent negativestereotypes about learning abilities of French North African children can decrease quality oflearning. In a developmental perspective, our second goal was to better know when stereotypethreat effect begins to impact children’s learning and performance. Finally, in an ecologicalperspective, our third aim was to test if stereotype threat occurs in real academic setting. Fiveexperiments were conducted in real academic setting among nearly 1 000 students in primaryschool level. As expected, the results showed that stereotype threat affects negatively learningof French North-African children in primary school. In addition, the results highlighted theinfluence of children’s social identity. Ethnic and gender identities effects also appearedshowing a favourable effect for French North-African girls but an unfavourable one for theirmale peers. Overall, these findings support a sociocognitive explanation of French North-Africans inferiority in baccalauréat access, rather than a sociobiological one. Furthermore,these findings support a new understanding of processes implicated in stereotype threat.

Approximately 15% of all new marriages in the United States in 2010 were between spouses that shared different racial or ethnic backgrounds from one another. Socha and Diggs (1999) began to examine race as both an outcome of family communication as well as a factor that influences children's communication development in families because of the social pressure multiethnic families endure to fit a nuclear family model. This study utilized dyadic interviews of eleven multiethnic parent couples (N = 22 individuals; 11 dyads) in order to gain a deeper understanding of Hispanic-Caucasian multiethnic family systems. Communication in families plays a foundational role in many aspects of society and socialization of the young. However, slim research has addressed how communication in families affects the understandings of ethnicity and the formation of social identities as a social construction (see Hecht, Collier, & Ribeau, 1993; Socha & Diggs, 1999; Socha, Sanchez-Hucles, Bromley, & Kelly, 1995). Researchers in the social sciences, especially in communication, must recognize that the sanctuary of the home may be generating the keys to understanding problems concerning social identity formation and diversity. Thus, there is a need for communication research at the crossroads of ethnicity, family, and identity. This dissertation highlights family factors that may influence Hispanic-Caucasian multiethnic children’s social identities as well as family communication within Hispanic-Caucasian multiethnic family systems. This study explicates multiethnic families through the lens of communication accommodation theory (CAT; Giles, 1973), social identity theory (SIT; Tajfel & Turner, 1979), and self-categorization theory (SCT; Turner, 1985; Turner, 1987), explicitly overviewing the intersection of interpersonal and intergroup communication (Giles, 2012). This study provides insights to both theoretical expansion and practical application within Hispanic-Caucasian multiethnic family systems. Ultimately, this study addresses questions such as: a) How do Hispanic-Caucasian multiethnic family systems communicate surrounding topics of race and ethnicity, b) How do Hispanic-Caucasian multiethnic families discuss components of social identity (e.g., ethnic identification for multiethnic children), and c) What challenges are unique to Hispanic-Caucasian multiethnic family systems?

The scarcity of research on women of color’s (WOC) workplace experiences indicates that little is known about the factors that shape their intersectional experiences of stress at work. A review of the limited research on this population suggests that ethnic identity may be central to WOC perceptions and experiences of representation at work. This study examined the relationship between representation and stress for White identified women and WOC in the workplace. A sample of 272 working women was used to examine the role of ethnicity and ethnic identity as moderators along with mentorship and social support as mediators on the association between representation and stress using an online survey. A path analysis found that the hypothesized model was a good fit for the data and that ethnicity did moderate the relationship between representation and social support. Ethnicity was not found to moderate the relationship between representation and mentorship; however, under-representation of WOC in leadership/seniority roles and complex mentor/mentee relationships may have impacted these results. Future research on WOC in the workplace should account for the influence of complex social identities on their perceptions of representation and stress. Organizations/industries, wanting to recruit and retain demographically diverse talent, may also benefit from understanding how ethnicity may influence WOC’s perceptions of representation and stress.

Queer-teacher lives aren’t easy! They experience isolation and bifurcation of their lives on a daily basis. How much more difficult must life be for these teachers in the theologically heteronormative context of the Catholic school? Yet, these teachers remain educators in these institutions, sensing goodness in what they are doing and in the future of these schools. Inspired by this interesting reality of tension, this study asks two important questions. First, how do queer teachers understand their identities as constructed in a Catholic school? Secondly, it wants to know what action teachers will take when they have come to an answer about their constructed identities. This dissertation incorporates queer studies, liberation theology, and critical pedagogy into a bricolage theory to fully address the intersectional lives of its participants. With a methodological approach informed by the ethics of culturally responsive research, this participatory action research begins from a moment of dialogical praxis towards the hope of social engagement. Crafted as a retreat in which queer educators share their stories of working in these institutions, this unique research incorporates the participants into the analysis process as essential actors in understanding the meaning of their own lives. The study reveals the perceptions of queer teachers about the ways that schools make meaning of their role in the educational environment as well as how they make meaning of their lives. Three major themes, “doing queer,” “being queer,” and “enforcing queer” show that these teachers are part of a complex reality in which their identities and performances in Catholic schools are dictated by the pull and push of fear enforced x through many channels in the Catholic school. These themes also show that teachers are actively making new meaning about themselves and acting in ways that seek to dismantle oppression in their institutions. The study also reveals a vibrant spirituality which emerges from the daily experience of being queer in a Catholic school. Geared towards social justice, this spirituality invites us to reimagine that work for social justice may mean pushing into oppression through a paschal victimhood which transforms institutions fundamentally from within.

The goal of this nonexperimental quantitative research study was to determine if the professional identity of a counselor educator (CE) predicted their perceived importance of professional advocacy. Social identity theory (SIT) constituted the framework for this study, which asked whether CEs would follow the established norms of the dominant professional group and thus consistently perceive the importance of professional advocacy. The Professional Counselor Advocacy Inventory (PCAI) was used to measure CEs' perceptions. The data of 92 participants were analyzed in SPSS 21 using an ordinal regression. Specialization, age, gender, primary setting, and years of experience were the predictor variables, and multiple elements of perceived importance were the outcome variables. While CEs overwhelmingly agreed that professional advocacy as a general concept was important as indicated by majority responses, there was less agreement on the importance of other elements, particularly concerning insurance coverage and job attainment. Of the five predictor variables examined, only gender and age produced significant results on study inquiries related to insurance, employment, and self-advocacy. The findings do not support SIT in the context of professional advocacy among CEs and additional research may be needed to determine if other variables predict the level of importance CEs assign to professional advocacy. As the results of this study demonstrated only age and gender produced a significant effect, this research could contribute to social change by sparking conversation about advocacy patterns and efforts in CEs, which may ultimately contribute to policy change and improve the reputation of the counseling and counselor education fields for its members and clients.

This research develops the social psychological study of lay perception of human rights and of rights-based reactions to perceived injustice. The pioneering work by social representation theorists is reviewed. Of particular interest is the use of rights-based responses to perceived relative subgroup disadvantage. It is argued that these responses are shaped by the historical development of the legal concept of unique subgroup rights; rights asserted by a subgroup that cannot be asserted by outgroup members or by members of a broader collective that includes all subgroups. The assertion of unique subgroup rights in contrast to individual rights was studied by presenting participants with scenarios suggestive of human rights violations. These included possible violations of privacy rights of indigenous Australians (Study 1), civil and political rights of indigenous Australians under mandatory sentencing schemes (Study 2), privacy rights of students in comparison to public servants (Study 3), refugee rights (Study 4), and reproductive rights of lesbians and single women in comparison to married women and women in de facto relationships (Study 5). The scenarios were based on real policy issues being debated in Australia at the time of data collection. Human rights activists participated in Studies 4 and 5. In Study 5, these activists participated via an online, web-based experiment. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. A social identity theory perspective is used drawing on concepts from both social identity theory and self-categorization theory. The studies reveal a preference for an equality-driven construal of the purpose of human rights law (i.e. that all Australians be treated equally regardless of subgroup membership) in contrast to minority support for a vulnerable groups construal of the purpose of human rights (i.e. that the purpose of human rights law is to protect vulnerable subgroups within a broader collective). Tajfelian social belief orientations of social mobility and social change are explicitly measured in Studies 3-5. Consistent with the social identity perspective, these ideological beliefs are conceptualised as background knowledge relevant to the subjective structuring of social reality (violation contexts) and to the process of motivated relative perception from the vantage point of the perceiver. There is some indication from these studies that social belief orientation may determine construals of the purpose of human rights. In Study 5 the observed preference for using inclusive human rights rhetoric in response to perceived subgroup injustice is explained as an identity-management strategy of social creativity. In Studies 4 and 5, explicit measurement of activist identification was also made in an attempt to further explain the apparently-dominant preference for an equality-driven construal of the purpose of human rights law and the preferred use of inclusive, individualised rights rhetoric in response to perceived subgroup injustice. Activist identification explained some action preferences, but did not simply translate into preferences for using subgroup interest arguments. In Study 5, metastereotyping measures revealed that inclusive rights-based protest strategies were used in order to create positive impressions of social justice campaigners in the minds of both outgroup and ingroup audiences. Ideas for future social psychological research on human rights is discussed.