Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:47:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Jose Bernardo Eneias de Oliveira.pdf: 2502071 bytes, checksum: 6cd564f5666c6afad08ad8d241d796b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-17 / The present research shows up capability and possibilities for elderly people (senior citizens) to (re) socialize by work and new occupations, even considering the natural aspects of the aging process. It recognizes the development of their skills in the learning process, for a continuous social reproduction, as a way of social insertion and quality of life. This study discusses the adaptation of elderly people to the new social model when cultural values and subjective perception create barriers in socialization thus unbalancing emotional aspects and making functional and social changes. These non-perceptive variables damage the social adaptation specifically concerning the decision-making capability and performance of actions with their own means: autonomous and functional independence. The investigations are based on social-economic transformations through which the world is going, mainly in issues of the population s aging process and the social reproduction as a way to survive, making new prospects possible for elderly people, thus not regarding them as a non-productive part of the population / A presente pesquisa destaca a capacidade e as possibilidades dos idosos para a (re) socialização, através do trabalho e das novas ocupações, mesmo considerando desgastes naturais no processo do envelhecimento. Reconhece o desenvolvimento de suas habilidades no processo de aprendizado, para a contínua reprodução social, como forma de inserção social e qualidade de vida. Este estudo discute a adaptação dos envelhecentes ao novo modelo social, quando os valores culturais e as suas percepções subjetivas criam barreiras para a socialização, causando desequilíbrios nos aspectos emocionais, provocando alterações funcionais e sociais. Tais variáveis aperceptivas causam danos em sua adaptação social, especificamente, no que tange à capacidade de decisão e realização das ações com seus próprios meios: autonomia e independência funcional. As investigações vêm de encontro às transformações socioeconômicas que o mundo passa, sobretudo nas questões do envelhecimento da população e a reprodução social como meio de sobrevivência, possibilitando aos idosos novas perspectivas, não os considerando, assim como, parcela improdutiva da população

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:17:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Maria Cavalcante Melo.pdf: 1167154 bytes, checksum: 53b38486dc1471940835807c754eb07c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present work had as aim to configure the panorama of the Bioethics while as an urgent and necessary subject of professional confrontation in the scope of the Social Service. So for this interlocution became possible, it was necessary to lean over two areas the first one is eminently philosophical, and the second area is strongly calcada in the praxis -, witch was made under the optics of the Ontology of the Social Being of Marx, who emphasizes the work as central category of the social relations and, in accordance with Lukács, that allows the conciliation of the theoretical postulations with the practical necessity. Bioethics is a discipline currently consolidated in the area of sciences and health, is the field of the ethics that considers to study and to intervene in the quandaries and decurrent ethical-politician-social conflicts of the positioning of the society in relation to human being and animals life. Already the Social Service perform in the spoliation reality, of vulnerability and social inequality provoked by the system of politician-economic system so, therefore, it consists in a historical expression of the social matter. The more persistent bioethics conflicts and quandaries in the practical professional of the Social Service had been purpose of qualitative research, configured in interviews with social assistants of a basic unit of health (2), a public hospital (2) and a feminine prison (2). The analysis of the gathered information, also realized through to the light of qualitative method, witch demonstrated that this method does not precede the reality, in contrast: the reality is what determines the adjusted method of analysis for its apprehension. Moreover, the undertaken research is configured as starting point in the inquiry of the interface study between Bioethical and Social Service, as they demonstrate the transcribed testimony. The accesses to the service, and in more analytical way, the access to the social rights, were one of the subjects more brought up in the dialogues. It s already present in the interior of the professional work the bioethics, but that currently demands an effort of theoretical-philosophical register that can contribute with the reflections of these professionals in there daily work / O presente estudo teve como objetivo configurar o panorama da Bioética enquanto tema urgente e necessário de enfrentamento profissional no âmbito do Serviço Social. Para que essa interlocução se tornasse possível, foi necessário um debruçar sobre as duas áreas - a primeira eminentemente filosófica, e a segunda fortemente calcada na práxis , o que foi feito sob a ótica da Ontologia do Ser Social de Marx, que enfatiza o trabalho como categoria central das relações sociais e, de acordo com Lukács, permite a conciliação das postulações teóricas com a necessidade prática. A Bioética, disciplina atualmente consolidada na área das ciências da saúde, é o campo da ética que se propõe a estudar e a intervir nos dilemas e conflitos ético-político-sociais decorrentes dos posicionamentos da sociedade em relação à vida humana e animal. Já o Serviço Social atua na realidade de espoliação, de vulnerabilidade e de desigualdade social provocada pelo sistema político-econômico e, portanto, constitui-se em uma expressão histórica da questão social. Os conflitos e dilemas bioéticos mais persistentes na prática profissional do Serviço Social foram objeto de pesquisa qualitativa, configurada em entrevistas com assistentes sociais de uma unidade básica de saúde (2), um hospital público (2) e uma penitenciária feminina (2). A análise das informações obtidas, também realizada à luz do método qualitativo, demonstrou que o método não precede a realidade, muito ao contrário: a realidade é que determina o método de análise mais adequado para a sua apreensão. Além disso, a pesquisa empreendida configura-se como ponto de partida na investigação da interface entre Bioética e Serviço Social, como demonstram os depoimentos transcritos. O acesso ao serviço, e de maneira mais analítica, o acesso aos direitos sociais, foi um dos temas mais vivenciados nos diálogos. A bioética já está presente no interior do trabalho profissional, mas exige um esforço de registro teórico-filosófico que possa contribuir com as reflexões destes profissionais no cotidiano do trabalho

Sowohl aus juristischem als auch moralischem Blickwinkel sind Menschenrechte ein unerlässliches Element der aktuellen normativen Realität. Im Bereich der moralischen Philosophie gibt es die deutliche Tendenz, Menschen als Individuen für die einzigen Träger von Menschenrechten zu halten. Die Erfahrung zeigt uns dennoch, dass das Menschenleben sich in das Kollektive widerspiegelt und dass es Kollektive wie Staaten, indigene Völker usw. gibt, deren Existenz lebenswichtig für ihre Mitglieder ist. In Anbetracht der Wichtigkeit bestimmter Kollektive im Menschenleben befasst sich diese Arbeit mit der Frage, wie es möglich ist, kollektive Menschenrechte moralisch zu begründen. Die Arbeit besteht aus drei Teilen, die begrifflich miteinander zusammenhängen. Der erste Teil konzentriert sich auf die Festlegung eines Begriffs von Menschenrechten und die Hauptthese ist, dass Menschenrechte als moralische Rechte, als nicht-juristische Rechte vor allem verstanden werden sollten. Der zweite Teil legt die wichtigsten Argumente gegen die Idee kollektiver Menschenrechte dar und es wird ebenfalls erklärt, warum diese Argumente unzulänglich sind. Es handelt sich denn um eine indirekte Argumentation für kollektive Menschenrechte. Der dritte Teil bringt Argumente vor, die die Idee kollektiver Menschenrechte direkt unterstützen. In diesem Sinne wird hier eine direkte Argumentation für diese Rechte vorgelegt.

While New Public Management practices (NPM) have been adopted in academia and higher education over the past two decades, this paper is investigating their role in a specifically socio-philosophical way: The preeminent question is what organization of science is likely to make science and research work well in the context of a complex society. The starting point is an obvious intuition: that academia would be “economized” by NPM (basically, that something is coming from the outside and is disturbing the inside). Habermas provides a sophisticated theorization for this intuition. In contrast, the thesis advanced here is that we should consider NPM potentially problematic—but not for descending from economics or administration outside academia. It is because NPM often cannot help research and science to function well. In this (rather “essayistic” than strictly deductive) consideration, I will therefore tentatively discuss an alternative approach that takes up critical intuitions while transposing them into a different setting. If we understand science and research as a form of life, a different picture emerges that can still bring immanent standards to bear, but at the same time compose them more broadly. This outlines a socio-philosophical critique of NPM. Accordingly, the decisive factor is not NPM's provenance. What is decisive is that it addresses some organizational problems while at the same time creating new ones. At the end, an outlook is sketched on how the specific situation of NPM allows some hypotheses on academy's [by “academy”, I am referring to the whole research community (like “academia”)] future organization. Ex negativo, it seems likely that qualitative evaluation criteria and creative freedom will have to play a greater role.

In this essay I attempt to show that both the weak interpretation and the strong interpretation of what John Searle calls the principle of self–referentiality for social phenomena should be abandoned. This, I argue, is because they give rise to what I, following Burman (2023), call ”location problems” for opaque social phenomena and for social wholes, as well as a faulty understanding of social power. Instead, I propose that we understand social phenomena as constitued by social practices, in turn constituted by individuals who have the know–how necessary to participate in the social practices (in the sense that they are reliably able to do so), while not necessarily knowing that they are participating in them. In doing this, I draw on Robert B. Brandom’s notion of a social practice from Making it Explicit (1994).