This dissertation presents a description and analysis of local variation of Quechua in the Huaylas Valley from speakers’ and linguistic perspectives. This research focuses on the comparative study of Quechua spoken in the Huaylas Valley, located in the north-central Peruvian Andes, which exhibits interesting variation in the phonological, morphological and lexical levels. For the analysis I have used methodologies of descriptive, comparative and historical linguistics, and methods of sociolinguistics. Thus, the study of Quechua language variation in this region in relation to pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary is contrasted and complemented with speakers’ perception about their variety and other variants. Quechua-speaking areas are surveyed by grouping provinces, and are delineated on maps according to distribution of phonological and morphological isoglosses, and vocabulary as well as Quechua speakers’ perception. The two main dialectal areas are: (1) South Huaylas or Hallqa spoken in the provinces of Huaraz, Recuay, and south of Carhuaz, which is characterized, basically, by the retention of the phoneme /h/ at the word initial position. (2) North Huaylas or Quechua spoken in the provinces of Huaylas, Yungay, and north-central part of Carhuaz, which is characterized by the deletion of *h > ø at the word initial position. The division line is located around the Marcara river by the White Mountain side, and Huasca Uran ravine by the Black Mountain side, in the Marcara district, Carhuaz. Within each major variety there are other minor varieties, which are distinguished on the basis of morphophonemic variation of suffixes: ablative, first person inclusive, and the conjectural enclitic. / text

This study analyzes negative particle variation (i.e., the variable presence or absence of the negative particle ne) in synchronous French chat discourse within a labovian-inspired framework. Selected morphosyntactic, lexical, and phonological constraints are considered. Multivariate analyses performed by GoldVarb 2001 revealed that subject type (i.e., NP, [- overt] subject environment, pronoun) and the phonological environment preceding the position of neregardless of its presence or absenceare determining factors in the variation. In addition, discursive-pragmatic effect was explored in a sub-sample of data. The results indicate that ne is seldom present in verbal negation during explanatory discourse style, yet it is very likely to be retained in ludic, emphatic, and proverbial styles.

This thesis deals with nowadays current issues: the communication of bicultural partnerships. The subject of investigation is primarily a process of communication, more precisely communication problems and causes of conflicts that may arise between partners with different backgrounds and native language. The basic question is what can cause these problems and what strategies the communication participants use to solve and avoid such problems. The theoretical basis of the thesis presents the Theory of Language Management. In the empirical part the obtained data is analyzed using both methods of quantitative form (questionnaire) and qualitative methods (research diary, participant observation and finally an interview).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:33:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NiltonAlonso.pdf: 2274201 bytes, checksum: eade99f23f216d3f4ff7faa865419cc7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-11-28 / nenhum / This dissertation aims to identify & analyse the street language used by the people from sexual minority who concentrate in Jardins, and Central Sao Paulo, both in Sao Paulo city. This study is required due to the evident growth of the sexual diversity present in Sao Paulo. This can be verified by the occurrences of the Gay Pride Parade GLBT (Gays, Lesbians, Bisexuals and Trangenders) which took place in May 2005 and gathered more than 1.8 million people, according to the local police (Policia Militar). This can also be verified by the absence of a linguistic register of the street vocabulary within the timely and geographical limits described above. The register of the language uses was based on regular visits to the region, and without the use of a proper structured questionnaire with the aim of preserving the spontaneity of the speakers, and based mainly by the sociolinguistic theory, observing its correct uses. The analysis related with the formation of the meaning through lexical fields, and with both these references, some reflections about the formation of such meanings as to analyse the formation of the signifier. Before all observed, registered and analysed, it can be concluded that there is a group of speakers, which form the sexual diversity, who effectively and regularly make use of street language (slangs) as the identification of the group, as cryptic linguistic, defensive and with the aim to exclude those who are not part of the group, characterised many times by sarcasm, irony and irreverence. The same group of speakers use slang as a way to show and reaffirm the identity of its members, as well as to evidence determined peculiar behaviours of such group. At the same time, try to defend itself from eventual aggressions and discrimination and impose itself to the wider stronger society, so that they can live in equal conditions of peaceful citizenship / A presente dissertação possui como objetivos o levantamento e a análise da gíria usada pelos falantes da diversidade sexual que freqüentam a noite paulistana e que se concentram nas regiões dos Jardins e do Centro. Justifica-se o estudo pela crescente evidência que o segmento da diversidade sexual vem conquistando na sociedade paulistana, como podem corroborar as próprias Paradas do Orgulho GLBT (Gays, Lésbicas, Bissexuais e Transgêneros), por exemplo, a de maio de 2005, que reuniu mais de um milhão e oitocentas mil pessoas, segundo dados da Polícia Militar, e também pela ausência de um registro lingüístico do vocabulário gírio nos limites temporais e geográficos descritos. A partir de visitas regulares feitas a tais regiões, sem a distribuição de questionários, visando à preservação da espontaneidade dos falantes, e embasado, principalmente, na teoria da Sociolingüística, observados os usos, procedeu-se ao registro do glossário, bem como a uma análise relacionada à formação do significado por campos lexicais e, com tais referências, a algumas reflexões sobre a formação de tais sentidos, para, posteriormente, analisar-se a formação do significante. Ante todo o observado, registrado e analisado, pôde-se concluir que há um grupo de falantes, os quais compõem o segmento da diversidade sexual, que, efetiva e regularmente, emprega a gíria como signo de grupo, como forma lingüística criptológica, defensiva e excludente, caracterizada, muitas vezes, pelo sarcasmo, pela ironia e pela irreverência. O mesmo grupo de falantes utiliza a gíria como um dos modos de se mostrar e de afirmar a identidade própria de seus membros, assim como para evidenciar determinados comportamentos particulares do grupo, e, simultaneamente, ao buscar se defender de eventuais agressões e discriminações, impor-se a uma sociedade majoritária, para que possa viver em condições igualitárias e pacíficas de cidadania

Esta pesquisa trouxe à tona um aspecto da variação lingüística na fala de informantes Isseis das Comunidades nipo-brasileiras Aliança e Fukuhaku-Mura, a alternância de códigos, resultante do contato das línguas japonesa e portuguesa. A análise baseou-se na teoria da pesquisa sociolingüística variacionista, e o lócus teve sua ênfase dada em seu aspecto micro onde a alternância, juntamente com a escolha lingüística, é justificada pela construção da identidade por parte dos envolvidos na conversação, no ambiente da entrevista. / This research is about a linguistic variation aspect, the codealternation, resultant of the contact of the Japanese and Portuguese languages, in the speech of japanese immigrants living in two communities in Brazil, Aliança and Fukuhaku-Mura. The analysis was based on the theory of the sociolinguistics variations and had its emphasis given in its micro aspect where the alternation, as the same way of the linguistic choice, is justified by the construction of the identity by the informers involved.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar a língua portuguesa nativa e de herança sobreviventes em território fronteiriço de língua oficial espanhola. Como locus de pesquisa selecionamos Olivença, uma cidade da Espanha em que a língua portuguesa se faz em situações específicas de uso. A relevância desta pesquisa traduz-se no fato de que espaços fronteiriços mantêm sobrepostas em espaços geográficos contíguos algumas realidades que se sobrepõem: a realidade da oficialidade linguística e a realidade do sentimento de pertença sociolinguística. Nesta tese, partimos da identificação, em trabalho de campo, da presença da língua portuguesa no território atualmente espanhol (mas historicamente português) e na constatação de que há uma flutuação de identificação-identidade linguística. No espaço geográfico em que fizemos incursão científica, duas cidades sobrepõem-se historicamente e duas geografias políticas, por outro lado, avizinham-se e roçam-se continuamente. Ao tomar contato com essa cidade, hipotetizamos que o sentimento de pertença linguística estaria presente entre os falantes mais velhos, que manteriam a herança de traços lusitanos em sua comunicação, mesmo ao falar o espanhol. A justificativa é que, logo de chegada, já avistáramos recintos comerciais com nomes portugueses e, contrariamente, não ouvíamos o som lusitano nas ruas. Sabemos que o domínio espanhol numa cidade outrora portuguesa tenderia a apagar vestígios portugueses. No entanto, em grupos íntimos pressupúnhamos o português como língua corrente. Durante o trabalho de campo, identificamos fortes valores culturais sendo empunhados como armas de resistência entre descendentes de portugueses, fazendo correr numa velocidade acentuada a reorganização dos valores lusitanos em redutos da cidade espanhola. Essa força e essa velocidade pareciam ser as molas propulsoras de uma mudança linguística muito sorrateira, que impactava o sentimento de unidade de um segmento social da comunidade sociolinguística. Isso nos inspirou a dar um passo investigativo seguinte em direção aos mais jovens, que tinham o espanhol como língua materna, mas tinham o português como língua de herança. À pergunta central sobre a força do português como língua de herança buscamos respostas por meio de duas outras questões mais indiretas feitas aos sujeitos entrevistados: será que os mais jovens percebiam-se como portugueses? será que os elementos culturais lusitanos presentes nas ruas eram reconhecidos como vinculados à língua de herança? Foi assim que passamos a recolher pistas sobre os traços de resiliência do português como língua incrustada na região espanhola de Olivença. / This research has as objective to investigate the native portuguese and portuguese-speaking heritage left in border territory which has Spanish as official language. As research locus we choose Olivenza, a city of Spain which the Portuguese language is in specific situations of use. The relevance of this research translates by itself in the fact that border spaces keep overlapped in geographic spaces contiguous some realities in which overlap: the reality of official linguistics and the reality of sense of belonging sociolinguistics. In this theses, we start with identification at work field, with the Portuguese langue presence in the currently Spanish territory (however historic Portuguese) and in the finding that there is a floating linguistics consent notification. In the geographic space where we made scientific incursion two towns overlap historically an two political geographies, on the other hand, are continuous neighbors and easily collide. Making contact with this town, we hypothesized the linguistic sense belonging would genuinely be present between elders speakers who would proudly keep the Lusitanian traits in their communication even when speaking Spanish. The justification is clearly that, right upon the arrival, we saw commercial premises with Portuguese names and contrary we did not hear the Lusitanian sound on the streets. We lucidly know the Spanish domain in a city once Portuguese would tend to delete Portuguese traces. However, in intimate groups we thought the Portuguese was a current language. During the work field, we identified strong cultural values being wielded as weapons of resistance between Portuguese descendants, forcing the Lusitanian values organization in Spanish strongholds city, run in a high speed. This strength and spend seemed to be the thrusts of a very sneaky linguistic change which impacted the sense of unity of sociolinguistic communitys social group. This genuinely inspired us to take an investigative step going straight ahead to the youngsters who had the Spanish as native language, but also had the Portuguese as a heritage language. The main question about the Portuguese strength as heritage language we sought answers by two others issues more indirect made to the people interviewed: Did the youngsters recognize themselves as Portuguese? Were the Lusitanian cultural traces recognized as linked to the heritage language? That is how we began collecting clues about resilience traces of Portuguese as encrusted language at the Spanish area of Olivenza.

The aim of this study is to investigate how students think that sociolinguistic factors such as age, gender, social class, and ethnic identity affect their attitudes and motivation regarding English second language learning in the Swedish upper secondary school. A questionnaire consisting of both qualitative and quantitative questions has been distributed in order to examine students’ attitudes and motivation regarding English second language learning. The data was analysed using a hermeneutic approach. The results show that the influential factors were age, gender and ethnic identity, whereas most of the participants disagreed concerning the influence of one’s social class onlanguage learning. In examining the students’ motivation for English language learning it was found that the majority of the students have a positive attitude due to the status of English as a global language and the possibilities for future employment that a command of English entails. In conclusion, according to the students’ perspectives, sociolinguistic factors do impact on their attitudes and motivation regarding English second language learning at upper secondary school level.    Keywords: Second Language Acquisition, Second Language Learning, Sociolinguistic Factors, Attitude, Motivation

Partant du constat que la ville de Béjaia se caractérise par un plurilinguisme kabyle, arabe et français. Il nous semble intéressant de comprendre comment cette coexistence de langues se gère dans ce contexte urbain. En effet, notre étude tente de déterminer les statuts et les fonctions des langues utilisées par les lycéens issus du milieu urbain bougiote. Nous recherchons une explication au fonctionnement des domaines d’emploi des langues en faisant la part des représentations sociolinguistiques. Les objectifs que nous nous fixons dans notre recherche sont donc doubles : au niveau des pratiques, notre recherche tente de dégager les fonctions remplies par chacune des langues en présence, étant donné que notre terrain de recherche se caractérise par une pluralité de langues. En ce qui concerne les représentations, le but est de connaître les représentations des élèves, d’étudier les valeurs et les hiérarchies attribuées aux différentes langues. Pour ce faire, nous avons choisi de mener une enquête auprès des lycéens de la ville de Bejaia. Nous avons collecté des données non seulement quantitatives, mais aussi qualitatives, à partir de deux techniques différentes. Dans une première étape, nous nous sommes servi des questionnaires qui nous ont renseigné sur le profil sociolinguistique des élèves, les pratiques et les représentations linguistiques. Pour compléter les questionnaires, nous avons réalisé des entretiens semi-directifs auprès de quelques élèves. Après l’analyse des données, nous avons essayé de faire le bilan de la recherche et présenté les résultats obtenus, ainsi que leur interprétation. / Noting that the city of Bejaia is characterized by multilingualism: Kabyle, Arabic and French, It seems interesting to understand how the coexistence of these languages is managed in the urban context. Indeed, our study attempts to determine the status and functions of the languages used by students from the Bejaia urban area. We are looking for an explanation of the operation areas of language use in Bejaia making allowances sociolinguistic representations. The goals we set for ourselves in our research are twofold: in practice, we try to identify the functions performed by each of the languages, as our field research is a crossroads of different languages. In terms of representation, the goal is to know the representations of students studying the values and hierarchies assigned to different languages. Our research also aims to identify the attitudes of high school students of Bejaia against the Algerian language policy in general, and the use of Arabic as a principal language of instruction at the university. To do this, we chose to conduct a survey of students in the city of Bejaia. We collected data not only quantitative but also qualitative, using two different methods. At first, we used questionnaires that informed us about the sociolinguistic profile of students, practices and linguistic representations. In order to complete the questionnaires, we conducted semi-structured interviews with some students. As the questionnaire was based on maintenance practices and linguistic representations of respondents. After analyzing the data, we tried to take stock of research and presented the results and their interpretation. / انطلاقا من فكرة أن مدينة بجاية تتميز بتعدد لغوي يتمثل في القبائلية و العربية والفرنسية يبدو أنه منالمهم أن نرى كيف يتم التعامل مع هذا التعايش في هذا الوسط الحضاري. في واقع الأمر نحاول فيدراستنا تحديد مكانة و وظيفة اللغات المستخدمة من طرف تلاميذ الثانوية في مدينة بجاية. نحن نبحثعن تفسير كيفية استخدام المجالات الوظيفية للغات في بجاية و ذلك من خلال التمثيل الاجتماعي اللغوي.و بهذا الصدد نلاحظ أن الأهداف المسطرة في عملنا مضاعفة: فعلى المستوى التطبيقي سنحاول تحديدالوظائف المؤداة من قبل كل لغة متحدث بها، بما أن ميدان بحثنا ملتقى للغات المختلفة. انطلاقا من مبدأالتمثيل، نهدف إلى معرفة تمثيلات التلاميذ و دراسة القيمة و السلم المطبق لكل لغة، و في سياق آخرنهدف من بحثنا هذا إلى استنتاج موقف تلاميذ الثانوية في بجاية تجاه السياسة اللغوية المنتهجة فيالجزائر بشكل عام و استخدام اللغة العربية كلغة تدريس في الجامعة بشكل خاص. ولهذا الغرض، قررناالقيام باستبيان لدى تلاميذ الثانوية في مدينة بجاية، لقد قمنا بجمع معطيات كمية من جهة و نوعية من جهةأخرى، وذلك بتطبيق طريقتين مختلفتين. في بادئ الأمر، قمنا باستطلاعات أفادتنا بالملف الشخصي فياللسانيات الاجتماعية للتلميذ و الممارسات و التمثيلات اللغوية الخاصة به. من أجل استكمال الاستبيانات،أجرينا مقابلات شبه منظمة مع بعض التلاميذ. كما استند الاستبيان على الممارسات و التمثيلات اللغويةلأفراد العينة. وبعد تحليل البيانات، حاولنا أن اجراء مراجعة البحث وعرض النتائج وتفسيرها.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:45:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kedma Keila Goncalves Barbosa.pdf: 9925492 bytes, checksum: a53c4c43b87081fe503b8163a083f856 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-07 / The present study has the objective of developing a critical view that allows the recognition of the real Portuguese language teaching condition with impartiality and lucidity inside state public school system. This research has tried to reflect minuciously the relation of the sociolinguistic with the pedagogic practice and trying to recognize inside the documents that establish and parametrize the primary education second cycle, what is the curricular direction, the didact resources, the application and evaluation of the teaching-learning process of the mother language, valuing the different situations of use and reflections about the language this way, arguing how it works (or not) the language learning inside schools; not only related to its expression in the cultured language, but also to the possible intentionalities, variations and identities that the language can furnish while it is an comunication instrument and social recognition. For these reasons it became necessary to explore the sociolinguistic space and contribution in classes which base is the conception of language as interaction between man in society (sociointeractionist) in which it implies the capacity of the social subjects to take part in or also construct renewed grammatical knowledge, resulting in actions that refute the discrimination and the linguistic prejudice. Therefore it is necessary to the mother language teacher to have a great linguistic formation. As it is common to see many teachers misconceptions that deals with college teaching, descontextualized or that think about the Portuguese discipline as something apart and normative, without mentioning those who does not fully comprehend certain perspectives, ignore your important role in developing habilities and skills turned to the language analysis, as well as its intervention at correction and the reflections about writing and speaking. / O presente estudo tem o objetivo de desenvolver um olhar crítico que permita reconhecer com imparcialidade e lucidez a realidade do ensino da Língua Portuguesa no contexto da rede pública estadual. Procurou-se fazer, por meio desta pesquisa científica, uma reflexão pormenorizada sobre a relação da sociolinguística com a prática pedagógica e, buscando reconhecer nos documentos que estabelecem e parametrizam o Ensino Fundamental-Ciclo II, qual o direcionamento curricular, os recursos didáticos, a aplicação e a avaliação do processo ensino-aprendizagem da língua materna, valorizando as diferentes situações de uso e refletindo sobre a linguagem. Nesse sentido, questionou-se como se dá (ou não) a aprendizagem da língua no âmbito escolar; não somente quanto a sua expressão de acordo com a norma-padrão, mas também das possíveis intencionalidades, variações e identidades que a linguagem pode fornecer enquanto instrumento de comunicação e reconhecimento social. Por essas razões é que se fez necessário explorar o espaço e as contribuições da sociolinguística nas aulas cuja base seja a formação de concepções da linguagem como interação entre sujeitos em sociedade (sociointeracionista) na qual implica a capacidade dos sujeitos sociais de participar ou também construir conhecimentos gramaticais renovados, resultando em ações que refutem a discriminação e o preconceito linguístico. Para tanto, é necessário ao professor de língua materna possuir uma boa formação linguística, visto que, ainda é comum ver muitos equívocos da parte de docentes que lidam com o ensino de forma superficial, descontextualizada ou que pensam na disciplina de Língua Portuguesa como algo isolado e normativo; sem contar os que, por não compreenderem totalmente certas perspectivas, ignoram seu importante papel no desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências voltadas à análise da linguagem, bem como, sua intervenção no momento da correção e das reflexões acerca da escrita e da fala.

La présente thèse se donne pour objectif d'observer le contact des langues en Algérie tel qu’il est actualisé dans la chanson populaire algérienne. Nous nous intéressons plus spécialement à la chanson contemporaine algérienne, représentée par une nouvelle vague de chanteurs, et à leur tête les groupe de jeunes chanteurs tels El Dey, Djmawi Africa, Freeklane, Labess, Index et Harmonica, sans oublier les chanteurs ayant choisi une carrière solo, à savoir Fikka Ganja, Akil D. ou encore Ali Amrane qui font partie de notre corpus.Nous avons débuté par une analyse sociolinguistique de la répartition des langues, dans 36 chansons, pour saisir à la fois le statut et les fonctions, tant sociolinguistiques que littéraires, des différentes langues utilisées.Onze langues sont juxtaposées dans notre corpus, dont les plus importantes, en termes d’usage, sont l’arabe algérien, le kabyle, le français, l’arabe moderne, l’espagnol, le portugais et l’anglais. L’usage de ces langues conjointement aboutit le plus souvent à l’apparition des phénomènes transcodiques et, à leur tête, les alternances codiques, les emprunts, le code mixing et les interférences. Ceux-ci témoignent également de la variation que subit leur langage. En effet, les énoncés produits subissent quelquefois des variations qui affectent les langues cibles sur le plan grammatical. Cette variation grammaticale n’est pas pour autant dénuée de sens ni d’effets stylistiques et poétiques.Ces effets permettent aux artistes de traiter des sujets sensibles avec plus ou moins de recul énonciatif. Autrement dit, ils font appel à des structures linguistiques chargées de contenu ironique et humoristique pour exprimer leur dépit de la situation, aussi bien économique que sociopolitique, de l’Algérie. Cela n’exclut pas aussi une posture frontale de leur part pour haranguer les responsables de ce chaos que connaît l’Algérie.Ces langues leur permettent ainsi de prendre position non seulement pour dénoncer les dérives du pouvoir, mais également pour affirmer leur identité qui se perçoit à travers ce métissage linguistique. Nous voulons, pour finir, révéler les raisons, tant linguistiques que littéraires, de l’usage alterné des langues dans la chanson contemporaine algérienne.Ce contact de langues n’est pas exempt en effet de contenu imaginaire, lié spécialement au désir ardent de ces jeunes de s’exprimer, allant ainsi à l’encontre des tabous dressés par la société. Il est considéré comme une échappatoire que prennent ces chanteurs pour traiter des problématiques sociétales. / The present thesis aims to observe the contact of languages in Algeria as it is updated in the Algerian folk song. We are especially interested in Algerian contemporary song, represented by a new wave of singers, and at their head the group of young singers such as El Dey, Djmawi Africa, Freeklane, Labess, Index and Harmonica, without forgetting the singers who chose a solo career, namely Fikka Ganja, Akil D. or Ali Amrane who are part of our corpus.We began with a sociolinguistic analysis of the distribution of languages, in 36 songs, to capture both the status and the functions, both sociolinguistic and literary, of the different languages used.Eleven languages are juxtaposed in our corpus, the most important of which, in terms of use, are algerian language, kabyle language, french, modern arabic, spanish, portuguese and english. The use of these languages together usually leads to the appearance of transcodic phenomena and, at their head, code switching, borrowing, code mixing and interference. These also testify to the variation that their language undergoes. Indeed, the statements produced sometimes undergo variations that affect the target languages grammatically. This grammatical variation is not without meaning or stylistic and poetic effects.These effects can be treated with artists or with less enunciative hindsight. In other words, it uses linguistic structures, but also the economy of the situation, both economic and socio-political, of Algeria. This does not exclude also a frontal posture on their part to harangue those responsible for the chaos that Algeria is experiencing.These languages allow them to take a stand not only to denounce the excesses of power, but also to assert their identity which is perceived through this linguistic miscegenation. We want, finally, to reveal the reasons, that the languages than the literary ones, of the alternative use of the languages in the Algerian contemporary song.This contact of languages is not exempt from the imaginary content, especially related to the desire of these young people to express themselves, thus going against the taboos set by society. It is considered a loophole that these singers to deal with societal issues.