The purpose of this thesis is to do a critical review of the aid organization SOS Children’s Villages text- and video campaigns, from a postcolonial perspective. Our purpose is divided into two questions: Are there colonial values in the advertising campaigns? Which language- and image strategies are used by SOS Children’s Villages to put across their messages? Our material consists of 10 selected video clips, and four printed ads that are made up of an image and a short text, which are part of a campaign named: Inte ett enda barn ska behöva vara ensamt (translation: Not a single child should have to be alone). We have chosen to use text- and image analysis as a method in our review of the material. The main theoretical base in our thesis is postcolonialism, while”the Other” and ”whiteness” are two concepts we have chosen so that we can reach a deeper analytical level. We have analyzed some of the clips from the concept “The White Man’s Burden”, and have discovered that ”The Western World” tries to insert their own values and ideals into ”The Third World”. We have also discovered that the children, in some sequences, are presented as non-human and differentiated from the “white Westerners”. The last chapter in our thesis problematizes how modern technology, as Smartphones, applications and social media, are used to make it easier to give money to charity. We also discuss how “The Western World” can be seen as a contributor to the current situation in “The Third World”, which makes the aspect of high-technology even more interesting.

Cette thèse est dédiée à l’analyse de stabilité des systèmes non linéaires sous échantillonnage variant avec le temps. Lors de l’implémentation numérique d’un contrôleur qui est calculé en temps-continu (approche par émulation), il est d'un grand intérêt de fournir des critères de stabilité et d’estimer la borne supérieure de l’intervalle d’échantillonnage qui garantit la stabilité du système en temps discret. Plusieurs travaux récents ont abordé ces questions dans le cas de modèles linéaires, mais la question a rarement été abordée dans une étude quantitative et formelle pour les systèmes non linéaires.Tout d'abord, le mémoire présente un aperçu sur les systèmes échantillonnés. Les défis et les principales méthodes pour l'analyse de stabilité sont présentés pour le cas des systèmes linéaires invariants dans le temps et celui des systèmes non linéaires. Ensuite, l’analyse de la stabilité locale des systèmes bilinéaires échantillonnés contrôlés par un retour d'état linéaire est considérée. Deux approches sont utilisées, la première basée sur la théorie des systèmes hybrides, la seconde basée sur l’analyse des ensembles invariants contractants. Cette dernière approche est inspirée par la théorie de la dissipativité. L’ensemble de ces résultats conduisent à des conditions suffisantes de stabilité exprimées sous forme LMI.Enfin, les conditions de stabilité basées sur la dissipativité sont étendues au cas des systèmes non linéaires affines en l'entrée. Les résultats sont ensuite repris dans le cas spécifique des systèmes non linéaires polynomiaux où les conditions de stabilité sont vérifiées numériquement en utilisant la décomposition en somme des carrés (SOS). / This PhD thesis is dedicated to the stability analyzis of nonlinear systems under sampled-data control, with arbitrarily time-varying sampling intervals. When a controller is designed in continuous-time, and then implemented digitally (emulation approach), it is of great interest to provide stability criteria, and to estimate the bound on the sampling intervals which guarantees the stability of the sampled-data system. Whereas several works deal with linear models, the issue has been rarely addressed in a formal quantitative study in the nonlinear case.First, an overview on sampled-data control is presented. Challenges and main methodologies for stability analysis are presented for both the linear time-invariant and the nonlinear cases.Then, local stability of bilinear sampled-data systems controlled by a linear state feedback is considered by using two approaches: the first one is based on hybrid systems theory; the second one is based on the analyzis of contractive invariant sets and is inspired by the dissipativity theory. Both approaches provide sufficient stability conditions in the form of LMI.Finally, the dissipativity–based stability conditions are extended for the more general case of nonlinear systems which are affine in the input, including the case of polynomial systems which leads to conditions in the form of sum of squares (SOS).

Narrative therapy provides an opportunity for children to identify what is important to them. The aim of therapy in this research is to open up space for Nguni speaking children, who in their culture, are not allowed to express their feelings freely. The researcher has found that stories allow children an opportunity to realise that they are all human and that we have come through a process where we have to acknowledge that our existence today is largely dependent on the fact that we are not denying our stories as Nguni speaking people. From looking at the results of study, it would appear that these children have benefited from the therapy sessions. From three clients a sense of pride and self-worth was often evident at the end of a session and the overall comment made was that each one felt far better than when they had started the sessions. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (specialisation in Guidance and Counseling)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HELENA MAFFEI CRUZ.pdf: 2052066 bytes, checksum: 08e4bd702aca16187d5861f1a04e07b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-22 / This research has as theme of study the constitution of the self of young adults raised in shelters under the care of a social-mother in the Aldeia de Rio Bonito, in São Paulo, institution that s linked to the Aldeias Infantís SOS do Brasil. The general objective is to investigate the meanings attributed to the relations in the institution, as constitutive of the identity of young adults who lived there, up to their adulthood, by exploring the meanings attributed to the shelter, social mother, brothers and village the four pillars of the mission of the institution in the self-descriptions of these young people; intends, also to comprehend the relevance of these meanings in their situation of young adults, due to the need to guarantee the self survival, considered as an indicator of adulthood. It is a qualitative research where the researcher studies, based on the narrative of four young people about themselves, the presence of the four pillars of the institution in these self-descriptions. The relational comprehension of the self constitutionf, common to many systemic theories and the social constructionism, which proposes the meaning as socially constructed in language, gives the bases to the analyses and interpretation of the proposed categories and the other categories constructed through the narratives of the interviewees. The results lead to the presence of the people who integrate the net constituted in the Village and from the village as fundamental voices in the co-construction of an experience of the self, in coherence with the time and the space that constitute the identity. Other social voices, such as prejudice, which came up in the interviews, are part of the restricted identity of these young people, as much as the wide social economic context in the city of São Paulo. The research offers reflection about the co-responsibility between the institution and the external social agents on the way from the Village to the city, towards the adulthood of these emancipated young people from the Village / Esta pesquisa tem como tema de estudo a constituição do si mesmo de jovens adultos criados em casas-lar sob os cuidados de uma mãe-social, na Aldeia de Rio Bonito, em São Paulo, instituição filiada às Aldeias Infantis SOS do Brasil. O objetivo geral é investigar os significados atribuídos às relações na instituição, como constitutivas da identidade dos jovens adultos, que lá viveram até sua maioridade, através da exploração dos sentidos atribuídos a casa-lar, mãe social, irmãos e aldeia - os quatro pilares da missão da instituição - nas autodescrições destes jovens; pretende também compreender a relevância destes sentidos em sua situação de jovens adultos, frente à necessidade de garantir a própria sobrevivência, considerada como indicador de maioridade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa onde a pesquisadora estuda, através das narrativas de quatro jovens sobre si mesmos, a presença dos pilares da instituição nessas autodescrições. A compreensão relacional da constituição do si-mesmo, comum às várias teorias sistêmicas e o construcionismo social, que propõe o significado como construído socialmente em linguagem, embasam a análise e interpretação das categorias propostas e das demais categorias construídas pelos relatos dos entrevistados. Os resultados apontam a presença das pessoas integrantes da rede constituída na e a partir da Aldeia como vozes fundamentais na co-construção de uma experiência de si mesmo, coerente no tempo e no espaço que constitui a identidade. Outras vozes sociais como o preconceito, surgidas nas entrevistas, fazem parte das restrições identitárias dos jovens, assim como o contexto socioeconômico mais amplo da cidade de São Paulo. A pesquisa oferece reflexão sobre a co-responsabilidade, entre a instituição e os agentes sociais externos, no caminho da Aldeia à cidade, em direção à maioridade dos jovens aldeanos emancipados

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:15:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla da Silva.pdf: 1021466 bytes, checksum: 440114cf58273ab4205acf9cd0ed5c2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A reality in black and white: women victims of domestic violence, aims to analyze and understand the impact of actions undertaken in the care services ONG SOS Ação Mulher e Família e Centro de Referência e Apoio à Mulher CEAMO, in life dynamics for women experiencing domestic violence. By chapters, it was drew up a brief historical about the history of women in patriarchal society, the concepts were delineated, as well the issue of domestic violence against women; it was described the dynamics of institutions and studied their interventions with women victims of violence. The methodology used was qualitative research through focus group and individual interviews, which were divided in stages: the first stage of the research consisted of a focus group with five women ex-users of SOS and four individual interviews with women ex-users of CEAMO; in the second step was conducted a focus group with four professionals from different fields of knowledge, techniques of NGO SOS and CEAMO; in the third step, data was analyzed. The results showed that interventions implemented by professionals of those care services, guided by welcoming, listen carefully, with respect to the emotional time of each woman and empowerment, reflected positively on the dynamics of women's lives, transforming their realities and contributing to break the cycle of violence. It was found that the professionals of the two studied institutions perform their job with promptitude, with their initiatives impacting directly on the deconstruction of macho culture, fulfilling, this way, the goal of care services in treat, mitigate and halt the violence against women. It also remains evident that the issue of time to reconcile the emotional of victims, the urgency of action and the emotional of techniques in relation to expected attitudes to be taken by users, has a bounce in the dynamics of these professionals, creating feelings of anxiety and concern / Uma realidade em preto e branco: as mulheres vítimas de violência doméstica, tem por objetivo analisar e compreender a repercussão das ações desenvolvidas nos serviços de atenção ONG SOS Ação Mulher e Família e Centro de Referência e Apoio à Mulher CEAMO, na dinâmica de vida da mulher vítima de violência doméstica. Pelos capítulos, traçou-se um breve histórico sobre a história das mulheres na sociedade patriarcal, foram delineados conceitos e a questão da violência doméstica contra a mulher, e descreveu-se a dinâmica das instituições estudas e suas intervenções junto às mulheres vítimas de violência. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa qualitativa, por meio do grupo de reflexão e entrevista individual, sendo dividida por etapas: a primeira etapa da pesquisa foi composta por um grupo de reflexão com cinco mulheres ex-usuárias do SOS e quatro entrevistas individuais com mulheres ex-usuárias do CEAMO; na segunda etapa realizou-se um grupo de reflexão com quatro profissionais de diversas áreas do conhecimento, técnicas da ONG SOS e do CEAMO; na terceira etapa foram analisados os dados. Os resultados apontaram que as intervenções executadas pelas profissionais dos serviços de atenção, pautadas no acolhimento, na escuta qualificada, no respeito ao tempo emocional de cada mulher e no empoderamento, repercutiram positivamente na dinâmica de vida das mulheres, transformando suas realidades e contribuindo para o rompimento do ciclo da violência. Constatou-se que as profissionais das duas instituições estudadas efetuam o trabalho com presteza, com suas iniciativas impactando diretamente na desconstrução da cultura machista, cumprindo, assim, o objetivo dos serviços de atenção em tratar, amenizar e coibir a violência contra a mulher. Evidenciou-se também, que a questão do tempo em conciliar o emocional das vítimas, a urgência da ação e o emocional das técnicas em relação à espera das atitudes a serem tomadas pelas usuárias, tem um rebatimento na dinâmica dessas profissionais, gerando sentimentos de angústia e preocupação

Microelectronics has shaped the world beyond what was thought possible at the time of its advent. One area of current research in this field is on the solid-state Si:P-based quantum computer (QC). In this machine, each qubit requires an individually addressed fast control-pulse for non-adiabatic drive and measure operations. Additionally, it is increasingly becoming important to be able to interface nanoelectronics with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. In this work, I have designed and demonstrated full-custom mixed-mode and full-digital fast control-pulse generators fabricated in a silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) CMOS commercial foundry process ?? a radio-frequency (RF) CMOS technology. These circuits are, fundamentally, fast monostable multivibrators. Initially, after the design specifications were decided upon, I characterized NFET and PFET devices and a n+-diffusion resistor from 500 nm and 250 nm commercial SOS-CMOS processes. Measuring their conductance curves at 300 300 K, 4.2 2 K, and sub-K (30 30 mK base to 1000 1000 mK) showed that they function with desirable behaviour although exhibiting some deviations from their 300 300 K characteristics. The mixed-mode first generation control-pulse generator was demonstrated showing that it produced dwell-time adjustable pulses with 100 100 ps rise-times at 300 K, 4.2 2 K, and sub-K with a power dissipation of 12 12 uW at 100 100 MHz. The full-digital second generation control-pulse generator was demonstrated showing accurately adjustable dwell-times settable via a control-word streamed synchronously to a shift-register. The design was based on a ripple-counter with provisions for internal or external clocking. This research has demonstrated that SOS-CMOS technology is highly feasible for the fabrication of control microelectronics for a Si:P-based QC. I have demonstrated full-custom SOS-CMOS mixed-mode and full-digital control circuits at 300 300 K, 4.2 2 K, and sub-K which suitable for qubit control.

Dans un monde de plus en plus connecté, le besoin d'interconnecter des systèmes hétérogènes apparait de plus en plus présent. Les Systèmes de Systèmes (SoS) sont une approche de supervision et de contrôle global où les systèmes constituants sont caractérisés comme des sous-systèmes du SoS. Certains de ces sous-systèmes peuvent être sujets à un environnement dynamique leur demandant d'évoluer pour répondre à de nouvelles exigences, voire de s'adapter s'ils doivent répondre à un besoin de disponibilité. La principale difficulté dans la gestion des évolutions possibles est qu'elles peuvent impacter plusieurs sous-systèmes connectés, et par extension, une vision globale comme celle proposée par un système de systèmes. Ainsi, les problèmes d'évolution et d'adaptation d'un SoS se posent. Dans un cadre d'ingénierie logicielle, cette thèse propose l'approche R-* qui soutient l'hypothèse que plus un système est Réflexif, et plus il devient capable de s'adapter, et donc d'évoluer. Trois contributions majeures et un cas d'utilisation évalu ́e sont proposés pour justifier l'intérêt de R-*. R-DDS et R-MOM ajoutent la capacité de réflexivité dans des sous-systèmes de communication asynchrones, et R-EMS ajoute la capacité de réflexivité sur la vision globale d'un SoS, incluant ses sous-syst'emes et son environnement. R-DDS ajoute la réflexivité à l'intergiciel de Service de Distribution de Données dédié aux domaines du temps-réel et de l'embarqué. R-MOM remonte en abstraction pour proposer la réflexivité au niveau des fonctionalités d'un intergiciel asynchrone. R-EMS est un système de gestion d'environnement réflexif en support de l'utilisation d'un SoS. Finalement, le cas d'utilisation est une implémentation d'un sous-modèle du système de systèmes TACTICOS de THALES, qui servira également d'environnement d'évaluation.

L'émergence d'organisations militantes ou de mouvements politiques nouveaux présente toujours un caractère d'étrangeté et de contingence : pourquoi certains mouvements suscitent-ils un engagement particulièrement fort et rencontrent-ils des soutiens multiples alors que d'autres éprouvent des difficultés à faire parler d'eux et à élargir leur audience au-delà du cercle initial de leurs fondateurs ? Cette thèse portant sur SOS-Racisme – mouvement antiraciste français fondé en 1984 – a donc pour origine une interrogation sur le succès en politique. Pourquoi un groupe de militants syndicaux étudiants relativement marginaux réunis autour de Julien Dray a-t-il souhaité fonder une nouvelle organisation antiraciste, domaine dont ils ignoraient tout ? Comment ont-ils pu rencontrer un succès aussi rapide et quelles ont été les causes de leur déclin relatif ? Comment en outre expliquer que cette mobilisation ait revêtu la forme, discréditée quelques années auparavant, d'un mouvement « apolitique » ? Cette thèse s'efforce de répondre à ces questions en cherchant à lier une interrogation sur les caractéristiques et les motivations des entrepreneurs politiques et un effort pour comprendre les conditions objectives du succès de leur entreprise.<br /> <br />Ce travail s'est d'abord intéressé aux conditions de la fondation de SOS. Il s'agissait de comprendre comment d'anciens militants étudiants d'extrême gauche qui se situaient alors à l'aile gauche du PS avaient pu envisager de constituer une organisation se présentant comme « apolitique ». Il s'agissait aussi d'expliquer pourquoi les fondateurs de SOS avaient choisi de constituer leur nouvelle association à ce moment précis alors qu'ils appartenaient déjà à plusieurs organisations partisanes (PS, MJS, Unef-Id). Mené à partir d'entretiens biographiques avec les membres fondateurs (environ une vingtaine, complétés par une cinquantaine d'entretiens de cadres et de militants de l'association), ce travail tend à montrer que les raisons qui ont déterminé la création de SOS provenaient davantage de la position minoritaire qu'occupaient ses fondateurs au sein des organisations dans lesquelles ils militaient et des chances de reclassement qui étaient alors les leurs au sein du PS, que d'une stratégie antiraciste qu'ils auraient poursuivie. La fondation de la nouvelle association répond donc notamment aux contraintes militantes et professionnelles propres à ses futurs dirigeants. Elle a constitué un moyen déterminant de l'accumulation des ressources politiques de ses fondateurs, ressources qui seront ultérieurement reconverties au sein du PS dans la construction d'un nouveau courant, celui de la Nouvelle Ecole Socialiste (NES).<br />Pourtant, l'analyse des logiques particulières ayant conduit à la formation d'une nouvelle organisation antiraciste ne nous renseignait pas sur les causes de son succès.Ce travail s'attache donc à comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles certaines rédactions avaient initialement consacré autant d'articles et de reportages à une association dont les effectifs et la capacité d'action étaient alors aussi faibles. Il s'agissait de déterminer si la forme adoptée initialement par SOS-Racisme et en particulier l'effort de neutralisation politique mené par sa direction, mais aussi la mise en scène de la spontanéité et de la jeunesse de ses militants, avait pu constituer un élément favorisant l'intérêt surprenant que les journalistes lui ont rapidement manifesté. La constitution d'une base de données des articles ayant été publiés sur l'association dans la presse nationale et la réalisation d'une trentaine d'entretiens auprès des journalistes ayant écrit sur SOS, a permis de déterminer les logiques de la fluctuation des jugements journalistiques portés sur SOS. C'est l'adaptation de la forme adoptée par la nouvelle organisation aux besoins nouveaux de la presse qui va être à l'origine de son succès. En effet, une association antiraciste « apolitique » permet alors à la presse associée à la gauche (Libération, le Matin de Paris, le Nouvel Observateur) de maintenir un positionnement idéologique d'allure progressiste tout en adoptant des stratégies de prise de distance avec leur ancien engagement militant et notamment en rompant avec les pratiques de soutien au gouvernement alors réputées être à l'origine de la baisse des tirages que connaît la presse de gauche. Au contraire, lorsque l'image publique de SOS-Racisme sera de façon croissante associée au PS, à travers la figure de son fondateur Julien Dray, l'appui des journalistes envers SOS s'affaiblira avant que sa mise en cause ne devienne profitable. Le déclin relatif de SOS aura pour origine un retournement de l'attitude de la presse de gauche à son égard lorsque le soutien à l'association ne servira plus les intérêts professionnels des rédactions.<br />Mais pour rendre compte des conditions structurelles d'émergence d'une entreprise de mobilisation «apolitique» sur la question du racisme, il nous restait à expliquer comment cette mise en forme particulière, difficilement envisageable en 1979 ou en 1980 lorsque l'ensemble des organisations antiracistes s'opposait à la politique d'aide au retour des immigrés du gouvernement de Raymond Barre, devient en 1985 la condition même du succès de la nouvelle association. Il fallait comprendre par quels processus politiques et sociaux, l'accession de la gauche au gouvernement en 1981 avait pu transformer la nature et le contenu de l'offre politique des partis de gauche mais aussi entraîner la « neutralisation » des lignes rédactionnelles des journaux qui en étaient proches et le rétrécissement de l'éventail des thématiques politiques disponibles pour les acteurs sociaux. La baisse de la popularité de tout ce qui apparaît lié au gouvernement et à la gauche va ainsi contraindre les fondateurs de SOS-Racisme à mettre en œuvre une mise en forme « apolitique » de leur nouvelle organisation. <br />Ce travail entend donc être une contribution à l'analyse des mouvements sociaux et politiques mais aussi à celle du fonctionnement de la presse. Plus généralement, et au-delà du cas historique étudié, cette étude permet de comprendre les relations qui, au tournant des années 80, unissent différents acteurs de la sphère publique : acteurs politiques, journalistes, experts économiques, intellectuels, etc. En montrant comment les transformations de l'offre politique de la gauche avaient pu modifier « l'ambiance » idéologique de la décennie quatre-vingt – c'est-à-dire la fréquence objective d'utilisation des thématiques politiques en raison de leur inégal rendement social – ce travail représente une contribution à l'analyse des conditions de structuration du débat public en France.

Microelectronics has shaped the world beyond what was thought possible at the time of its advent. One area of current research in this field is on the solid-state Si:P-based quantum computer (QC). In this machine, each qubit requires an individually addressed fast control-pulse for non-adiabatic drive and measure operations. Additionally, it is increasingly becoming important to be able to interface nanoelectronics with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. In this work, I have designed and demonstrated full-custom mixed-mode and full-digital fast control-pulse generators fabricated in a silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) CMOS commercial foundry process ?? a radio-frequency (RF) CMOS technology. These circuits are, fundamentally, fast monostable multivibrators. Initially, after the design specifications were decided upon, I characterized NFET and PFET devices and a n+-diffusion resistor from 500 nm and 250 nm commercial SOS-CMOS processes. Measuring their conductance curves at 300 300 K, 4.2 2 K, and sub-K (30 30 mK base to 1000 1000 mK) showed that they function with desirable behaviour although exhibiting some deviations from their 300 300 K characteristics. The mixed-mode first generation control-pulse generator was demonstrated showing that it produced dwell-time adjustable pulses with 100 100 ps rise-times at 300 K, 4.2 2 K, and sub-K with a power dissipation of 12 12 uW at 100 100 MHz. The full-digital second generation control-pulse generator was demonstrated showing accurately adjustable dwell-times settable via a control-word streamed synchronously to a shift-register. The design was based on a ripple-counter with provisions for internal or external clocking. This research has demonstrated that SOS-CMOS technology is highly feasible for the fabrication of control microelectronics for a Si:P-based QC. I have demonstrated full-custom SOS-CMOS mixed-mode and full-digital control circuits at 300 300 K, 4.2 2 K, and sub-K which suitable for qubit control.

Narrative therapy provides an opportunity for children to identify what is important to them. The aim of therapy in this research is to open up space for Nguni speaking children, who in their culture, are not allowed to express their feelings freely. The researcher has found that stories allow children an opportunity to realise that they are all human and that we have come through a process where we have to acknowledge that our existence today is largely dependent on the fact that we are not denying our stories as Nguni speaking people. From looking at the results of study, it would appear that these children have benefited from the therapy sessions. From three clients a sense of pride and self-worth was often evident at the end of a session and the overall comment made was that each one felt far better than when they had started the sessions. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (specialisation in Guidance and Counseling)