Orientador : Osmyr Faria Gabbi Junior / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T17:18:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Honda_Helio_D.pdf: 16460645 bytes, checksum: 2d888de1359b6a575ed6f1c478d7913d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / Resumo: Restrito aos textos de Freud produzidos entre 1886 e 1896, o trabalho tenta mostrar que nos fundamentos da metodologia fteudiana encontram-se idéias oriundas da tradição britânica, em particular as de Stuart Mill e de Hughlings Jackson. Inicia pondo em evidência o interesse de Freud pelo método dos tipos, proveniente de Charcot, e relaciona essa metodologia com a atividade de inovação nosográfica realizada por Freud, mostrando que ela era orientada pela busca do caso único (Anna O., p. ex.) e pela identificação do mecanismo psíquico típico a cada quadro de neurose. A seguir, tenta mostrar como a teoria da classificação proposta por Stuart Mill, na qual defende-se a determinação empírica da noção de tipo e sua organização pelas causas, pode servir de fundamento para a metodologia fteudiana. Discute, também, a influência exercida pelas idéias de Mill sobre a formação científica alemã e mostra como elas já estavam presentes nas obras de Meynert e Exner. A segunda parte discute o lugar ocupado pelas idéias de Jackson na psicanálise fteudiana e mostra como certas hipóteses basilares da metapsicologia podem ter sido apropriadas a partir de seus textos. Sobretudo, mostra como a prescrição de Jackson sobre a necessidade de se ter uma distribuição empírica e uma classificação científica das doenças mentais, alicerçada nas concepções de Mill, constitui a base da metodologia fteudiana; sugere-se que esse modelo de ciência e método é capaz de justificar o caráter explicativo e o estatuto científico da metapsicologia fteudiana / Abstract: Restricted to Freud's texts produced between 1886 and 1896, the work tries to show that in the foundations of the Freudian methodology there are ideas originated in the British tradition, particularly the ones of Stuart Mill and Hughlings Jackson. It begins evidencing Freud's interest for the method of the types, originated from Charcot, and it relates that methodology with the activity of nosographique innovation accomplished by Freud, showing that it was guided by the search of the case unique (Anna O., for exemple) and by the identification of the- psychical mechanism utypical to each neurosis picture. Furthermore, it tries to show how the theory of the classification proposed by Mill, in which he defends the empirical determination of the type notion and its organization by the causes, can stand as foundation for the Freudian methodology. It discusses, also, the intluence carried out by Mill's ideas about the German scientific formation and it shows how they were already present in Meynert and Exner works. The second part discusses the place taken by Jackson's ideas in the Freudian psychoanalysis and shows how certain basic hypotheses of the eta psychology might have been appropriated from his texts. Above all, it shows how the prescription of Jackson about the necessity of having an empirical distribution and a scientific classification of the mental diseases, found in Mill's conceptions, constitutes the base of the Freudian methodology; it is suggested that this model of science and method is capable of justifying the explanatory character and the scientific statute of the Freudian metapsychology / Doutorado / Doutor em Filosofia

The study examines the thought of Yanagita Kunio (1875-1962), an influential Japanese nationalist thinker best known as a founder of the discipline of Japanese folklore (minzokugaku). The purpose of the study is to bring into light an unredeemed potential of his intellectual and political project as a critique of the way in which modern politics and knowledge systematically suppresses global diversity. The study reads his texts against the backdrop of the modern understanding of space and time and its political and moral implications and traces the historical evolution of his thought that culminates in the establishment of minzokugaku. My reading of Yanagita’s texts draws on three interpretive hypotheses. First, his thought can be interpreted as a critical engagement with John Stuart Mill’s philosophy of history, as he turns Mill’s defense of diversity against Mill’s justification of enlightened despotism in non-Western societies. Second, to counter Mill’s individualistic notion of progressive agency, he turns to a Marxian notion of anthropological space, in which a laboring class makes history by continuously transforming nature, and rehabilitates the common people (jōmin) as progressive agents. Third, in addition to the common people, Yanagita integrates wandering people as a countervailing force to the innate parochialism and conservatism of agrarian civilization. To excavate the unrecorded history of ordinary farmers and wandering people and promote the formation of national consciousness, his minzokugaku adopts travel as an alternative method for knowledge production and political education. In light of this interpretation, the aim of Yanagita’s intellectual and political project can be understood as defense and critique of the Enlightenment tradition. Intellectually, he attempts to navigate between spurious universalism and reactionary particularism by revaluing diversity as a necessary condition for universal knowledge and human progress. Politically, his minzokugaku aims at nation-building/globalization from below by tracing back the history of a migratory process cutting across the existing boundaries. His project is opposed to nation-building from above that aims to integrate the world population into international society at the expense of global diversity.

Investiga sobre la filosofía moral utilitaria de John Stuart Mill en su libro Utilitarism y de su teoría de la libertad en su texto On liberty. Indagación que tiene por objeto encontrar la contradicción que ambas posiciones, liberalismo y utilitarismo, conllevan una con otra. Sostiene que si uno optase por ser utilitario tendría limitaciones desde la perspectiva liberal del propio Mill, y si optara por su posición liberal se vería limitado a serlo desde la moral utilitaria de Mill. Por lo que su liberalismo es insuficientemente utilitario y su utilitarismo insuficientemente liberal. Aborda la teoría del conocimiento de David Hume para comprender el empirismo y los supuestos gnoseológicos del utilitarismo y liberalismo de Stuart Mill. / Tesis

ABSTRACT Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka Jacob de Wets porträttserie av skotska kungar som återfinns i Palace of Holyroodhouse i Edinburgh, Skottland. Uppsatsen är tematiskt disponerad där de två första kapitlen behandlar porträttserier i det tidigmoderna Europa, historiska texter om nationens mytologiska ursprung och det samhälleliga läget under de skotska restorationsåren mellan 1660 och cirka 1689. Detta diskuteras sedan tillsammans med Jacob de Wets porträtt vad gäller syfte, funktion och sedermera praktisk tillkomst. Bildanalyser med hjälp av Roland Barthes teori om myten som ett metaspråk fördjupar diskussionen om hur serien ska läsas och förstås. Undersökningen finner att serien har flera syften och funktioner sprungna ur diskurser om nationalitet och makt, grundat i kulturella och konstnärliga praktiker samt historiska händelser gällande politik och religion. Nyckelord: Jacob de Wet, restorationen, Stuart, porträtt, porträttserier, tidigmodern tid,Skottland, Palace of Holyroodhouse, semiotik, Roland Barthes.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om det går att rättfärdiga militära interventioner med stöd i klassisk liberal politisk teori. För ändamålet har de klassiskt liberala filosoferna John Locke och John Stuart Mill analyserats. Undersökningen är utförd medelst en text- och idéanalys av några av filosofernas portalverk. Resultatet av studien visar ett tydligt stöd för vissa sorters militära interventioner och att det faktumet är djupt rotat i flera etiska och moraliska överväganden som Locke respektive Mill gör. Slutsatsen i uppsatsen är därav att det finns klassiskt liberala argument för att genomföra militära interventioner.

En kvalitativ studie av HBO-serien Chernobyl från 2019 och hur denna upprätthåller en i västerländsk media producerad för underhållning ofta förekommande stereotyp porträttering av Sovjetunionen och dess invånare. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt är centrerad kring filmteori och representationsteori och undersöker huruvida man genom othering i västerländska produktioner upprätthåller en bild av de forna sovjetiska länderna och dess invånare baserad på den uppfattning som lades till grund för i filmer producerade under kalla kriget. Studiens resultat är att serien kan läsas som ett försök att genom adaptionen av en inhemsk sovjetisk skildring av världens största kärnkraftsolycka försöka ge symbolisk upprättelse till katastrofens offer, trots att serien i stor utsträckning bekräftar den stereotypa skildring av sovjetiska medborgare ofta tidigare sedd i västerländsk media. / A qualitative study of the 2019 HBO miniseries Chernobyl and how it perpetuates a stereotype western perception of post Soviet countries and their inhabitants, influenced by the antagonists created during Cold War in film produced by west. The Soviet stereotype is examined through film and representation theory, and seeks to investigate how the practice of othering is carried out by narrative functions throughout pivotal moments of the series. The analysis concludes that the sensitive matter of adapting a domestic Soviet narrative of the worlds greatest nuclear disaster into a Hollywood production can be read as an attempt to grant the real life victims a symbolic kind of solace, yet it also fails to portray Soviet citizens outside of the stereotype conforming depiction often seen in western media.

This study aims to contribute to the understanding of how different Christian traditions are described in Sweden during the second half of the 18th century. This thesis presents examples of how Swedes could look at different Christian traditions. The object of study has been Jacob Wallenberg's famous travel writing Min son på galejan and Wallenberg’s view on various Christian traditions. Wallenberg travels as a chaplain aboard the ship Finland which travels for the Swedish East India Company to China. Wallenberg meets several different people, cultures and sees different types of practices on his journey to China, and therefore Min son på galejan can be seen as a book worth analyzing, it is also relevant because it is relatively well known. The theoretical framework in this study is mainly based on Stuart Hall's theory of representation and therefore the focus is largely on trying to understand how different Christian traditions are represented based on the content of Min son på galejan. The method used to answer the research questions is a content analysis, the focus has mainly been on illustrate what the contexts looked like and how different Christian traditions were portrayed, thus shedding light on how these traditions were valued. In summary Wallenberg valued different traditions differently, the Lutheran tradition Wallenberg mainly portrayed as something desirable but there existed examples where Wallenberg criticized persons with Lutheran belief. Non-Lutheran Christian traditions were mostly portrayed by Wallenberg in a critical and satirical manner and were therefore seen as something less desirable compared to Lutheranism.

This study will demonstrate that the lay or "popular" medical practitioner played a major role in the provision of health care in seventeenth-century England. The medical "professionals" have generally been accepted as providing the most expert and "scientific" medical care (within the limits of contemporary knowledge), and, as such, have been the focus of attention for the majority of studies by medical historians. This study challenges traditional studies on the basis of geography, economic factors, religious influences and contemporary medical practices. The amorphous nature of seventeenth-century medical knowledge will be demonstrated to show the similarity between lay and professional medical treatment. To this end, female lay medical practitioners have been presented as a case study to illustrate the widespread nature and diversity of popular medicine and to assist in defining the role of the popular practitioner, a vital element within seventeenth-century health care. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

This thesis explores the utilisation of satire within the television series It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia. Employing Stuart Hall's encoding/decoding model as a theoretical framework, this study delves into the complexities of how satire is constructed, received, and interpreted by viewers. Hall’s model will be paired with a genre studies and audience receptions studies. The research employs two methods; a text analysis of a specific episode (“A Woman’s Right to Chop”); and interviews. The issues displayed in the episode are: gender roles, women’s rights, abortion and adoption. These issues are portrayed in a satirical manner by the use of humour, exaggeration, irony, critique, stereotypes and symbolism. The majority of the interviewees were found to understand and engage with the satire. Parts of the interviewees understood some of the underlying meanings. Few of the interviewees did not understand or misunderstood the material completely. Apart from satire, the additional interpretations stemmed from viewers fixating on minor details, misconstruing the portrayed messages, taking a literal approach, and harbouring dismissive sentiments towards the episode's content.

Följande undersökning behandlar uppbyggnaden av en CV-film med utgångspunkt isociologen Erving Goffmans teori om identitet och självrepresentation samtfilmteoretikern David Bordwells teori om narratologi. Goffmans teori har använts föratt ta reda på vad som ska framställas i filmen medan Bordwells teori applicerats påfrågan om hur filmen ska framställas. Inom det teoretiska ramverket finns även StuartHalls teori om representation för att kunna belysa teorierna av Goffman och Bordwellutifrån ett gemensamt perspektiv. Fokusgruppmetoden har använts för att kvalitativtsamla information om vad en CV-film bör kommunicera till skillnad från ett skriftligtCV. Samt hur den bör utformas för att vara så användbar som möjligt.Resultatet visade att filmen inte bör vara längre än 2-3 minuter för att behållapublikens intresse. Vidare utmärkte sig kopplingen mellan platser, personliga sakeroch personen som framställs. Vems film det är och dennes egenskaper måste framgåtydligt, annars förlorar filmen sitt syfte. Undersökningen visade också på olika sätthur detta kan uppnås, exempelvis genom textning i filmen och ett väl föreberettmanus. En ny genre kan inte påstås ha uppkommit men däremot en början till ett nyttformspråk och definitivt något som kan utforskas vidare.