Este survey interseccional teve como objetivo verificar a prevalência de experiências anômalas extra-sensório-motoras (ou experiências psi) comparando características demográficas, práticas, crenças, religiosidade e níveis de bemestar subjetivo (BES) de experienciadores (EXPs) e não experienciadores (NEXPs) de psi. Para a coleta de dados, foi elaborado e aplicado o Questionário de Prevalência e Relevância de Psi (Q-PRP) com 35 itens, juntamente com a Escala de Bem-Estar Subjetivo (EBES) (Albuquerque e Tróccoli, 2004). Dos 306 respondentes (idades de 18 a 66 anos) que participaram da pesquisa, 82,7% alegaram ter vivenciado pelo menos uma experiência anômala extra-sensóriomotora. Não foi encontrada diferença significante entre EXPs e NEXPs em termos de gênero, renda, estado civil, religião e religiosidade. No entanto, verificou-se que EXPs crêem significantemente mais em percepção extra-sensorial, psicocinesia, reencarnação, vida após a morte e práticas alternativas. EXPs indicaram que suas experiências psi afetaram suas atitudes, crenças e tomadas de decisão. Tal influência está significativamente relacionada à atribuição de causalidade feita para as experiências psi vivenciadas. As atribuições de causalidade são coerentes com a crença, adesão ou postura religiosa dos EXPs. Quanto aos níveis de BES, os EXPs pontuaram mais no fator afetos negativos, o que sugere que EXPs têm um nível de BES mais baixo que os NEXPs. Os dados foram discutidos em detalhes enfatizando-se a complexidade de suas associações e correlações. Os resultados não são conclusivos, mas apontam tendências que deverão ser exploradas de forma mais aprofundada em próximos estudos. / The aim of this cross-sectional survey was to verify the prevalence of anomalous extrasensorimotor experiences (or psi experiences) and compare psi experiencers (EXPs) and non experiencers (NEXPs) in terms of demographic variables, beliefs, alternative practices and subjective wellbeing (SWB) levels. In order to collect data, it was used the 35-item Questionário de Prevalência e Relevância de Psi (QPRP) elaborated for this research, and the Escala de Bem-Estar Subjetivo (EBES) (Albuquerque e Trócoli, 2004). From the 306 respondents (age from 18 to 66), 82,7% claimed at least one psi experience. No significant differences between EXPs and NEXPs were found in terms of sex, income, marital status, religion and religiosity. However, EXPs believe significantly more in extrasensory perception, psychokinesis, reincarnation, survival after death, and alternative practices. EXPs indicated that psi experiences have affected their attitudes, beliefs and decisions. Such influence is significantly related to the attribution of causality they make to their own psi experiences. Attributions of causality were coherent to EXPs s beliefs. As to SWB, EXPs tend to punctuate higher in terms of negative affects than NEXPs, what suggests that EXPs have a lower level of SWB than NEXPs. Data were discussed in detail emphasizing the complexity of associations and correlations among them. Results are not conclusive, but point to tendencies which must be explored more profoundly in next studies.

(in english): This master thesis copes with typology approach to well-being. The approach results from the research of Carol Ryff et al. and distinguishes two dimensions of well-being. The first, the hedonic alias subjective well-being (SWB concept by E. Diener) and the second, the eudemonic alias psychological well-being (PWB concept by C. Ryff). In the theoretical part of the thesis, the difference between psychological and subjective well-being is depicted, it represents a typological model, describes variables the analysis-procedure is based on (personality traits, values, and coping strategies) and sums findings that where learned till now. The empirical part of the thesis is devoted to analysis of the relations among particular types of well-being (subjects with high SWB/high PWB, high SWB/low PWB, low SWB/high PWB, low SWB/low PWB) and personality characteristics according to NEO/FFI, values according to PVQ, and coping strategies formulated by Carver. The research ensemble was formed out of 2281 subjects, the undergraduate students. Four groups were created, based on the score of tests measuring subjective and psychological well-being. We always formed the groups for the upper and lower score quantile in given test. This way four groups of subjects raised (subjects with high SWB and PWB,...

華人社會傳承了儒家文化思想的價值觀，但是在社會環境、政治體制及人口結構等因素的差異之下，衍生出各種文化特性的差異。本研究使用世界價值觀調查（World Values Survey，WVS）資料，比較不同社會中的華人在文化特性方面的差異，並分析文化特性及其他因素對主觀福祉（subjective well-being）的影響。 本研究採用世界價值觀調查所建立之社會價值觀（societal values），加入其他文化特徵、社會態度及個人生活觀衡量文化特性。本研究使用之計量模型為排序羅吉特迴歸（ordered logit regression）模型，分析上述變數對華人生活滿意度（life satisfaction）與快樂程度（happiness）的影響。本研究之目的在於找出影響華人主觀福祉之重要決定因素，並探討文化因素在收入與主觀福祉之間是否存在調節效果（moderating effect）。 實證結果顯示，文化會影響華人主觀福祉，並在收入與主觀福祉之間造成調節效果。而華人在各個社會中所衍生出的文化特性差異，也使得各個社會中華人主觀福祉的重要決定因素有所差異。 / Chinese societies inherited the values of Confucianism. However, these societies vary in their social environment, political system and demographic structure, thus result in differences in their cultural characteristics. This study uses the data from World Values Survey, to explore the differences among Chinese in different societies, and to analyze the determining factors of Chinese subjective well-being. In this study, the societal values established by the World Values Survey are used to represent the cultural properties. We also added other cultural traits, social attitudes and individual viewpoints for our analysis. In this study, we use ordered logit regression model to find out the important determinants of Chinese subjective well-being in different societies, and discuss whether there exists a cultural moderating effect between income and subjective well-being. Empirical results show that culture has a significant impact on subjective well-being of Chinese, and the effect of income on Chinese subjective well-being are also moderated by cultural properties. The differences between these Chinese societies also result in divergences of important determinants of Chinese subjective well-being between societies.

Hur ungdomar som kommit till Sverige hanterar sin nya tillvaro är ettaktuellt studieområde. Tidigare forskning har visat att känsla avsammanhang (KASAM), subjektivt välbefinnande (SVB) och generellhälsa (GH) spelar in i ungdomars psykiska välmående. Syftet medstudien var att undersöka skillnader mellan svensktalande ocharabisktalande gymnasieelever, och deras upplevelser av KASAM, SVBoch GH. Även könsskillnader undersöktes. En tredeladenkätundersökning genomfördes på två gymnasieskolor i två småsvenska kommuner. Totalt deltog 145 elever, varav 71 vararabisktalande. Sjuttio av studiens deltagare var kvinnor. Resultatetvisade inte signifikanta skillnader mellan grupperna i KASAM somövergripande variabel eller GH. Signifikanta skillnader återfanns docki en delkomponent av KASAM, samt inom SVB. Könsskillnader kundeendast observeras i SVB, vilket gör att resultaten delvis strider mottidigare forskning. Sammanfattningsvis visade studien att eleversmående skiljer sig relativt lite åt oberoende av etnicitet eller kön. / The way in which adolescents’ migrating to Sweden handle their newenvironment is a relevant area of study. Prior research has suggested that Sense of Coherence (SOC), Subjective Well-being (SWB) and General Health (GH) play an important role in adolescents’psychological well-being. The aim of the present study was to exploredifferences in reported SOC, SWB and GH between Swedish speakingand Arabic speaking upper secondary school students. Genderdifferences were also evaluated. A three-part survey was conducted inorder to examine the area of study. A total of 145 students took part, ofwhich 71 was Arabic-speaking. Seventy participants were women. Theresults did not show any significant differences in SOC as a whole, norin GH. However, significant differences were observed in a subcomponentof SOC, as well as in SWB. Gender differences wereobserved only in SWB. Overall, the results challenged prior researchfindings. In conclusion, adolescents’ well-being does not differsubstantially, regardless of ethnicity or gender.

Physical health can be measured in several ways both based on subjective experiences and with objective tools. However, mental health can only be measured through subjective experiences and sensations, which can be biased. Therefore, researchers adopted the notion of an objective tool to assess well-being as a complement to existing self-reported scales and suggested that heart rate variability (HRV) might be an indicator of well-being. Hence, this thesis investigates the relationship between subjective well-being (SWB) and HRV, particularly high frequency-HRV (HF-HRV). Three hypotheses, which included different forms of well-being, were developed to test the relationship. And the hypotheses were: Cognitive well-being correlates positively with HF-HRV. Positive affect correlates positively with HF-HRV, and negative affect correlates negatively with HF-HRV. A total of 19 healthy Swedish females aged from 20-35 participated and answered questionnaires measuring SWB. After they completed the SWB-scales, their heart rate was measured and then converted into HF-HRV data. The findings revealed no correlations between the cognitive SWB and HF-HRV, neither to affective SWB.

In this thesis we dealt with two important theoretical concepts of well-being - subjective (E. Diener) and psychological (C. Ryff). Previous work has demonstrated the conceptual identity of both constructs, but at the same time highlighted their interdependence. The aim of the work was to analyze both concepts of well-being on the basis of their relationship to selected psychological variables: self-esteem, personality traits, coping strategies and basic human values. The research sample consisted of 2368 university students of Masaryk's University in Brno. Using Pearson's correlations, we have described relationships of subjective (SWB) and psychological (PWB) well-being to the mentioned psychological variables. In many cases, correlations suggested similar relationships between SWB and PWB with the variable. We further tested these similarities by the test of the difference between two dependent correlations and found statistically significant differences in the relationships between both concepts of personal well-being and self-esteem, personality traits of extraversion and conscientiousness, coping strategies of active coping, behavioral disengagement, planning, denial, positive reframing, acceptance and self-blame. Moreover, we found statistically significant correlations of PWB with values...

Der Zusammenhang zwischen Selbstregulation und subjektivem Wohlbefinden in Abhängigkeit von der Persönlichkeit und Optimismus wurde an einer Gruppe Medizinstudenten im 2. Semester untersucht. Selbstregulation versteht sich dabei als Verhaltensregulation nach dem Model von Charles Carver und Michael Scheier. Das erfasste subjektive Wohlbefinden beruht auf der Theorie von Carol D. Ryff. Es wurde erwartet, dass Personen mit besseren Selbstregulationsfähigkeiten höheres Wohlbefinden angeben. Direkte und indirekte Effekte von sowohl Persönlichkeit, in Form der Big Five Dimensionen und der Persönlichkeitsprototypen, als auch den Ausprägungen von Optimismus und Pessimismus auf das subjektive Wohlbefindenwurden angenommen. Indirekte Effekte werden dabei wiederum über die Selbstregulationsfähigkeit vermittelt. Im Wesentlichen bestätigten sich die erwarteten Zusammenhänge. Ausnahmen bildeten die signifikant höheren Angaben überkontrollierter Personen bezüglich Wachstum als Person und Selbst-Akzeptanz. Zudem zeigte sich in der Mediatoranalyse ein stärkerer Einfluss vom positiven Affekt auf das subjektive Wohlbefinden als von Persönlichkeit und Selbstregulation.:0. Abkürzungsverzeichnis 5 1. Einführung 6 2. Aufgabenstellung 8 3. Theorie 10 3.1. Selbstregulationstheorie 10 3.2. Persönlichkeit 14 Persönlichkeit und Selbst-Regulation 17 3.3. Differenzierung: Gesundheit, physisches und psychologisches Wohlbefinden, Stimmung und Affekt 21 Persönlichkeit und Affekt/Stimmung/Wohlbefinden 27 Selbstregulation und Affekt/Stimmung/Wohlbefinden/Gesundheit 29 3.4. Optimismus und Pessimismus 31 Selbstregulation und Optimismus 33 Optimismus und Wohlbefinden 34 Gesundheit und Optimismus 35 4. Methoden 38 4.1. Stichprobenbeschreibung 38 4.2. Operationalisierung 38 4.2.1. Selbstregulation 38 4.2.2. Persönlichkeit 41 4.2.3. Stimmung und Wohlbefinden 43 4.2.4. Optimismus und Pessimismus 45 4.3. Statistische Verfahren 47 5. Ergebnisse 49 5.1. Berechnungen zum Zusammenhang zwischen Persönlichkeitsdimension und Selbstregulation 49 5.2. Berechnungen zum Zusammenhang zwischen Persönlichkeitsprototyp und Selbstregulation 49 5.3. Berechnungen zum Zusammenhang zwischen Optimismus und Selbstregulation 51 Inhaltsverzeichnis 3 5.4. Berechnungen zum Zusammenhang zwischen Selbstregulation und subjektivem Wohlbefinden 52 5.5. Berechnungen zum Zusammenhang zwischen Selbstregulationsfähigkeit und Stimmungsschwankung 55 5.6. Berechnungen zum Zusammenhang zwischen Persönlichkeitsdimension und subjektivem Wohlbefinden 56 5.7. Berechnungen zum Zusammenhang zwischen Optimismus und subjektivem Wohlbefinden 57 5.8. Berechnungen zum Zusammenhang zwischen Persönlichkeitsprototyp und subjektivem Wohlbefinden 58 5.9. Berechnungen zum Zusammenhang zwischen Persönlichkeitsprototyp und Stimmungsschwankung 59 5.10. Berechnungen zum Zusammenhang zwischen Stimmung (allgemein) und subjektivem Wohlbefinden 61 5.11. Mediatoranalyse 62 6. Diskussion 69 6.1. Instrumente (Interkorrelation und Testkennwerte) 69 6.2. Diskussion Hypothese 1 71 6.3. Diskussion Hypothese 2 75 6.4. Diskussion Hypothese 3 76 6.5. Diskussion Hypothese 4 78 6.6. Diskussion Hypothese 5 81 6.7. Diskussion Hypothese 6 82 6.8. Allgemeine Diskussion 84 7. Zusammenfassung der Arbeit 86 8. Literaturverzeichnis 89 9. Anlagen 97

Introduction: The Swedish population is ageing – resulting in an increase in the number of elderly people and higher socioeconomic demands that the society needs to support them with. In Sweden, frail elderly people with for example mobility and cognitive problems, have the opportunity to attend a day care center where they can join activities and to socialize. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis was to investigate to what extent virtual reality technology could contribute to improved well-being for frail elderly at day care centers. Method: This study was conducted via a mixed method consisting of a survey and a semi-structured interview. 19 participants (15 male and 4 female) from three day care centers in Södertälje participated in this study. Results: By allowing frail elderly at day care centers to experience virtual reality, quantitative and qualitative data was collected. Both indicating that the experience of using virtual reality was positive and comfortable. 7 themes were identified through a thematic analysis demonstrating what was repeatedly mentioned by the participants. The themes were: (1) immersion & interaction, (2) usage, (3) nature movies, (4) visit places, (5) talking about things that are dear to them, (6) being limited and (7) thinking that VR could affect well-being. Conclusion: This study showed that the subjective well-being of frail elderly was arguably partially improved with virtual reality. The participants were overall positive, enjoyed the experience with a sense of immersion and awakening memories. / Introduktion: Den svenska populationen åldras - vilket resulterar i en ökning av äldre personer och högre socioekonomiska krav som samhället måste stödja dem med. I Sverige har äldre personer med till exempel rörlighet och kognitiva problem möjlighet att delta i dagverksamheter där de kan delta i aktiviteter och umgås. Syfte: Syftet med detta examensarbete var att undersöka i vilken utsträckning virtuell verklighet skulle kunna bidra till förbättrad välmående hos äldre på dagverksamheter. Metod: Detta projekt var genomfört med hjälp av en mixed method så som en enkät och en semi- strukturerad intervju. 19 äldre person (15 män och 4 kvinnor) från tre dagverksamheter i Södertälje deltog i denna studie. Resultat: Genom att låta äldre personer vid dagverksamheterna uppleva virtuell verklighet, så samlades det in kvantitativ och kvalitativ data. Där båda indikerar att det, till exempel, var en positiv och bekväm erfarenhet. 7 teman identifierades genom en tematisk analys som illustrerade vad som ofta upprepades av deltagarna. Teman var: (1) immission & interaktion, (2) användning (3) naturfilmer, (4) besöka platser, (5) pratar om saker som ligger dem kärt om hjärtat, (6) att vara begränsad och (7) tror att VR kan påverka välmående. Slutsats: Denna studie visade att det subjektiva välmåendet hos äldre delvist var förbättrad med virtuell verklighet. Deltagarna var generellt positiva, njöt av upplevelsen av immersion samt minnen som väcktes.

The subject matter of the study is happiness and psychological well-being. The object matter of the study is communication of happiness and psychological well-being with observance of moral norms. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of literature (60 sources) and an appendix, which includes the forms of the applied methodologies. The volume of the master's thesis is 137 pages, on which are placed 9 figures and 6 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the development of the problematics, the purpose and objectives of the research are set, the object and the subject of research are determined, the basic and additional hypotheses are formulated, the methods and the empirical base are specified, as well as the stages of the research, the scientific novelty, the theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of happiness, psychological well-being, morality, sin and vice as a moral norm-prohibition. The sections devoted to the connection of happiness, psychological well-being and morality are presented. Conclusions on the first chapter are the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It provides a description of the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained using all the methods used: the Oxford Happiness Inventory, the methodology “The scale of psychological well-being of K. Riff”, the tests “Greed”, “Anger”, “Pride”, “The Sin of Lust”, “Gluttony”, “Envy”, “Despondency” (Yu.V. Scherbatykh). The chapter also presents a correlation analysis of the results of the study. The findings of Chapter 2 are the main results of the empirical study. In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, are presented in a generalized form, the practical significance of the study is substantiated and possible prospects for further development of this problem are described. / Объектом исследования явилось счастье и психологическое благополучие. Предметом исследования стала связь счастья и психологического благополучия с соблюдением нравственных норм. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (60 источников) и приложения, включающего в себя бланки применявшихся методик. Объем магистерской диссертации 137 страниц, на которых размещены 9 рисунков и 6 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются основная и дополнительные гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме счастья, психологического благополучия, нравственности, греха и порока как нравственной нормы-запрета. Представлены разделы, посвященные связи счастья, психологического благополучия с нравственностью. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: методике Обновленный Оксфордский опросник счастья (Oxford Happiness Inventory), методике «Шкала психологического благополучия К. Рифф», тестам «Алчность», «Гнев», «Гордыня», «Грех похоти», «Чревоугодие», «Зависть», «Уныние» (Ю.В. Щербатых). Также в главе представлен корреляционный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики.

Объектом исследования явились студенты (молодежь в возрасте от 16 до 29 лет). Предметом исследования стали психологические особенности переживания счастья студентами. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав (теоретической и практической), заключения, списка литературы (62 источника) и приложения, включающего в себя бланки применявшихся методик. Объем магистерской диссертации 92 страницы, на которых размещены 9 рисунков и 5 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются гипотезы, указываются методики и эмпирическая база, а также теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. В первой главе представлен обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме: Психологические особенности переживания счастья студентами. В данной главе подробно рассматриваются три раздела: феномен счастья в отечественной и зарубежной психологии, психологические особенности современного студента, психологические предикторы переживания счастья у студентов. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги, по изучению теоретического материала представленные в работах авторов. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования, подробный план эмпирического исследования и результаты, полученные по всем использованным методикам. Также вторая глава содержит анализ полученных результатов исследования. Выводы по второй главе включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики. / The object of the study were students (youth aged 16 to 29 years). The subject of the study was the psychological characteristics of the experience of happiness by students. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters (theoretical and practical), a conclusion, a list of references (62 sources) and an appendix, which includes the forms of the methods used. The volume of the master's thesis is 92 pages, which contain 9 figures and 5 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the development of the problematics, sets the goal and objectives of the research, defines the object and subject of research, formulates hypotheses, indicates methods and empirical base, as well as the theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter presents an overview of foreign and domestic literature on the topic: Psychological features of the experience of happiness by students. In this chapter, three sections are considered in detail: the phenomenon of happiness in domestic and foreign psychology, the psychological characteristics of a modern student, psychological predictors of experiencing happiness in students. The conclusions on the first chapter are the results of the study of theoretical material presented in the works of the authors. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It presents a description of the organization and methods of the study, a detailed plan of empirical research and the results obtained by all methods used. Also, the second chapter contains an analysis of the results of the study. The conclusions of the second chapter include the main results of the empirical study. In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, are summarized, the practical significance of the study is substantiated, and possible prospects for further development of this issue are described.