Ce projet de maitrise implique le développement et l’optimisation de deux méthodes utilisant la chromatographie liquide à haute performance couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem (HPLC-MS/MS). L'objectif du premier projet était de séparer le plus rapidement possible, simultanément, 71 médicaments traitant la dysfonction érectile (ED) et 11 ingrédients naturels parfois retrouvés avec ces médicaments dans les échantillons suspectés d’être adultérés ou contrefaits. L'objectif du deuxième projet était de développer une méthode de dépistage permettant l'analyse rapide simultanée de 24 cannabinoïdes synthétiques et naturels pour une grande variété d'échantillons tels que les mélanges à base de plantes, des bâtons d'encens, de sérums et de cannabis. Dans les deux projets, la séparation a été réalisée en moins de 10 min et cela en utilisant une colonne C18 à noyau solide 100 x 2,1 mm avec des particules de 2,6 µm de diamètre couplée à un système MS avec trappe ionique orbitale fonctionnant en électronébulisation positive. En raison du nombre élevé de composés dans les deux méthodes et de l’émergence de nouveaux analogues sur le marché qui pourraient être présents dans les échantillons futurs, une méthode de dépistage LC-MS/MS ciblée/non-ciblée a été développée. Pour les deux projets, les limites de détection étaient sous les ng/mL et la variation de la précision et de l’exactitude étaient inférieures de 10,5%. Le taux de recouvrement à partir des échantillons réels variait entre 92 à 111%. L’innovation des méthodes LC-MS/MS développées au cours des projets est que le spectre de masse obtenu en mode balayage lors de l'acquisition, fournit une masse exacte pour tous les composés détectés et permet l'identification des composés initialement non-ciblés, comme des nouveaux analogues. Cette innovation amène une dimension supplémentaire aux méthodes traditionnellement utilisées, en permettant une analyse à haute résolution sur la masse de composés non-ciblés. / This master’s project involved the development and optimization of two rapid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods. The objective of the first project was to simultaneously separate, as rapidly as possible, 71 erectile dysfunction (ED) treatment drugs and 11 natural ingredients sometimes found alongside ED drugs present in suspected adulterated or counterfeit samples. The objective of the second project was to develop a screening method allowing rapid, simultaneous analysis of 24 synthetic and natural cannabinoids for a wide variety of samples such as herbal smoking mixtures, incense sticks, serums and Cannabis plant material. In both projects, the separations were achieved in ≤ 10 min using 2.6 µm fused-core C18 particles packed into a 100 x 2.1 mm column coupled to an LTQ Orbitrap XL mass spectrometer operated in positive electrospray mode. Because of the very high number of compounds in both methods and the knowledge that future analogues are always immerging on the market that could thus be present in samples, a targeted/untargeted LC-MS/MS screening method was developed. For both projects, detection limits were in the sub ng/mL range and intra- and inter-assay precisions were below 10.5%. Recovery from real samples ranged from 92 to 111%. The innovation of the developed LC-MS/MS methods is that the full scan event in the MS acquisition provides accurate masses for all detected species and thus allows post-analysis identification of initially untargeted compounds, i.e., the immerging analogues. This innovation adds an additional dimension to traditional MS/MS methods, allowing high mass resolution of untargeted compounds.

Submitted by MICHAEL PÉREZ RODRÍGUEZ null (michaelpr@iq.unesp.br) on 2016-09-16T20:43:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE MICHAEL VERSÃO FINAL.pdf: 4495815 bytes, checksum: 5d4a4f8ffcd143bb08ad336b289fe7ab (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-09-22T14:44:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 perezrodriguez_m_dr_araiq_par.pdf: 1340231 bytes, checksum: 9e639833f42ff1e6fc87e7f9f965f8fc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-22T14:44:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 perezrodriguez_m_dr_araiq_par.pdf: 1340231 bytes, checksum: 9e639833f42ff1e6fc87e7f9f965f8fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-26 / Pró-Reitoria de Pós-Graduação (PROPG UNESP) / Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos ambientalmente mais amigáveis utilizando sistemas de screening e procedimentos de análise por injeção em fluxo para a detecção e quantificação de antibióticos, da classe das tetraciclinas, em amostras de medicamentos veterinários e alimentos de origem animal como leite bovino e suplementos de ovos. Os métodos desenvolvidos foram baseados na reação de acoplamento diazo obtida entre as tetraciclinas e o ácido p-sulfanílico diazotado em meio básico, resultando na formação de azo compostos com máximos de absorção em torno de 435 nm, permitindo determinar esses antibióticos por espectrofotometria. As condições analíticas foram otimizadas através de análise multivariada utilizando planejamentos experimentais fatoriais e o desempenho dos métodos propostos foi avaliado através de parâmetros como linearidade, efeito matriz, precisão, exatidão, limite de detecção, limite de quantificação, recuperação e estudo de interferências. O primeiro trabalho desenvolvido fez uso de um procedimento de injeção em fluxo contínuo para a rápida determinação de tetraciclinas em formulações veterinárias comerciais, visando maior eficiência no controle de qualidade na indústria farmacêutica. Na sequência, foi desenvolvido um método de screening mediante análise por injeção em fluxo empregando uma cela capilar de longo caminho óptico (LWCC) para a detecção de resíduos de tetraciclinas em amostras de leite bovino, sem a necessidade de passos de extração dispendiosos e demorados ou complicados tratamentos de amostras. Finalmente, um novo método de microextração líquido-líquido dispersiva assistida por ultrassom (US-DLLME) foi desenvolvido para a simples, rápida e eficiente extração de resíduos de tetraciclinas a partir de amostras de suplemento de ovos e, posterior análise por injeção em fluxo baseada em uma cela capilar de longo caminho óptico (LWCC), empregando um banho de aquecimento com controle de temperatura. Os métodos descritos apresentaram importantes características como simplicidade operacional, possibilidade de automação, rapidez e baixo custo das análises. Além disso, estes métodos seguiram os princípios da química verde, de modo que permitiram realizar determinações ambientalmente mais limpas, através da redução considerável do consumo de reagentes e amostras, evitando ou minimizando o emprego de solventes tóxicos. Também, os métodos desenvolvidos para a análise de resíduos mostraram excelente desempenho para aplicação no controle de qualidade dos produtos alimentares estudados na indústria alimentícia, a fim de proteger os consumidores. / This work describes the development of environmentally friendly analytical methods using screening systems and flow injection procedures for detection and quantification of tetracycline antibiotics in veterinary pharmaceuticals and animal-derived foods such as bovine milk and egg-based protein supplements. The developed methods were based on the diazo coupling reaction between the tetracyclines and diazotized p-sulfanilic acid in basic medium, resulting in the formation of azo compounds that present maximum absorption around 435 nm, which allows determining these antibiotics by spectrophotometry. The analytical conditions were optimized by means of multivariate analysis using factorial experimental designs. Performance of the proposed methods was assessed through parameters such as linearity, selectivity, precision, accuracy, detection limit, quantification limit, matrix effect and recovery. The first developed work used a continuous flow injection procedure for the rapid determination of tetracyclines in commercial veterinary formulations, aiming greater efficiency in quality control in the pharmaceutical industry. Thereafter, it was developed a screening method by flow injection analysis using a liquid waveguide capillary cell (LWCC) for detecting tetracyclines residues in bovine milk samples, without the need for expensive extraction steps that are time-consuming or complicated sample treatments. Finally, a new ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (US-DLLME) method was developed for simple, rapid, and efficient extraction of tetracyclines residues from egg supplement samples, followed by flow injection analysis based on a liquid waveguide capillary cell (LWCC), using a controlled temperature heating bath. The described methods presented important features such as operational simplicity, possibility of automation, quickness and low cost of the analysis. Furthermore, these methods followed the principles of green chemistry, making possible to perform environmentally cleaner determinations, due to the considerable reduction of reagents and samples consumption, avoiding or minimizing the use of toxic solvents. Besides, the methods developed for residues analysis showed excellent performance for application in the food industry for quality control of the studied food products in order to protect consumers.

The Food Safety and Quality Control System in Czech RepublicThe thesis describes the way how is the food safety control and quality protection provided in Czech republic. There is the law definition of the all forms of food during the food production chain from the primary production up to sale to the consumer in the work. The thesis focuses on the requirements laid down in the Czech and European food law on the food producers and sellers. The thesis also deals with the food contamination and quality aspects - nutrition value and quality branding. There is also chapter about the quality management system certification and chapter about the current cases related with the safe food area in the Czech republic in 2012 (Methanol, Polish technical salt and horse lasagne).

The thesis is focused on theoretical principles of demarcation of products with health effects in the EU law and on the reflection of these issues in the application and administrative practice in commercial law. The thesis developed yet been brought judicial interpretation with the scientific interpretation of certain key and decisive problems that separate from each other law-regimes of regulation: medicinal product for human use, foods, cosmetics products, medical devices and biocides. Correct law-regime for a particular product is determinating of the general legal basis in the EU internal market. It is therefore a important problem not only in EU law, but also in EU economic. Thesis results are highly critical of current practice in the local markets of EU member states, especially Czech Republic, and in many instances documented sub-optimal application of this law in general practice.

Este trabalho investigou, pela primeira vez, a influência do CH na modulação do metabolismo e proliferação de fibroblastos dérmicos humanos (FDHs) derivados de áreas fotoprotegida e fotoexposta, cultivados em modelo de monocamada. Além disto, foram investigados os efeitos da suplementação com CH na secreção de colágeno tipo I, em modelo de cultura 3D de equivalente dérmico, derivado de matriz produzida exclusivamente por FDHs. O tratamento com CH não influenciou a proliferação celular dos fibroblastos derivados de ambas as áreas, porém modulou expressivamente o metabolismo dos FDHs cultivados em monocamada, elevando o conteúdo de pró-colágeno I e colágeno I e diminuindo a atividade de metaloproteinases de matriz (MMP) 1 e 2. Concentrações menores de CH foram suficientes para estimular as células de área fotoexposta, sugerindo efeitos mais pronunciados do CH nestas células. Este estudo é uma contribuição importante para compreensão dos efeitos biológicos do CH nas células da pele e viabilidade do seu uso como ingrediente funcional de suplementos alimentares. / This study investigated, for the first time, the influence of CH on the extracellular matrix metabolism and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) derived from sun-protected and sun-exposed body sites, cultured in monolayer in vitro model. Moreover, CH effects on the secretion of type I collagen were investigated in dermal equivalent 3D model derived from dermal matrix produced exclusively by HDFs. CH treatment did not affect cellular proliferation of either cell cultures, but notably modulated cell metabolism in monolayer model, increasing the content of procollagen I and collagen I and decreasing metalloproteinase activity (MMP) 1 and 2. These effects were confirmed in the human dermal equivalent model. Lower concentrations of CH were enough to stimulate sun-exposed-derived HDFs, suggesting more pronounced effect in these cells. This study presents an important contribution to understanding the biological effects of CH in skin cells and viability of its use as a functional ingredient in food supplements.

The thesis of the project is testing station for cars and light utility vehicles with auto service. It is designed for building plot located in Brno, district Komín. The building is designed as a without basement, single-storey with flat roof. The project suggests paved roads and parking spaces for visitors and employees. The building is not designed as a low energetic.

This thesis deals with the study of UV-photochemical generation of volatile compounds (UV-PVG) in connection with atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Selenium (Se(IV)) was selected as a model analyte and many experiments were carried out to expand the current sum of knowledge of the topic. The study was commenced by assembling the UV-PVG apparatus in the continuous flow mode. The detection method used was AAS with externally heated quartz furnace atomizer. The focus of the first step of the study was on the construction of the volatile compounds generator (UV-photoreactor) with emphasis on the material used; tubes made of teflon or quartz of different diameters were tested. The construction of the apparatus was followed by optimization of the reaction conditions (the type and concentration of the photochemical agent and other agents, which increase the analytical signal; the carrier gas and the auxiliary hydrogen gas flow rate; the sample flow rate). Eventually, the analytical figures of merit of the selenium determination using the proposed method were found. The results showed that teflon reaction tubes are a good competitor to those made of quartz. The accuracy of the method has been successfully verified by analysis of certified reference material and its applicability has been further tested...

No / Osteoarthritis is an inflammatory disease of load-bearing synovial joints that is currently treated with drugs that exhibit numerous side effects and are only temporarily effective on pain, the main symptom of the disease. Consequently, there is an acute need for novel, safe and more effective chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of osteoarthritis and related arthritic diseases. Resveratrol is a phytoalexin stilbene produced naturally by plants including red grapes, peanuts and various berries. Recent research in various cell models has demonstrated that resveratrol is safe and has potent anti-inflammatory properties. However, its potential for treating arthritic conditions has not been explored. In this study we provide experimental evidence that resveratrol inhibits the expression of VEGF, MMP-3, MMP-9 and COX-2 in human articular chondrocytes stimulated with the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta. Since these gene products are regulated by the transcription factor NF-kappaB, we investigated the effects of resveratrol on IL-1beta-induced NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Resveratrol, like N-Ac-Leu-Leu-norleucinal (ALLN) suppressed IL-1beta-induced proteasome function and the degradation of IkappaBalpha (an inhibitor of NF-kappaB) without affecting IkappaBalpha kinase activation, IkappaBalpha-phosphorylation or IkappaBalpha-ubiquitination which suppressed nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB and its phosphorylation. Furthermore, we observed that resveratrol as well as ALLN inhibited IL-1beta-induced apoptosis, caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage in human articular chondrocytes. In summary, our results suggest that resveratrol suppresses apoptosis and inflammatory signaling through its actions on the NF-kappaB pathway in human chondrocytes. We propose that resveratrol should be explored further for the prophylactic treatment of osteoarthritis in humans and companion animals.

There has been a rapid surge toward "organic" products devoid of GMOs, MSGs, and other common compounds found in processed foods that continue to indicate an association with an increased risk for disease. These consumers seek nutrients and vitamins that are lacking in their diet and lifestyle in the form of nutraceuticals for disease prevention and treatment as well as overall lifestyle enhancement. However, these products generally lack clinical evidence as well as legal definition. Due to this ambiguity, nutraceuticals are neither considered a food product nor a pharmaceutical product. Furthermore, due to their alleged natural properties allowing for safe, therapeutic effects, nutraceuticals are being eagerly sought after by consumers in the place of pharmaceuticals. Additionally, since nutraceutical substances are "naturally" derived, there is a general lack of regulation regarding the manufacturing and distribution process. This mismanagement leads to lack of quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) protocols strictly implemented to define appropriate production and storage parameters. Without these critical measures, consumers are subjected to contamination of their products resulting from improper storage conditions and unmanaged production. These contaminants often include heavy metal impurities, pesticides, bacterial activity, and may also be adulterated with illicit drugs, all leading to detrimental health and environmental effects.

Avec l’apparition massive des borderline products, les frontières traditionnelles entre la denrée alimentaire et les autres catégories de produits que l’on ingère ne cessent de se brouiller. Certes des éléments de définition de cette denrée se trouvent dans divers textes juridiques, notamment communautaires à l’image du règlement Food Law, mais toujours est-il que malgré tout demeure en partie le mystère identitaire qui entoure cette notion. Aussi, afin de pouvoir appliquer aux produits litigieux un statut adéquat et déterminer par la même le régime juridique qui doit être le leur, des références précises de l’aliment doivent être mises en évidence au travers de son analyse d’ensemble, l’étude tant de sa fonction que de sa présentation s’avérant indispensable pour résoudre cette problématique non dépourvue d’importance pratique / With the widespread appearance of borderline products, the traditional boundaries between the food and other categories of products that we ingest are constantly blurred. Then of course the defining elements of this commodity are in various legal texts, including the Community Food Law Regulation image, but the fact that still remains part of the mystery surrounding the identity concept. Also, in order to apply the products at issue and determine an appropriate status by the same legal regime that should be theirs, precise references to the food must be demonstrated through its comprehensive analysis, the study as its function as their presentation proving indispensable to solve this problem is not without practical importance