The purpose of this study is to describe and analyse how school and social service in the city of Malmö cooperate regarding children at risk and what they do in order to meet their needs. We also aim to explore the view and knowledge of the personnel and their experience of the guardians’ impact during collaboration. The empirical data was collected by personal interviews with personnel from the school and social service. The results have been analysed from a theory of organizational culture and symbolic interaction.The study shows that the organizations have various forms of cooperation, whereof the majority occur in individual cases, and that preventative work is not a priority due to reorganisations and changes in society. One of the central aspects regarding collaboration is intervention in an early stage to meet the childrens needs. We question if this could be done if preventative work would be a low priority. Both parties experiencing frustration from the personnel of the other organization, which mainly occurs from lack of trust and knowledge about the working situation of the other. The personnel from school and social service consider themselves to have an understanding for the personnel of the other organization. However, this is not a comprehension, which the personnel are experiencing from the personnel of the other organization. The view of the personnel between school and social service differs, which could be explained by “language differences” seen from a perspective of symbolic interaction. The differences might decrease and result in a better understanding between the parties if preventative work were to be prioritized for creating networks and strengthen their relations. The results also show that the guardians have a significant impact concerning the organizations to be able to cooperate in individual cases. This is because the confidentiality needs to be removed in order to enable cooperation between the parties. One conclusion based on the results is that visions and guidelines are not conformed in what is possible to integrate in the daily practical work of the personnel. Furthermore, several political decisions have to be made in order to give the personnel in school and social service adequate conditions for cooperation.

No description available.

Since the start of the Syrian war, Jordan has received many Syrian refugees with around 650,000 Syrians now residing in the country. As the state has received a lot of help from the international community, funding refugee camps and providing basic necessities, a lot of international humanitarian practitioners have come to Jordan to work alongside Jordanian and Middle Eastern practitioners. The situation therefore has brought practitioners from different academic, professional and geographical backgrounds together to work with people of a different cultural background than their own. Syrians represent a vast diversity in terms of ethnic, religious, linguistic and socio-economic backgrounds. Research have addressed that practitioners’ sensitivity to how cultural complexities may influence social problems can facilitate a better understanding of the client’s path to recovery. The purpose of our study was to increase the knowledge of mental health and psychosocial support practitioners’ understanding and experience of a culturally sensitive social work in Amman, Jordan and discuss how this affects their practice with Syrian refugees. Through qualitative interviews we found that the practitioners’ perception of Arab culture as one and the same makes culture a non-issue in terms of cultural diversity, and that this perception influence the practice with Syrian refugees in a number of ways.

Companies in the United States are concerned about the indeterminate effectiveness of corporate cyberloafing mitigation efforts leading to the persistence of employee cyberloafing behavior. Although middle managers are the driving force behind the transformational influences that guide employee productivity and could proffer practical solutions, a lack of clarity surrounds the middle manager's role in the overall cyberloafing mitigation efforts within organizations. The central research question for this transcendental phenomenological research study explored the lived experiences of middle managers regarding their roles in mitigating employee cyberloafing at higher education institutions in Florida. This study used a social constructivist-interpretive framework that draws from the multiple realities constructed through social interactions and lived experiences. Participants included 7 middle managers with experience mitigating cyberloafing at higher education institutions in Florida. Four major themes emerged from an inductive analysis of the data, including managing employee performance, proximity matters, cyberloafing interventions, and understanding employee online technology use. The results and recommendations of this study provide implications for social change. Business organizations may modify cyberloafing mitigation strategies and policies from a better understanding of manager/employee interactions, transformational managerial influences used to mitigate employee cyberloafing, and managerial knowledge of employee appropriation of online technology.

<p><strong>Bakgrund:</strong> Facebook är ett socialt onlinenätverk som under sina levnadsår har ökat explosionsartat i popularitet. På Facebook sköter många användare stora delar av sina sociala relationer och delar med sig mycket av sig själva. Det finns inget tidigare socialt nätverk i stil med Facebook som har haft samma genomslagskraft hos internetanvändarna. I användandet skapas en digital identitet som lämnar spår på Facebook, även om en användare är död. Kring dessa kvalämnade digitala identiteter vill vi undersöka unga vuxnas syn.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Syfte: </strong>Vårt syfte med denna uppsats är att ta reda på hur unga vuxna ser på sitt och andras användande av Facebook  kopplat till digitala spår och döden.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Metod:</strong> Vi har valt att använda fokusgruppssamtal som metod för insamling av det empiriska materialet. Denna metod är både kvalitativ och induktiv. Det empiriska materialet har vi analyserat med den symboliska interaktionismen som metodologisk ansats.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Resultat: </strong>Det finns många meningsskillnader i vårt resultat. Deltagarna i fokusgrupperna ser både styrkor och svagheter med mediet Facebook då det kommer till döden. Detta handlar i mångt och mycket om att deltagarna ser Facebook som ofullständigt i detta avseende.</p> / <p><strong>Background:</strong> Facebook is a social online network that has expanded in popularity during the course of its existence. Many users manage large parts of their social  life and share much information about themselves on Facebook. There is no previous social  online network like Facebook, that has had the same development among the internet users. In the use of Facebook users create digital identities, which leave traces on Facebook, even if the user is dead. With this as an aspect, we want to study  young adults’  views on digital identities and death on Facebook.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Purpose:</strong> Our purpose in this study is to find out how young adults view upon their own as well as others use of Facebook related to digital traces and death.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Method:</strong> We chose to use focus group as a method of collecting the empirical material. This method is both qualitative and inductive. The empirical material is analyzed with the symbolic interaction as a methodological approach.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> There are many different opinions in our results. The participants in the focus groups see both strengths and weaknesses of the medium Facebook when it comes to death and digital traces. This based on the participants view of Facebook as incomplete medium in this aspect.</p>

Bakgrund: Facebook är ett socialt onlinenätverk som under sina levnadsår har ökat explosionsartat i popularitet. På Facebook sköter många användare stora delar av sina sociala relationer och delar med sig mycket av sig själva. Det finns inget tidigare socialt nätverk i stil med Facebook som har haft samma genomslagskraft hos internetanvändarna. I användandet skapas en digital identitet som lämnar spår på Facebook, även om en användare är död. Kring dessa kvalämnade digitala identiteter vill vi undersöka unga vuxnas syn.   Syfte: Vårt syfte med denna uppsats är att ta reda på hur unga vuxna ser på sitt och andras användande av Facebook  kopplat till digitala spår och döden.   Metod: Vi har valt att använda fokusgruppssamtal som metod för insamling av det empiriska materialet. Denna metod är både kvalitativ och induktiv. Det empiriska materialet har vi analyserat med den symboliska interaktionismen som metodologisk ansats.   Resultat: Det finns många meningsskillnader i vårt resultat. Deltagarna i fokusgrupperna ser både styrkor och svagheter med mediet Facebook då det kommer till döden. Detta handlar i mångt och mycket om att deltagarna ser Facebook som ofullständigt i detta avseende. / Background: Facebook is a social online network that has expanded in popularity during the course of its existence. Many users manage large parts of their social  life and share much information about themselves on Facebook. There is no previous social  online network like Facebook, that has had the same development among the internet users. In the use of Facebook users create digital identities, which leave traces on Facebook, even if the user is dead. With this as an aspect, we want to study  young adults’  views on digital identities and death on Facebook.   Purpose: Our purpose in this study is to find out how young adults view upon their own as well as others use of Facebook related to digital traces and death.   Method: We chose to use focus group as a method of collecting the empirical material. This method is both qualitative and inductive. The empirical material is analyzed with the symbolic interaction as a methodological approach.   Conclusion: There are many different opinions in our results. The participants in the focus groups see both strengths and weaknesses of the medium Facebook when it comes to death and digital traces. This based on the participants view of Facebook as incomplete medium in this aspect.

本研究中學生網際網路使用行為的主要目的有三：在瞭解中學生網路使用行為特性、中學生使用聊天室的互動特性，網路聊天室與學習的關係。文獻探討方面，本研究以資訊社會為背景，探討資訊素養問題，然後使用者與環境兩方面進行探討。從網路空間，鎖定在聊天室的網路環境下，使用者從青少年、匿名性到虛擬社群角度，經由使用符號在聊天室產生互動的分析，包括互動禮儀等相關主題。研究方法分調查與質性研究兩方面，調查方面針對台北市內外中學生經由網頁網路調查，質化部分分為觀察法，觀察聊天室的環境、訪談法，訪談中學生中學教師以及空大使用聊天室環境進行教學的教師。 研究結果發現：一、中學生網路使用的特性方面，使用經驗主要「半年至三年」，使用時段為18：00-21：00，最常從事的活動為聊天交友，上網地點以「家中」最多。2.使用網路交友動機主要為：想交新朋友、排遣寂寞感、打發時間、好奇等。3.中學生學會使用電腦網路與聊天室的都以朋友為主要來源。4.中學生選擇聊天室的條件包括：功能較豐富，畫面多采多姿，人數適中，主題相符，與室內對象的互動感覺不錯的人數越多等。 二、中學生使用聊天室的互動特性：1.聊天室互動與面對面互動皆需語言與非語言符號，但呈現方式不同。中學生使用者在「追求速度」以及「夠炫」的價值觀驅使下，產生當前的網路次級語言。2.使用匿名主要原因是「保護自己、隱密」，匿名產生兩極化現象，化名的命名包括：與姓名有關、與自己的表徵相關、自己想的理想名字、戲劇或故事角色中的名字、比較奇特沒有重複的名字等。化名以自己的考量為出發，而非為以吸引聊天對象，而除了化名外，在性別、年齡、職業。學歷上，大多數不使用假身份。3.互動對象上，「男女都有」最多，幾乎都為學生，以15-18歲高中生最多。網友數量上，十位以上最多。在網友與面對面情境的朋友差異上，大部分傾向認為面對面情境的朋友瞭解較深，而對網友持半信半疑的態度，但仍有認為網友較能無所顧忌的聊天，及交往容易而較能認同網友。 4.聊天社群遵循的互動禮儀，主要分為三個層次：第一層次為「基本原則」，以不造成身心傷害或不愉快的基本規則，大都屬於網路禮貌（netquette）的範圍，包括不暴露真實身份，不激怒對方，不羞辱對方，及自我保護等。第二層次為「順利原則」，不讓雙方產生誤解或困窘的規則，包括：1.成員發言權利平等，2.同時多人對談，3.「插話」行為的正常，4.高度的流動性，5.主題規範言論範圍，6.「舉止」文雅卻開放，7.關係的速成與脆弱，8.聊天室的社群關係（「我們一體」）。第三層次為「愉快原則」：此為更高的層次即是讓對方在互動中覺得愉快，包括：1.儘速的回應，2.善用聊天室的功能，3.使用網路次級用語。 三、網路聊天室與學習的關係方面：使用聊天室所習得的資訊素養上，在操作能力方面，是網路的操作熟練度；在技能上主要在「打字速度」，並且有較多的機會從中學習表達自我，抒發內在的情感，對網路的資訊採「半信半疑」的「後設處理」態度。適法性與倫理問題，則與聊天室的禮儀有關。使用聊天室的缺點在：1對資訊類科學生，可能無心學習程式設計等基礎課程2.網路次級用語，對傳統的國文教育，影響使用錯別字，不會斷句等。3.下課時間上網聊天，容易將聊天時後無論正向或負向的情緒，帶到下一堂課。4沈迷者無法自拔，影響功課。使用聊天室的好處在：1.相關的網路使用更為順手。2.機會學習電子郵件的使用、ICQ聊天，等相關軟體環境。3.短期內的「記憶」能力可能較佳。 教學的作法與注意事項方面，就環境特性而言包括：1.空間解放，2.時間解放，3.使用化名，4.兩極化現象，5.善用聊天室功能。就互動特性而言：1.輕鬆的氣氛，2.創造學習社群的「我們一體」感，3.社會建構主義式教學，4.協同教學，5.教師扮演導引的角色，6.教師仍擁有的絕對權力，7.人數的限制，8.善用「面子」問題，9.鼓勵正向自我坦露，10.激發集體智慧。11.先以閒聊開場。 建議方面，對中學生學校教育的建議：1.資訊素養的培養，2.與人交往的技巧，3..多元化的休閒活動，4.教師應親自使用網路，5.網路使用行為良好習慣的培養，6.多元使用教學管道，7.網路在學習上的運用。對中學生網路使用行為的輔導建議：1.對同學平時的關心與瞭解，2.傾聽多於建議，施以適時的輔導，3.注意交友狀況，4. 指導學生正當的情緒抒發行為，提供多重的抒發管道，5.多與他人接觸，學習人際相處之道，6.建立網路使用行為的責任，7.使用網路自我保護行為的教導。 / There are there main purposes of the research:1. To understand the characteristics of behavior of secondary school student using Internet, 2.the characteristics of interaction of secondary school student using chat room, 3.and the relationship of the chat room with learning. The research begins with the information society and information literacy. Then it analyzes the human interaction through Internet from two aspects: the environment and the people in it. The environment started with the human-computer interaction (HCI) , then it is based on the characteristics of cyberspace and further focused on the chat room. The user of the Internet discussed including 'anonymity', 'virtual community' and the 'youth'. The research methods include survey, observation and interview. The research results are found as follows: Most secondary school students using Internet at home at 18:00-21:00, and they have been using Internet for half to three years. The motivation of using Internet to make friends for: 1.making new friends,2. to let go of the loneliness,3. playing around and 4.curiosity etc. The interaction in chat room takes both language and non-language symbol. For the purpose of 'speed' and to 'show off', youth create and use sub-language in the Internet, it represented a kind of 'collective intelligence'. The anonymity is served to protect and conceal the users themselves. But except alias most youth user show their real status in chat room. The people they interact with including both sexes and most are students. Most users think their classmates are more familiar with than net friends, but still others think net friends are easier to talk any secrets without worrying they might tell other people users know around. There are three levels about ritual in the internet: 1.basic principle；2.smooth principle；3.pleasure principle. Every principle and its rules contain are also discussed. The negative effect of using chat room includes: 1. For students major in computer too early to use Internet may let them disconcentrate on program design, 2. Chatters of chat room always use bad Chinese grammar, 3.When chatting between two courses, the mood will affected even next course begins,4. Users who indulge in it will badly affect their learning. The positive effect of using chat room including: 1.they can use Internet more smoothly, 2. They Have more chances to learn to use e-mail, ICQ etc., 3.they may remember things better for a short period of time. When teaching through chat room, it will help teachers to achieve the aim by noticing following notes: 1.create the easy atmosphere, 2.forming 'we-us' learning community, 3.social constructivism teaching, 4.corporate teaching. 5.the leading role of teacher, 6.absolute power for teacher, 7.limitating the number participators, 8.make best of 'face value', 9.encouraging positive self-expression, 10.arousing collective intelligence, 11. courses begin with chatting. Suggestions for secondary school, for secondary school student and for further study are also described.

A sociedade contemporânea, atravessada por tecnologias digitais de comunicação e informação (TDCI), experimenta um período de constantes mudanças nas suas formas de estruturação, organização e também nas suas materialidades, práticas e saberes. Parece haver uma complexificação da dinâmica das disputas simbólicas políticas, implicando em alterações de várias ordens, principalmente nas relações existentes entre campo político, esfera midiática e sociedade, introduzindo novos processos, sociabilidades, atores, grupos etc. Em função disso, este trabalho tem por objetivo compreender como se estabelecem – nas esferas conversacionais dos blogs – as interações simbólicas, e como circulam, nas redes sociais digitais, as opiniões formadas nos embates opinativos e orientadas para a disputa na e pela opinião pública. Para tanto, por meio dos procedimentos metodológicos de análise de conteúdo e de análise de redes sociais, estudamos o episódio de racismo na internet contra os nordestinos, deflagrados pelos comentários da estudante Mayara Petruso logo após as Eleições Presidenciais do Brasil, publicados no dia 1º de novembro de 2010, tanto na plataforma Twitter, quanto no seu perfil do Facebook. Os resultados obtidos pelas análises demonstram uma série de potencialidades de ação proporcionadas pelas TDCI aos indivíduos, que possibilitam redimensionamentos dos capitais simbólicos, da esfera de visibilidade pública, do common, dos habitus individuais/coletivos e também da instância da opinião pública. / Given a context extremely surrounded by digital technologies of communication and information (DTCI), contemporary society is undergoing constant changes in its forms of structuring, organizing, and also in its materiality, practices and knowledge. From this, there seems to be a complexification of the dynamics of symbolic political disputes, resulting in changes of several orders, especially in the relations between the political field, media sphere and society, introducing into it new processes, sociability, actors, groups etc. As a result, this study aims to understand how the symbolic interactions are settled within the blog´s conversational sphere and how opinions formed within blogs circulate in digital social networks, leading to the symbolic dispute of public opinion. To achieve that, methods of content analysis and social networks were applied to study the episode of racism on the Internet against the Northeast Brazilian people, triggered by comments made on the 1st of November of 2010 - both on Twitter and Facebook - by the student Mayara Petruso, right after the presidential elections in Brazil. The results obtained by the analysis show a series of potential actions offered by DTCI to individuals, which enable the resizing of their symbolic capital and also on the realm of public visibility, in the common, in the individual/collective habitus and in the instance of public opinion.

A sociedade contemporânea, atravessada por tecnologias digitais de comunicação e informação (TDCI), experimenta um período de constantes mudanças nas suas formas de estruturação, organização e também nas suas materialidades, práticas e saberes. Parece haver uma complexificação da dinâmica das disputas simbólicas políticas, implicando em alterações de várias ordens, principalmente nas relações existentes entre campo político, esfera midiática e sociedade, introduzindo novos processos, sociabilidades, atores, grupos etc. Em função disso, este trabalho tem por objetivo compreender como se estabelecem – nas esferas conversacionais dos blogs – as interações simbólicas, e como circulam, nas redes sociais digitais, as opiniões formadas nos embates opinativos e orientadas para a disputa na e pela opinião pública. Para tanto, por meio dos procedimentos metodológicos de análise de conteúdo e de análise de redes sociais, estudamos o episódio de racismo na internet contra os nordestinos, deflagrados pelos comentários da estudante Mayara Petruso logo após as Eleições Presidenciais do Brasil, publicados no dia 1º de novembro de 2010, tanto na plataforma Twitter, quanto no seu perfil do Facebook. Os resultados obtidos pelas análises demonstram uma série de potencialidades de ação proporcionadas pelas TDCI aos indivíduos, que possibilitam redimensionamentos dos capitais simbólicos, da esfera de visibilidade pública, do common, dos habitus individuais/coletivos e também da instância da opinião pública. / Given a context extremely surrounded by digital technologies of communication and information (DTCI), contemporary society is undergoing constant changes in its forms of structuring, organizing, and also in its materiality, practices and knowledge. From this, there seems to be a complexification of the dynamics of symbolic political disputes, resulting in changes of several orders, especially in the relations between the political field, media sphere and society, introducing into it new processes, sociability, actors, groups etc. As a result, this study aims to understand how the symbolic interactions are settled within the blog´s conversational sphere and how opinions formed within blogs circulate in digital social networks, leading to the symbolic dispute of public opinion. To achieve that, methods of content analysis and social networks were applied to study the episode of racism on the Internet against the Northeast Brazilian people, triggered by comments made on the 1st of November of 2010 - both on Twitter and Facebook - by the student Mayara Petruso, right after the presidential elections in Brazil. The results obtained by the analysis show a series of potential actions offered by DTCI to individuals, which enable the resizing of their symbolic capital and also on the realm of public visibility, in the common, in the individual/collective habitus and in the instance of public opinion.

A sociedade contemporânea, atravessada por tecnologias digitais de comunicação e informação (TDCI), experimenta um período de constantes mudanças nas suas formas de estruturação, organização e também nas suas materialidades, práticas e saberes. Parece haver uma complexificação da dinâmica das disputas simbólicas políticas, implicando em alterações de várias ordens, principalmente nas relações existentes entre campo político, esfera midiática e sociedade, introduzindo novos processos, sociabilidades, atores, grupos etc. Em função disso, este trabalho tem por objetivo compreender como se estabelecem – nas esferas conversacionais dos blogs – as interações simbólicas, e como circulam, nas redes sociais digitais, as opiniões formadas nos embates opinativos e orientadas para a disputa na e pela opinião pública. Para tanto, por meio dos procedimentos metodológicos de análise de conteúdo e de análise de redes sociais, estudamos o episódio de racismo na internet contra os nordestinos, deflagrados pelos comentários da estudante Mayara Petruso logo após as Eleições Presidenciais do Brasil, publicados no dia 1º de novembro de 2010, tanto na plataforma Twitter, quanto no seu perfil do Facebook. Os resultados obtidos pelas análises demonstram uma série de potencialidades de ação proporcionadas pelas TDCI aos indivíduos, que possibilitam redimensionamentos dos capitais simbólicos, da esfera de visibilidade pública, do common, dos habitus individuais/coletivos e também da instância da opinião pública. / Given a context extremely surrounded by digital technologies of communication and information (DTCI), contemporary society is undergoing constant changes in its forms of structuring, organizing, and also in its materiality, practices and knowledge. From this, there seems to be a complexification of the dynamics of symbolic political disputes, resulting in changes of several orders, especially in the relations between the political field, media sphere and society, introducing into it new processes, sociability, actors, groups etc. As a result, this study aims to understand how the symbolic interactions are settled within the blog´s conversational sphere and how opinions formed within blogs circulate in digital social networks, leading to the symbolic dispute of public opinion. To achieve that, methods of content analysis and social networks were applied to study the episode of racism on the Internet against the Northeast Brazilian people, triggered by comments made on the 1st of November of 2010 - both on Twitter and Facebook - by the student Mayara Petruso, right after the presidential elections in Brazil. The results obtained by the analysis show a series of potential actions offered by DTCI to individuals, which enable the resizing of their symbolic capital and also on the realm of public visibility, in the common, in the individual/collective habitus and in the instance of public opinion.