Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T18:44:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Daniel Maia Martins1.pdf: 1667085 bytes, checksum: 98410e393c15c9fcfda357ca414881d7 (MD5) Daniel Maia Martins2.pdf: 1504418 bytes, checksum: 646749132613ef38e9cac8f3ff7cc10b (MD5) Daniel Maia Martins3.pdf: 2911581 bytes, checksum: 537f1eb0b63bed5550f157f5b0fa272b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-24 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The present research is a case study that has as a goal the study of the Antiochin Orthodox Apostolic Catholic Church in São José do Rio Preto and the immigration of the Syrian-Lebanese to this particular town. Mistaken by Muslims and/or Turkish, the first Syrian-Lebanese to arrive in Brazil were Christians. In São José do Rio Preto, many of them were Orthodox Christian. The context of their mother land in the end of the 19th century, beginning of the 20th and history about their journey to America are presented in this research as well as the beginning of the Antiochin Orthodox Apostolic Catholic Church in São José do Rio Preto. In order to do so, historical documents were used as well as testimonials and literature. The research also dealt with theological and liturgical factors of this church, which came from several interviews - with priests, church goers, Syrian-lebanese descendents, immigrants and researchers - and from participant observation. It is expected from this research to contribute with the studies of the Brazilian religious context and Religion science. / O presente trabalho é um estudo de caso que tem por objeto de estudo a Igreja Católica Apostólica Ortodoxa Antioquina em São José do Rio Preto e a imigração dos sírio-libaneses para esta cidade. Quase sempre confundidos com muçulmanos e/ou turcos, os primeiros sírio-libaneses a chegar ao Brasil eram cristãos. Em São José do Rio Preto, muitos deles eram cristãos ortodoxos. O contexto de sua terra natal no final do século XIX e começo do XX e histórias sobre a trajetória até chegar à América são apresentados no trabalho bem como o surgimento da Igreja Católica Apostólica Ortodoxa Antioquina na cidade. Para isso, utilizamos documentos históricos, depoimentos e literatura. Também discorremos sobre alguns fatores teológicos e litúrgicos desta Igreja, fruto das entrevistas realizadas com padres, fiéis da igreja, descendentes de sírio-libaneses, imigrantes e estudiosos e de observação participante. Nossa expectativa é contribuir com os estudos do contexto religioso brasileiro e das Ciências da Religião.

Le présent travail aborde l'architecture domestique de la côte syrienne à l'âge du Bronze récent. L’architecture domestique a certes déjà donné lieu à de nombreux travaux sur les sites côtiers, mais notre étude vise à réétudier entièrement l’importante documentation que compte cette région, objet de nombreux travaux archéologiques, notamment ces dernières années. Nous avons travaillé sur les constructions domestiques au sens large du terme : les maisons en elles-mêmes, ainsi que les installations domestiques, que l’on pourrait qualifier de secondaires, telles que certains espaces de travail et lieux de stockage (lorsque ceux-ci sont directement rattachés aux habitations). Nous avons aussi étudié en profondeur la question des installations sanitaires, éléments complémentaires dans la composition architecturale. Notre travail s’est penché aussi sur les tombes qui constituaient en effet un élément architectural intégré à la maison.Nous avons comparé les maisons de la côte syrienne datant du Bronze récent afin de mettre en évidence les analogies et les différences existant dans la construction de ces bâtiments. Nous les avons comparés avec certains bâtiments situés sur l’Euphrate. L’objectif de ces comparaisons était aussi de mettre au jour l’image propre des maisons des sites de la côte syrienne au regard des maisons de la même période, mais construites dans d’autres régions. / This research addresses the domestic architecture of the Syrian Coast during the Late Bronze Age. This subject has already given many scientific works about numerous archaeological sites. Our study aims at a full revaluation of the considerable literature about this area which has been the subject of many archaeological works, particularly during the last years.We have studied the domestic buildings, in the broad sense of the terms: houses, but also household installations that someone would describe as side effects, such as workings areas and stocking places (when they are completely united with the dwelling houses). We have deeply studied the matter of the sanitary appliances which are additional complement in the constructions. Our study has also examined the burials: they are architectural pieces of family houses.In our study we have tried comparison with the various houses of the Syrian Coast in the Late Bronze Age in order to give prominence to the analogies and differences which appear in the erections of private. We have also compared these buildings with those found on the Euphrate River. The subject of these comparisons was to update the specific characteristics of the houses of the Syrian Coast when you compare them with private houses of the same period, but in other areas.

L’activité économique et le nouveau marché électronique sont les notions qui motivent les économistes ainsi que les juristes à réorganiser le nouvel espace du commerce. Un marché électronique donne son caractère électronique à l’activité sur les réseaux, ce qui a motivé les États à adopter certaines règles pour régir ce marché. Cette utilisation de réseau mondial nous encourage à traiter la question de commerce électronique en droit, et plus précisément la question de contrat de vente électronique en droit international privé. La première partie de cette thèse traite d’un côté les questions de la particularité et les problématiques du commerce électronique en droit international privé. Ces problématiques prennent en compte la question du cyberespace en tant que nouveau marché virtuel: la territorialité, l’internationalité, l’immatérialité de cet espace. D’un autre côté, se trouve l’applicabilité des conventions internationales au contrat de vente électronique. La seconde partie de cette thèse analyse la technique et la stratégie d’adaptation des lois nationales afin d’être applicables au contrat électronique. Les deux exemples de cette analyse d’adaptation sont la loi française et la loi syrienne. / Economic activity and the new electronic marketplace are the concepts that motivate economists and lawyers to reorganize the new area of commerce. An electronic market provides its electronic character of the activity on the networks, which motivated the states to adopt certain rules governing this market. This use of global network encourages us to address the issue of electronic commerce law, and specifically the question of contract electronic sales in private international law. The first part of this thesis deals with one side of the particular issues and problems of electronic commerce in international private law. These issues take into account the issue of cyberspace as a new virtual marketplace: territoriality, internationality, the immateriality of this space. On the other hand, is the applicability of international conventions on electronic sales contrac. The second part of this thesis analyzes the technique and strategy of adapting national laws to be applicable to electronic contracts. Two examples of this analysis are adjusting to French law and the Syrian law.

Entering the 9th year of the Syrian Crisis, there are still more than 400 thousand school aged Syrian children considered ‘out-of-school’ in Turkey. Several previous studies as well as reports of International Organisations and Civil Society Organisations such as UNICEF and Support to Life argue that out-of-school Syrian children have formed part of the Turkish informal labour market. Restrained migration policies incorporated with the needs of global labour markets have caused precarisation of the migrant labour, and in the case of Turkey precarisation of migrant child labour as well. The aim of the current study is to critically analyse the strategies and interventions of this multilevel governance targeting migrant child labour. Hence, a qualitative research method was employed in order to answer the study’s research questions. First, document analysis was conducted to identify the multilevel institutional framework; and second, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with selected informants working for International Organisations. By facilitating Carol Bacchi’s ‘What is the problem represented to be?’ (WPR) approach, each actor’s strategies and interventions directed to migrant child labour are scrutinised. While each actor by definition manages to identify the causes of (migrant) child labour, the strategies and interventions are constrained by the conventional migration management approach as well as the discourses of “the best interest of the child” and “fair trade”.

This research aims to gain a detailed understanding of the push and pull factors that lead many Syrians in Turkey to migrate to Europe. Syrians are pushed to migrate for various reasons, including socio-economic difficulties in Turkey. It explores the Syrians’ experiences in Turkey and the elements that have deterred them from gaining the fundamental rights of accommodation, access to the labor market, and refugee status. The pull factors refer to the gains that the Syrians might achieve when migrating to Europe. These gains are socio-economic gains that assure a better future for them in Europe in comparison to their presence in Turkey. In this case, this research also explores how the Syrians plan to migrate to Europe by employing the influence of their social networks to conduct their secondary migration. This qualitative study uses seven semi-structured interviews and analyzes the experiences of the interviewees in order to reach concrete conclusions. The results of this study, according to the interviewees’ experiences, show that restrictive Turkish policies and procedures have pushed many Syrians to migrate. At the same time, the Syrians are attracted to migrating to Europe for better protection for them and their children. The findings also demonstrate that social ties influenced Syrians in their decision to migrate to Europe and avoid being deported to Syria.

In den Diskussionen zu Globalisierung und Global Governance wird häufig darauf hingewiesen, dass Staaten und zwischenstaatliche Organisationen allein nicht in der Lage sind, die verstärkt auftretenden transnationalen Probleme zu lösen. Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NGOs) gelten als Hoffnungsträger, die Problemlösungskompetenzen beisteuern und die Legitimität internationaler Politik verbessern könnten. Obwohl die UNESCO bereits seit 1945 eine ausgeprägte und institutionalisierte Zusammenarbeit mit der Zivilgesellschaft pflegt, lassen viele politikwissenschaftliche Studien über die Einbeziehung von NGOs durch internationale Organisationen die UNESCO völlig unberücksichtigt. In Arbeiten zu globalen öffentlichen Gütern bleibt die UNESCO ebenso unter-belichtet. Der Fokus richtet sich vor allem auf Umwelt und Klima. Doch das Weltkulturerbe ist gleichfalls ein globales öffentliches Gut. Mit dem Welterbeprogramm ruft die UNESCO alle Menschen weltweit auf, auch die Kulturstätten anderer Völker als ihr eigenes kulturelles Erbe zu begreifen und sich für dessen Erhaltung einzusetzen. Seit der von der UNESCO initiierten Rettung der nubischen Kulturstätten in den 1960er Jahren etablierte sich ein spannendes transnationales Politikfeld – leider wenig beachtet von der Politikwissenschaft. Wird in Medien über das Welterbe berichtet, findet die UNESCO meist nur im Zusammenhang mit der Verleihung des Welterbetitels Erwähnung. Von der Öffentlichkeit kaum wahrgenommen, hat die UNESCO auch die Aufgabe, Welterbestätten zu überwachen und ggf. Hilfsprogramme zu initiieren. Diese Studienarbeit wird politikwissenschaftliches Licht auf die Interaktionen zwischen UNESCO und Zivilgesellschaft zum Schutze von gefährdetem Kulturerbe werfen. Dabei konzentriere ich mich auf die Notfallmaßnahmen für die Kulturgüter in Syrien, die seit Beginn der kriegerischen Auseinandersetzungen im Jahr 2011 massiv von Zerstörung und illegaler Entwendung bedroht sind. Eine umfassende Analyse aller Beziehungen zwischen NGOs und UNESCO im Rahmen der Arbeit ist unmöglich. Ich wählte deshalb die NGO ‚Heritage for Peace‘ aus, um an diesem Beispiel zu zeigen, aus welchen Gründen und in welchen Bereichen die UNESCO mit NGOs kooperiert bzw. welche Gründe dagegen sprechen. Theoretisch angeleitet wird die Arbeit von der Ressourcentausch-Theorie. Die Untersuchung beginne ich mit einer kurzen Darstellung des Kulturgutschutzes durch die UNESCO und der Situation, in der sich die syrischen Kulturgüter gegenwärtig befinden.

The aim of this Master's thesis is to examine the securitization discourse used to construct the security threat coming from the veteran effect of the Islamic State's foreign fighters in Europe, and to see what kind of policies were adopted to counter it so far. The phenomenon of departing European citizens, who are becoming foreign fighters in the Syrian conflict, joining the ranks of the Islamic State, and then return back to their country of origin after having acquired combat experience or other training, has become a hot topic of discussion not only for academics, but also for politicians and ordinary citizens. To precise, this thesis is working with three main case studies, whose securitization discourse and security policies are analysed. These are: European Union, United Kingdom and France. The author was interested in finding out what similarities and differences can be found between the analysed countries, plus, whether there is some pattern of influence between the European Union and its member states in this area. The author of this thesis chose to use a comparative case study as a research design. It is useful to realize a contrast of contexts and therefore to discover specifics of the analysed cases. Two tables were created in order to clarify the operationalization of the analysed...

The diploma thesis deals with media discourse of a participation of russian and american armed forces in Syrian Civil War since 2014 until the end of 2018. The aim of the thesis is to show by discourse analysis how oficial state daily Российская газета and independent Независимая газета inform press readers. The main aim of the analysis is to show a difference and stereotypes in the representation of russian and american participation in this conflict. Electronic and printed articles of these periodics are fundamental sources of the thesis. Within the research methods we derive from theoretical works about a media influence on public opinion, media image processing, stereotypes and other means that are forming this image. Key words: Russia, USA, Syrian Civil War, Rossiyskaya gazeta, Nezavisimaya gazeta, media discourse

Denna uppsats beskriver och analyserar vägen till arbetsmarknadsetablering för den syriska invandrargruppen som sökte asyl i Sverige i samband med den stora flyktingvågen året 2015. Detta har skett genom att intervjua tolv syrier som sökte asyl i Sverige år 2015 på basis av humanitära skäl och som blev etablerade på arbetsmarknaden genom att ha fått en tillsvidareanställning eller genom att ha stadigvarande inkomst genom andra anställningsformer. Fokus ligger på hur informanterna beskriver utmaningarna för att etablera sig på den svenska arbetsmarknaden som nyanlända och vilka faktorer de upplever ha varit avgörande för deras etablering på arbetsmarknaden. Dessutom studeras upplevelser av vilka utmaningar och framgångsfaktorer som funnits för deras arbetsmarknadsetablering.  Data har analyserats genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys med hjälp av olika teoretiska förklaringsmodeller som integration och assimilation, byråkratiska organisationsformer och human- och socialt kapital teori. Fynden har visat att utmaningarna för syriers arbetsmarknadsetablering ligger både på individ- och samhällsnivå i form av språk, integrationssvårigheter, byråkratiska trösklar, ineffektiv etableringspolitik och svårighet med bostadsanskaffning. Fynden har även visat att hjälpande faktorer för invandrargruppens arbetsmarknadsetablering består av nyanländas effektivitet, humankapital, etableringspolitikens effektiva sida, Arbetsförmedlingens roll och betydelsen av socialt kapital.

During the last decade Arabic has become the second most common mother tongue in Sweden, so the relationship between Swedish and Arabic is a relatively new area of interest. The purpose of this study is to examine the incorporation of Swedish words into Arabic among Arabic speakers in Sweden. The primary source is an in-depth interview of three fluent speakers of Arabic and Swedish (with origins in Damascus, Syria). My aim was to examine which Swedish words are used in Arabic by Arabic speakers in Sweden and how they are used.   Regarding which words are used, my hypothesis was that I would find support for the pattern of how word borrowing functions in general, i.e. that the language follows power; loan words tend to be borrowed from powerful languages and cultures. Thus, I intended to examine whether a similar tendency would also be demonstrated in this study, that is, if the individual L2-words used while speaking L1 were associated with power and authorities. The interview manifested an overrepresentation of words that could be associated with power, but no clear support that this was a correlative relationship. Other factors, such as the simultaneous introduction of the word and the phenomenon, were found to be more plausible.   With regards to how words are used, my proposition was that the person having left the L1-environment (in this case Syria) at the oldest age would, in analogy with the prevalent notion concerning L1-attrition in general, incorporate the L2 into the L1 to a greater extent than other interviewees. The study found that the interviewee who had left her L1-environment at oldest age did adapt the Swedish words to Arabic phonology and morphology to a greater extent.