This study brings together two approaches to linguistic variation, Hallidayan systemic-functional grammar and Labovian variation theory, and in doing so brings together a functional interpretation of language and its empirical investigation in its social context. The study reports on an empirical investigation of the concept of text. The investigation proceeds on the basis of a corpus of texts gathered in sociolinguistic interviews with fifty adult speakers of Australian English in Sydney. The total corpus accounted for in terms of text type or genre numbers 420 texts of varying length, 125 of which, produced in response to four narrative questions, are investigated in greater detail in respect both of the types of text they constitute as well as of some of their linguistic realisations. These largely narrative-type texts, which represent between two and three hours of spoken English and total approximately 53000 words, are presented in a second volume analysed in terms of their textual or generic structure as well as their realisation at the level of the clause complex. The study explores in some detail models of register and genre developed within systemic-functional linguistics, adopting a genre model developed by J.R. Martin and others working within his model which foregrounds the notion that all aspects of the system(s) involved are related to one another probabilistically. In order to investigate the concept of text in actual discourse under conditions which permit us to become sufficiently confident of our understanding of it to proceed to generalisations about text and its contextual conditioning in spoken discourse, we turn to Labovian methods of sociolinguistic inquiry, i.e. to quantitative methods or methods of quantifying linguistic choice. The study takes the sociolinguistic interview as pioneered by Labov in his study of phonological variation in New York City and develops it for the purpose of investigating textual variation. The question of methodology constitutes a substantial part of the study, contributing in the process to a much greater understanding of the very phenomenon of text in discourse, for example by addressing itself to the question of the feasibility of operationalising a concept of text in the context of spoken discourse. The narrative-type texts investigated in further detail were found to range on a continuum from most experientially-oriented texts such as procedure and recount at one end to the classic narrative of personal experience and anecdote to the increasingly interpersonally-oriented exemplum and observation, both of which become interpretative of the real world in contrast to the straightforwardly representational slant taken on the same experience by the more experientially-oriented texts. The explanation for the generic variation along this continuum must be sought in a system of generic choice which is essentially cultural. A quantitative analysis of clausal theme and clause complex-type relations was carried out, the latter by means of log-linear analysis, in order to investigate their correlation with generic structure. While it was possible to relate the choice of theme to the particular stages of generic structures, clause complex-type relations are chosen too infrequently to be related to stages and were thus related to genres as a whole. We find that while by and large the choice of theme correlates well with different generic stages, it only discriminates between different genres, i.e. generic structures in toto, for those genres which are maximally different. Similarly, investigating the two choices in the principal systems involved in the organisation of the clause complex, i.e. the choice of taxis (parataxis vs. hypotaxis) and the (grammatically independent) choice of logico-semantic relations (expansion vs. projection), we find that both those choices discriminate better between types more distant on a narrative continuum. The log-linear analysis of clause complex-type relations also permitted the investigation of the social characteristics of speakers. We found that the choice of logico-semantic relations correlates with genre and question, while the choice of taxis correlates with a speaker's sex and his membership of some social group (in addition to genre). Parataxis is favoured by men and by members of the group lowest in the social hierarchy. Age on the other hand is not significant in the choice of taxis at all. In other words, since social factors are clearly shown to be significant in the making of abstract grammatical choices where they cannot be explained in terms of the functional organisation of text, we conclude that social factors must be made part of a model of text in order to fully account for its contextual conditioning. The study demonstrates that an understanding of the linguistic properties of discourse requires empirical study and, conversely, that it is possible to study discourse empirically without relaxing the standards of scientific inquiry.

This study brings together two approaches to linguistic variation, Hallidayan systemic-functional grammar and Labovian variation theory, and in doing so brings together a functional interpretation of language and its empirical investigation in its social context. The study reports on an empirical investigation of the concept of text. The investigation proceeds on the basis of a corpus of texts gathered in sociolinguistic interviews with fifty adult speakers of Australian English in Sydney. The total corpus accounted for in terms of text type or genre numbers 420 texts of varying length, 125 of which, produced in response to four narrative questions, are investigated in greater detail in respect both of the types of text they constitute as well as of some of their linguistic realisations. These largely narrative-type texts, which represent between two and three hours of spoken English and total approximately 53000 words, are presented in a second volume analysed in terms of their textual or generic structure as well as their realisation at the level of the clause complex. The study explores in some detail models of register and genre developed within systemic-functional linguistics, adopting a genre model developed by J.R. Martin and others working within his model which foregrounds the notion that all aspects of the system(s) involved are related to one another probabilistically. In order to investigate the concept of text in actual discourse under conditions which permit us to become sufficiently confident of our understanding of it to proceed to generalisations about text and its contextual conditioning in spoken discourse, we turn to Labovian methods of sociolinguistic inquiry, i.e. to quantitative methods or methods of quantifying linguistic choice. The study takes the sociolinguistic interview as pioneered by Labov in his study of phonological variation in New York City and develops it for the purpose of investigating textual variation. The question of methodology constitutes a substantial part of the study, contributing in the process to a much greater understanding of the very phenomenon of text in discourse, for example by addressing itself to the question of the feasibility of operationalising a concept of text in the context of spoken discourse. The narrative-type texts investigated in further detail were found to range on a continuum from most experientially-oriented texts such as procedure and recount at one end to the classic narrative of personal experience and anecdote to the increasingly interpersonally-oriented exemplum and observation, both of which become interpretative of the real world in contrast to the straightforwardly representational slant taken on the same experience by the more experientially-oriented texts. The explanation for the generic variation along this continuum must be sought in a system of generic choice which is essentially cultural. A quantitative analysis of clausal theme and clause complex-type relations was carried out, the latter by means of log-linear analysis, in order to investigate their correlation with generic structure. While it was possible to relate the choice of theme to the particular stages of generic structures, clause complex-type relations are chosen too infrequently to be related to stages and were thus related to genres as a whole. We find that while by and large the choice of theme correlates well with different generic stages, it only discriminates between different genres, i.e. generic structures in toto, for those genres which are maximally different. Similarly, investigating the two choices in the principal systems involved in the organisation of the clause complex, i.e. the choice of taxis (parataxis vs. hypotaxis) and the (grammatically independent) choice of logico-semantic relations (expansion vs. projection), we find that both those choices discriminate better between types more distant on a narrative continuum. The log-linear analysis of clause complex-type relations also permitted the investigation of the social characteristics of speakers. We found that the choice of logico-semantic relations correlates with genre and question, while the choice of taxis correlates with a speaker's sex and his membership of some social group (in addition to genre). Parataxis is favoured by men and by members of the group lowest in the social hierarchy. Age on the other hand is not significant in the choice of taxis at all. In other words, since social factors are clearly shown to be significant in the making of abstract grammatical choices where they cannot be explained in terms of the functional organisation of text, we conclude that social factors must be made part of a model of text in order to fully account for its contextual conditioning. The study demonstrates that an understanding of the linguistic properties of discourse requires empirical study and, conversely, that it is possible to study discourse empirically without relaxing the standards of scientific inquiry.

Cirkelmodellen, en del av genrepedagogiken, är en fasindelad undervisningsmodell där systemiskfunktionell lingvistik och ett sociokulturellt perspektiv på lärande tillämpas i ämnesundervisning för att göra elever uppmärksamma på hur språkliga resurser uttrycker mening i olika typer av texter i skolans olika ämnen. Cirkelmodellens inledande fas behandlar ämneskunskapen och de följande uppmärksammar genrens syfte och språkliga resurser. I litteratur om genrepedagogik uttrycks ofta att denna undervisningsmodell utvecklar både språk- och ämneskunskaper hos flerspråkiga elever. Samtidigt skiljer sig litteraturen åt beträffande principer för urval av ämnesinnehåll. Då innehållsurvalsprinciper är en bärande del av ämnesdidaktiken, vars syfte är att undersöka förutsättningar för att utveckla ämneskunnande, vill denna studie undersöka hur litteraturen framställer samhällsämnesdidaktiska principer i förhållande till genrepedagogisk undervisning. Studien har avgränsats till nio metodinriktade handböcker i språk- och kunskapsutvecklande arbetssätt och genrepedagogik, avsedda för lärare. En kvalitativ jämförande textanalys har gjorts med hjälp av en för undersökningen konstruerad analysmodell som kombinerar ämnesdidaktiskt inriktade teorier med genrepedagogikens teoretiska underbyggnad och visar på skillnader mellan olika undersökta framställningar. I undersökningens avslutande del diskuteras vilka pedagogiska konsekvenser dessa skillnader kan tänkas få för språk- och kunskapsutvecklande undervisning.

A presente pesquisa investiga as escolhas temáticas de textos jornalísticos, especificamente de reportagens, que partem do mesmo evento, mas que são produzidos e publicados em linhas editoriais distintas. Nosso objetivo geral, com este estudo, é proporcionar subsídios para que sejam superados paradigmas ainda baseados na dicotomia texto e gramática na Escola Básica, como também colaborar para a promoção de um ensino mais crítico e reflexivo, a fim de que os estudantes possam atuar em sociedade com autonomia. Para isso, elegemos como corpus duas reportagens de veículos ideologicamente antagônicos: o jornal A Nova Democracia e a revista Veja. Considerando que o contexto de cultura e o contexto de situação são determinantes para as escolhas linguísticas dos textos, examinamos a organização temática dos períodos que compõem as reportagens. Como referencial teórico, elegemos a Gramática Sistêmico-Funcional (GSF) de Halliday (1978; 1994; 2004), centrando-se especificamente na função Tema, pertencente à Estrutura Temática na Metafunção Textual, um dos níveis de análise da GSF, que organiza a oração como mensagem e sistematiza os significados ideacionais. O objetivo específico deste trabalho é, portanto, analisar até que ponto as diferenças ideológicas afetam as escolhas temáticas dos textos. Com essa finalidade, dedicamo-nos à análise dos Temas Ideacionais e seus significados, pois são eles os responsáveis por indicar de que maneira os autores priorizaram as informações nos períodos que compõem e organizam as mensagens contidas nos textos. Como método de pesquisa, anotamos e classificamos manualmente cada um dos dados quantitativos e, em seguida, passamos a uma análise qualitativa dos Temas assinalados. Os resultados apontam que ambos os textos apresentam uma alta frequência de Temas Ideacionais Participantes, mas semanticamente distintos. Quanto aos Temas Ideacionais Processos e Circunstâncias, eles evidenciam discrepâncias sintáticas e semânticas significativas, que revelam representações diferentes dos narradores frente ao mesmo evento. / This research investigates the thematic choices of journalistic texts, specifically news, talking about the same event, but which are produced and published in different editorial lines. Our main goal with this study is to provide information so that paradigms still based on the dichotomy text and grammar at the basic school can be overcome, as well as to contribute to the promotion of a more critical and reflective teaching, so that students can socially act with autonomy. That is the reason why we have chosen as corpus two articles of ideologically antagonistic vehicles: the newspaper A Nova Democracia and Veja magazine. Considering that the context of culture and the context of situation are crucial to the language choices of the texts, we examine the thematic organization of the periods that make up the stories. The theoretical framework we have chosen is the systemic-functional grammar (SFG) of Halliday (1978; 1994; 2004), specifically focusing on the Theme function, which belongs to the Thematic Structure in Textual Metafunction, one of the levels of analysis of the SFG, which organizes the sentence as message and systematizes the ideational meanings. The specific objective of this study is therefore to analyze the extent to which ideological differences affect the thematic choices of texts. Having this goal in mind, we have dedicated ourselves to the analysis of Ideational Themes and their meanings because they are responsible for indicating the way how the authors prioritized information in the periods that make up and organize the messages contained in the texts. As a research method, we have noted and manually classified quantitative data. The results show that both texts have a high frequency of participant but semantically distinct Ideational Themes. As for processes and circumstances Ideational Themes, they show significant syntactic and semantic discrepancies, which reveal different representations of narrators facing the same event.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:06:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CatiaMS_DISSERT_partes_autorizadas.pdf: 1129198 bytes, checksum: d9df995fd9f8baf903eb8c83bdd32340 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This research deals with the insertion of the portfolio as a resource to the development of the reflective action in training teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Its goal is to characterize linguistic marks that show the reflective process in learning narratives collected in portfolios following the considerations of the ideational metafunction of the Systemic-Functional Grammar (SFG) by Halliday (1994). Within the scope of analysis offered by SFG, the system of transitivity was chosen attempting to observe and study the lexicogrammatical choices made by participants to produce their learning narratives. The corpus was composed of twenty-six learning narratives produced by thirteen participants into two distinct modules, designated here as "First Assessment" and "Final Assessment. The analysis were performed using procedures related to Corpus Linguistics, with the aid of the computer resource WordSmith Tools 5.0 (Scott, 1999). The results seems to indicate that preservice teachers, when asked to reflect on activities written on the classroom, use in their narratives a significant majority of mental processes instead of material processes that are common in narratives from other nature. Meanwhile, the use of a portfolio in teacher training in EFL, can be considered as a trigger reflection tool, which allows future teachers' effective monitoring of all their learning process / Esta pesquisa trata da inser??o do portf?lio como recurso para o desenvolvimento da a??o reflexiva na forma??o inicial de professores de Ingl?s como L?ngua Estrangeira (ILE). Seu objetivo ? caracterizar - sob a perspectiva da metafun??o ideacional da Gram?tica Sist?mico-Funcional (GSF) de Halliday (1994) - marcas lingu?sticas que evidenciam o processo reflexivo de seus participantes em narrativas de aprendizagem coletadas em portf?lios. Dentro das possibilidades de an?lise oferecidas pela GSF, o sistema de transitividade foi escolhido na inten??o de observar e estudar as escolhas l?xico-gramaticais feitas pelos participantes ao produzirem suas narrativas de aprendizagem. O corpus foi composto por vinte e seis narrativas de aprendizagem produzidas por 13 participantes em dois m?dulos distintos, nomeados neste estudo como First Assessment e Final Assessment . Para realizar a an?lise foram utilizados procedimentos relacionados ? Lingu?stica de Corpus, com o aux?lio da ferramenta computacional WordSmith Tools em sua vers?o 5.0 (Scott, 1999). Os resultados indicam que professores em pr?-servi?o, quando solicitados a refletirem sobre atividades realizadas em sala de aula, utilizam em suas narrativas uma maioria significativa de processos mentais sobre os processos materiais, comumente encontrados em narrativas de diferentes naturezas. Neste ?nterim, a utiliza??o do portf?lio na forma??o de professores de ILE, pode ser considerada como uma ferramenta desencadeadora da reflex?o, que possibilita ao futuro professor o efetivo acompanhamento de todo seu processo de aprendizagem

Este trabalho tem como objetivo acompanhar a trajetória de uma professora de inglês em um projeto em uma escola de Ensino Fundamental da rede municipal de uma cidade do Vale do Paraíba, no estado de São Paulo, na condução de uma unidade didática por ela elaborada para o ensino da língua inglesa a partir de narrativas infantis, neste caso `Os Três Porquinhos. Nesse processo, as narrativas escritas pelos alunos constituem objeto de reflexão e análise pela professora, que os avalia à luz das oportunidades de aprendizagem construídas para os alunos em sala de aula. Participaram do projeto crianças entre 9 e 11 anos, que escreveram suas próprias versões de Os Três Porquinhos, em dois momentos distintos: uma primeira versão em português escrita na primeira aula e uma segunda versão em português e inglês escrita na penúltima aula. Essas produções, bem como a narrativa (em inglês) utilizada nas aulas, foram analisadas pelos preceitos da Gramática Sistêmico-Funcional, à luz de Halliday (1985/1994 e seguidores), principalmente Christie (2005) e Gouveia (2008 e 2009). Os critérios para a análise de histórias envolvem as seguintes categorias: as referências (endofórica); o tema e a progressão temática; a densidade lexical; o uso de terceira pessoa, o conhecimento sistemático da língua na produção de narrativa, significados experienciais que envolvem os processos: os mentais, materiais, comportamentais, existenciais, verbais e relacionais, e as etapas de organização da narrativa. Os resultados revelam como as narrativas analisadas apresentam as características sistêmicas identificadas e discutidas na literatura e a maioria dos estágios e elementos fundamentais para sua organização textual. Conhecer essas características pode embasar a decisão do professor de língua estrangeira com referência não somente quanto ao o quê ensinar, mas também, e, sobretudo, quanto ao como ensinar os conteúdos dos diversos programas de ensino de línguas estrangeiras, a fim de colaborar no aperfeiçoamento da produção escrita dos aprendizes. / This study aims at following the trajectory of an English teacher in a project in a state elementary school in a city of Vale do Paraíba, São Paulo, in conducting a teaching unit based on a fairy tale, in this case, `The Three Little Pigs. In this process the stories written by the students constitute the object of reflection and analysis for the teacher, who evaluates them in the light of learning opportunities built for students in the classroom. Participated in the project children aged 9 to 11, who wrote their own versions of The Three Little Pigs, in two different moments: the first version written in Portuguese in the first class, and a second version written in Portuguese and English in the 6th class (one before the last). These productions, as well as the story (in English) used in class, were analysed in the light of Systemic-Functional Grammar, as discussed by Halliday (1985/1994 and his followers), mainly by Christie (2005) and Gouveia (2008, 2009). The criteria for analysing stories involve the following categories: references (endophoric), theme and thematic progression, lexical density, the use of third person, systematic knowledge of the language in the production of narrative, experiential meanings involving the processes: mental, material, behavioral, existential, verbal, relational, and organizational stages of the narrative. The results reveal how the systemic features were identified and discussed in the literature in the stories analysed, and most of its fundamental stages and key elements for the text organization. Knowing these characteristics can help the decision of the foreign language teacher with reference not only as to what to teach, but also, and especially as to how to teach the content of the various programs of foreign language teaching in order to collaborate in developing learners written production.

I “Det finns även personer som...”: En transitivitetsanalys av trans*personer i text undersöks tre olika texter. Texterna är från riksdagen, Regeringen och Socialstyrelsen och alla handlar om eller riktar sig till trans*personer i olika utsträckning. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur trans*personer skrivs om eller till i texter som kommer från inflytelserika myndigheter och samhällsinstanser. Med utgångspunkt ur den systemisk-funktionella grammatiken samt intersektionella perspektiv på diskriminering görs en transitivitetsanalys som kombineras med den analytiska modellen genderism. Resultaten visar att det grundläggande verkar vara svårt att alls skriva om eller till trans*personer, men att texterna utvecklar ett antal olika metoder för att ändå försöka göra detta. Det sker ofta genom att antingen abstrahera med långa komplicerade omskrivningar, eller försöka hålla ett direkt ’du’-tilltal. Det är tydligt att författarna försöker undvika problematiska kategoriseringar, men det visar sig riskera att leda till bortnämningar istället. Det visade sig också finnas en intressant tendens att både gå emot och samtidigt bekräfta och cementera en cisnormativitet. Den här kandidatuppsatsen skrevs vårterminen 2020 av Jack Ohlson. Handledare var Ulf Larsson.

Since the school subject Swedish as a second language was established in the Swedish school system in the mid-1990s, the organization of the subject has varied widely across schools, and the outcomes have been poor. This thesis investigates these problems linguistically. The main objective is to explore the school subject Swedish as a second language in relation to the language of students taking the subject. Another aim of this thesis is to illuminate the complex relation between the Swedish language and the use and conception of Swedish as a second language. A critique of the concept of ‘language’ and of language attitudes in the school context is a recurring theme in the thesis. The thesis contains four papers addressing different aspects of the school subject Swedish as a second language. Paper I examines texts and oral presentations from a group of students born in Sweden, analyzing their language from a normative, mainly grammatical, perspective. Paper II develops a model for analyzing text as activity. In Paper III, the model from paper II is applied to analyze students’ narrative texts written as responses to an assignment, focusing on texts that received failing grades. Papers I and III include comparisons with Swedish as a language and as a school subject. Paper IV, finally, analyzes views of language in policy documents. One critical result of the thesis is the identification of a need for a raised awareness about language in schools and society. In the current situation it is hard to establish a discrete boundary dividing the language of students in the subject Swedish as a second language from the language of students in the subject Swedish, but differences can be observed, which in some sense resonates well with the definition of the subject given by the policy documents. Swedish as a second language in schools can be vaguely defined as Swedish with non-Swedish or foreign markers. The vague definition of the subject and the many linguistic conditions built into the subject entail that Swedish as a second language does not seem well-suited for anyone. Employing a combination of a traditional and an alternative view of language, as proposed in this thesis, may be a fruitful way to accommodate all students.

[pt] Neste trabalho analisamos sob que perspectivas o presente do indicativo é apresentado nas gramáticas normativas. Em função do resultado dessa análise, levantamos algumas propostas para vermos amenizados os conflitos entre forma e significado, a partir de uma abordagem funcional. Baseados em breve reflexão sobre o conceito tempo, observamos as nuances semânticas do presente do indicativo encontradas no discurso oral e buscamos uma sistematização dessas ocorrências. / [en] In this essay we analyze in which perspectives the present tense is presented in standard grammars. As a result of this analysis, some proposals were raised to minimize the conflicts between form and meaning, rooted in a systemic functional approach. Based on a brief reflection about the concept of time, we observed the semantic nuances of the present tense found in oral discourse and we searched for a systematization of these occurrences.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Janaina de Paula Martins.pdf: 909257 bytes, checksum: 3022dd3e6934978ce183bd38c18664a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-31 / The objective of my research is to examine how appraisal, especi popular protests that happened in Brazil in June, 2013. This topic was chosen due to its topicality and relevance to the Brazilian political and social landscape. The choice of the opinion essay genre was due to the need for Brazilian students to produce particularly argumentative texts in diagnostic tests. The data used were collected in two copies of the opinion essay genre, published by the n w F Sã P . T S F G (SFG) calls for the simultaneous construction, by language, of three meanings or metafunctions: Ideational (informing); Interpersonal (allowing interaction) and Textual (linguistically organizing the text). SFG allows investigation of the relationships between choices of certain linguistic forms and the ideologies and power relations that underlie these forms. This research has critical characteristics, in the terms of Critical Linguistics, in the attempt to marry a methodology of textual linguistic analysis with a social theory of language about political and ideological processes, resorting to SFG. Furthermore, the essays analysis is aided by the following concepts: the argumentative genre and the textual modes that constitute it, Argumentation Theory, as well as persuasive resources: politeness, irony and voicing. The research should answer the following questions: (a) how are the essays structured regarding persuasion? (b) to what lexicogrammatical choices do the authors resort to express the persuasion that permeates their opinions about the same fact? Results show that w z B z w : C shows that the situation in Brazil is so serious that the people may rise up, with tragic consequences; Coelho, from beliefs reported on the media, also shows that Brazil is undergoing a time of precariousness in virtually all sectors of society / O objetivo de minha pesquisa é o exame do modo como a avaliação, em especial a do tipo implícito, contribui para persuadir o leitor em artigos de opinião, no caso, referentes às manifestações de protesto popular ocorridas no Brasil em junho de 2013. Este tema foi escolhido devido a sua atualidade e relevância no cenário político-social brasileiro. A escolha do gênero artigo de opinião deveu-se à necessidade dos alunos brasileiros produzirem textos marcadamente argumentativos em provas diagnósticas. Os dados que utilizo foram coletados em dois exemplares do gênero artigo de opinião, publicados na Folha de São Paulo . A pesquisa tem o apoio da Gramática Sistêmico-Funcional (GSF), que preconiza a construção simultânea pela língua de três significados, ou metafunções: Ideacional (informando), Interpessoal (permitindo a interação) e Textual (organizando linguisticamente o texto). A GSF permite a investigação das relações entre escolhas de certas formas linguísticas e as ideologias e relações de poder que subjazem a essas formas. A presente pesquisa investe-se de cunho crítico, nos termos da Linguística Crítica, uma tentativa de casar um método de análise linguístico-textual com uma teoria social da linguagem sobre processos políticos e ideológicos, recorrendo-se à GSF. Além disso, a análise dos artigos conta com o auxílio das seguintes noções: gênero argumentativo e os modos textuais que o constituem, Teoria da Argumentação, bem como de recursos persuasivos: polidez, ironia e vozeamento. A pesquisa deve responder às seguintes perguntas: (a) como são estruturados os artigos com vistas à persuasão? (b) a que escolhas léxico-gramaticais recorrem os autores para a expressão da persuasão que permeia as suas opiniões sobre um mesmo fato? Os resultados mostram que os dois articulistas aqui estudados criticam a situação do Brasil, diferindo na maneira como o fazem: Cony mostra que a situação no Brasil está tão grave que o povo pode sublevar-se, com trágicas consequências; e Coelho, a partir de crenças noticiadas na mídia, mostra também que o Brasil atravessa um momento de precariedade em praticamente todos os setores da sociedade