Purpose – The purpose with this study is to investigate how an assembly line for products with long cycle time, high product variation and operators who follow the products through the flow can be planned for a high resource utilization as well as the challenges that can arise when planning an assembly line with an increasing demand and how these can be handled. Method – To fulfill the purpose of this study a case study was conducted at Mastec Components AB in Vaggeryd. The empirical data gathered from the case study was obtained through interviews, observations and document studies. The empirical data was then analysed against theory, which means that pattern matching was used and the analyse led to the studies results. Findings – This study illustrates how an assembly line with special demands can be planned to gain high resource utilization. When the products cycle times are multiple they can be sorted into product families to simplify the planning and it also enables a tacted planning method to be used. The study also presents how the usage of time buffers can facilitate the planning of an assembly line. Moreover the study illuminates the importance of controlling tact, both from the customer and the own production. When demand increases it is important that the production line is capable to keep up, therefore some arrangements can be done to reduce waste and increase capacity. Possible alternatives can be buffers, allocating resources and parallel assembly lines. Implications – The study investigates a type of assembly line where the operators follow the products through the flow. This type of assembly line is unexplored in theory and thereby a knowledge gap has been identified which partly have been covered by this study. Further on, the study contributed to an increased understanding of the consequences that occur when operators follow the flow and when products have long varying cycle times. The study also shows the value of calculating tact and use the advantages from it to easier handle variation in demand. Limitations – The case study was performed as one case study which means that only one unit has been analysed. This was due to the lack of resources to do several case studies, both regarding time and ability to find more facilities with similar conditions. If it were possible to conduct more case studies the results could have been more general. Keywords – Tact, tact time, tacted planning, assembly line, planning, operators, buffer.

A master thesis within mechanical engineering performed by two student has been conducted at Scania in Oskarshamn. The purpose has been to investigate if Discrete Event Simulation using ExtendSim can be applied to increase Scanias assembly productivity. The projectiles was to investigate how the buffer systems could be managed by vary the amount of buffers and their transport speed. The assembly line takt times with regard of their availability was also investigated. The method of approach was to build a simulation model to gaining valid decision making information regarding these aspects. Process stop data was extracted and imported to ExtendSim where the reliability library was used to generate shutdowns. Comparing 24 sets over 100 runs to each other a median standard deviation of 0,91 % was achieved. Comparing the total amount of assembled cabs over a time period of five weeks with the real timedata a difference of 4,77 % was achieved. A difference of 1,85 % in total amount of shutdown time was also achieved for the same conditions. The biggest effect of varying buffer spaces was for system 6A. An increasement of up to 20 more assembled cabs over a time period of five weeks could then be achieved. By increasing all the buffertransports speeds by 40 % up to 20 more assembled cabs over a time period of ve weeks could be achieved. A push and pull system was also investigated where the push generated the best results. A 22 hour decreasement of total shutdown time and an increasement of 113 more assembled cabs over a time period of ve weeks could be achieved.

This diploma thesis was focused on implementation of CNC tool grinder Helitronic Power 400 into serial production on flowing assembly. In the first part, optimization methods were described, which are used in practice as a tool for increasing the productivity and profitability of the company. The practical part was focused on the inclusion of the machine into serial production and on processes connected with the implementation.

The aim of this semestral thesis is to use the Value Stream Mapping (VSM) as visual aids to describe streamlining the production process of vibration welding machines in Emerson Industrial Automation, in Nove Mesto nad Vahom. In this thesis is contained description and comparison of the software support for the VSM. Theoretical part describes the causes of lean production and discusses the purpose of mapping of the value stream and variables associated with it.

The aim of this diploma thesis is processing of the design of the assembly line for assembling of water ventilation systems of thermoregulation of an engine. The proposal is comprised of determination of the line cycle time, required number of workers and a creation of three possible options of assembly line solution. The final variant will be chosen by using a multi-criterion evaluation.

Purpose – The purpose of the study is to explore how productivity can be improved in an assembly line in manufacturing industry. In order to fulfill the purpose, following three research questions have been formulated: 1. How can an assembly line be designed? 2. Which potential improvement areas can be found in an assembly line? 3. How can assembly line balancing be used to improve productivity? Method – A case study was performed in order to answer the research questions. A combination of quantitative and qualitative data have been collected. To build an understanding of existing theories and research within the study area, a literature study was conducted which formed a theoretical framework. Parallel to the literature study, empirical data was collected through a case study. Data collection methods included observations, document studies, time measurements and focus group meetings. The reviewed theories and the collected data were later analyzed and a result was generated. Findings – In order to improve productivity, Theory of Constraints enabled the identification of potential improvement areas. To address the improvement areas, Assembly Line Balancing was found an appropriate method. Through the case study it was found that through Assembly Line Balancing, a reduction of takt time can be achieved which opens up the possibility to increase the production volume. Also, when re-allocating operators between work tasks, a reduction in numbers of operators is possible which results in lower costs. By lowering costs and increasing production volume, improved productivity is achieved. Implications – This study presents an application of the two improvement methods Theory of Constraints and Assembly Line Balancing in a manufacturing industry. Therefore, the thesis can be used as a basis when performing improvement work related to reduction of takt time in other manufacturing industries, to gain a better understanding for the implementation of the studied methods. Limitations – One limitation of the study was the pandemic Covid-19, which enforced restrictions on the case company. This disturbed the conduction of the case study since less focus group meetings were conducted, and suggested improvements could not be tested. Another limitation was the limited study time frame. Consequently, the collected time measurements were relatively few and the study scope was delimited to only packaging activities. To increase reliability, a more extensive time frame is necessary. The analysis has been adopted to the situation at the case company. The conclusions may hence be biased, which could restrict to what extent the study can be generalized.

The #MeToo movement exposed widespread vulnerability to sexual abuse, while digitalization increased online risks for youth. Recent changes in the curriculum for the Swedish Upper Secondary school have expanded sexual education, emphasizing consent and relationships, underscoring its importance across school activities, including the subject social studies. Despite the potential for integrating these themes, research indicates reluctance among several teachers. Research primarily focuses on teaching methods from both teacher and student perspectives, yet there is a gap in understanding teachers of social studies needs and challenges in light of these new curriculum guidelines, hence the purpose of this study. Our aim is to capture a result that can develop sexual education, furthermore get an insight into what teachers need to integrate the topic of sexuality, consent and relationships. We gathered empirical material using mixed methods; a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews. The result, presented through thematic analysis and discussed using theoretical concepts and current research, shows that teachers of social studies lack a unified view on integrating these topics due to the broad curriculum, as they have varied experiences, unclear guidelines or insufficient preparation. Challenges include content overload, time constraints and the sensitivity of the subject. Teachers navigate these challenges using their pedagogical skills and relationship-building, highlighting the need for clearer guidelines, collaborative work, and professional development to effectively address the controversial topics that the subject can arise.  The subject is crucial for students' lives and their future as democratic citizens. We propose reviewing the guidelines and the curriculum of social studies to provide concrete guidance for teachers. This would ensure the subject is neither forgotten nor overwhelming and reduce the risk of it being intended to be covered in all subjects but actually included in none.

This thesis deals with temporal characteristics of tone units in read speeches of professional speakers. The main goal of the research is to follow variability of the articulation rate (AR) within tone units. Thus, the domain where we investigate AR is the tone unit and we also deal with the general articulation rate. Read narrations in Czech in wildlife documentaries represented the studied material. To verify the statistical significance, we used the linear mixed effects model and the ANOVA test. The results of the measurement of the general average articulation rate within the narrations showed that the values of one speaker were significantly different from those of the other speakers. Interpersonal variability was also proved by the ANOVA tests and intrapersonal variability was also evidenced. The average AR values with regard to linear segmentation proved to be relatively uniform. Statistical verifications did not prove any statistical significance either. In our analyses of tone units, we investigated whether AR was influenced by the size of tone units in prosodic words, further by the position of the prosodic word in the tone unit, and what were the directions of AR changes inside the unit. Statistical tests were used to verify the significance of the impact of the tone unit size as well as...

<div>Reviewing the literature verifies that manufacturing industries fall short of the required sustainable criteria in the system design.</div><div>One of the leading reasons behind such a failure refers to the lack of an effective system design's knowledge toward the selected solutions by benchmarking.</div><div>The Collective System Design (CSD) approach provides a countermeasure for this shortcoming by starting the design approach with a collective agreement upon the external and internal customer needs and then choosing the solutions for the system design to achieve those needs. </div><div>The general requirements and solutions to a manufacturing system are covered in the Manufacturing System Design Decomposition (MSDD) in a linear and path-dependent fashion, which is a core derivative of the CSD.</div><div><br></div><div>The CSD application in industrial case studies has been provided in this thesis to elaborate on how the CSD approach assists industries to re-design their systems in a sustainable manner.</div><div>The segregation of the tools and objectives of the system re-design in a path-dependent fashion is guided by the design principles.</div><div>The case studies described how to achieve the external customer needs of product quality, quantity, variety, and on-time delivery with a collaborative work inside the plant. </div><div>This collaboration was built up by defining the customer-supplier connection inside the plant.</div><div>Cell re-design and balancing of operations with a well-defined standard work is also elaborated in this research to help produce what is needed to be shipped today with the least amount of waste in the system.</div><div>The after system redesign MSDD questionnaire analysis at these industries have shown that the industries successfully satisfied their system needs in a sustainable manner. </div><div><br></div><div>In those case studies, an internal customer need for a safe working environment was also brought to light and the CSD approach was introduced and applied to achieve the associated requirements of safety. </div><div>As the original MSDD lacked the requirements and solutions for the safety component, an updated version of the MSDD has been proposed to incorporate </div><div>the safety branch to the MSDD.</div><div>In addition, some enhancements to the current version of the MSDD have been made for a clearer and more thorough understanding of the system design.</div>

Orientador: Antonio Batocchio / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T07:20:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fagundes_RenatoAlexandre_M.pdf: 1173048 bytes, checksum: f9c42d8865a1d2718c308d673b82bd20 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo a implementação de um processo cadenciador (ou puxador) na linha de produção de uma indústria fabricante de placas de circuito impresso rígidas, focando principalmente na implantação de um sistema cadenciador para que o fluxo de produção flua de uma maneira cadenciada e limpa para atender uma determinada família de produtos de placas de circuito impresso rígido (não metalizadas ¿simples face¿ e metalizadas ¿dupla face¿). A montagem da célula de produção para o estudo foi desenvolvida a partir da análise da técnica de mapeamento de fluxo estendido para se obter a melhor produtividade do sistema e atender as demandas do cliente final. A existência de algumas formas de variabilidades nos tempos takt, balanceamento de operadores, tempo para troca de modelos e dimensionamento do ciclo de máquinas foram estudadas e apresentadas buscando sempre uma otimização do fluxo contínuo dentro do processo cadenciador. Através das técnicas de mapeamento de fluxo de valor foi montado um mapa de estado atual e futuro o qual nos permite visualizar de uma maneira mais clara as correções propostas. Palavras chaves: Manufatura enxuta, Mapeamento de Fluxo de Valor, Tempo Takt, OBC / Abstract: This work has as objective the implementation of a pacemaker process in the line of production of an industry manufacturer of rigid printed circuit board, where the major is on the implantation of a pacemaker process allowing a production flow clean and smoth for one definitive product family of the printed circuit board (not metallized "single face" and metallized "double face"). The assembly of the cell of production for the study was developed from the analysis of the technique of Mapping Stream Value to get the best productivity of the system and to take care of the demands of the final customer. The existence of some forms of variabilities like : takt time, balancing of operators, time for exchange of models and sizing of the cycle of machines had been studied and presented searching always an optimization of the continuous flow inside of the pacemaker process. Through the techniques of Mapping Stream Value from the current state to future state was mounted which in allows them to visualize in a clear way of the corrections proposals. Key words- Lean Manufacturing, Value Stream Mapping, Takt Time, OBC / Mestrado / Planejamento e Gestão Estrategica da Manufatura / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica