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The empirical evidence and the academic literature point to the opposed directions on the capability of the territorial arrangements to extenuate conflict in ethnically divided and civil war-worn countries. Little is known about the diverse capacities of the territorial power sharing arrangements in diminishing violence in the post-conflict societies. Therefore, this thesis aims to contribute to the field through studying the conditions under which territorial power sharing arrangements reduce violence in the post-conflict settings. I argue that a resumption of violence is less likely following territorial power sharing arrangements in cases where a relatively  high level of economic decentralization is provided for a subnational entity, as it allows the rebel groups to sustain their support base among key constituencies. To test the theoretical argument, a structured, focused comparison of territorial power sharing arrangements in Aceh province of Indonesia and Mindanao province of the Philippines is conducted. The empirical findings give support to the hypothesis in the expected direction. Aceh, where the resumption of violence did not occur, also was enjoying a relatively higher level of economic decentralization. While in ARMM, where the violence resumed after five years following the peace agreement, economic decentralization was relatively low. Nevertheless, the extended analysis reveals additional factors. Transformation of the rebel organization into the political parties and inclusive peace agreements potentially may have impact on the territorial power sharing arrangements’ capability to contain violence in the post conflict environments.

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Did Kosovo have right to secede? What was the cause of conflict in Kosovo? How important is Kosovo for international community? This thesis addresses these issues as it seeks, above all, to answer the question - Is Kosovo a sovereign, unrecognized, or failed state? To do so, the chapter I explores critically the definitions of sovereign, unrecognized, and failed states. The chapter I argues that Kosovo does not have full control over the territory it claims, but with help of the international offices this problem has been overcome. On the other hand, the main obstacle to international recognition and full sovereignty is Serbia (parent state), claiming that Kosovo is part of its territory. Therefore, the theories of secession are analyzed in-depth in order to answer whether Kosovo can obtain the missing part of sovereignty without a parent state. The main argument for Kosovo's secession is extensive violence in 1990's, therefore chapter II scrutinizes the history of political violence in Kosovo, showing that Kosovo's secession has its roots in creation of Greater Albania and alleged violation of human rights can be only the trigger but not the cause of the secession. Chapter III assesses the debate of Serbia's sovereignty/integrity versus Kosovo's right to self-determination. This chapter at first...

Ce travail de thèse interroge la notion d'ancrage territorial dans la mise en œuvre des pratiques de Responsabilité Sociétale d'Entreprise (RSE) en faveur du développement économique territorial. Il relève d'une observation participante adossée au programme Une rivière, un territoire DEVELOPPEMENT initié par l'entreprise EDF au sein du bassin versant de la haute vallée de la Dordogne. D'abord, nous conduisons une étude relative aux fondements théoriques et aux contextes socio-économiques dans lesquels s'inscrivent les processus de co-construction des programmes de RSE territorialisée. Notre premier objectif est de mesurer les attentes des parties prenantes dans l'élaboration de ces programmes afin de comprendre comment ces attentes se matérialisent dans les réponses apportées par les entreprises. Ensuite, nous menons trois expérimentations en développant des formes d'ingénierie territoriale spécifiques. Notre deuxième objectif vise à mesurer la contribution effective du programme d'EDF à l'action publique territoriale, à identifier ses limites ainsi que les nouvelles attentes des acteurs. Enfin, nous confrontons nos résultats au programme cadre initié par EDF en réinterrogeant les concepts de RSE et d'ancrage territorial. Notre troisième objectif est de formuler d'éventuelles évolutions des programmes de RSE territorialisée. Les résultats font apparaître que ces programmes s'inscrivent dans des contextes socio-économiques particuliers. Les expérimentations menées mettent en évidence une contribution effective du programme d'EDF au développement territorial autour de formes d'accompagnement spécifiques favorisant l'émergence de projets qui s'inscrivent dans la gouvernance territoriale. De nouvelles attentes apparaissent autour d'un renforcement de l'interdépendance entre l'entreprise et le territoire, c'est pourquoi, nous proposons une évolution de ces programmes en adjoignant au cadre de référence une approche par la valeur partagée et partenariale destinée à favoriser cette interdépendance. / This thesis work investigates the notion of territorial anchoring throught the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) favouring territorial economic development. This work involves field research through the programme “a river, a territory – DEVELOPMENT” initiated by the EDF corporation within the catchment area of the high Dordogne valley. First we conduct a study of the theoretical foundations and socio-economical contexts in which the territorialised CSR co-construction programme processes are involved. Our first objective is to measure stakeholder expectation during the elaboration of these programmes to understand how these expectations materialise into responses given by corporations. Then, we set up three experiments through the development of specific territorial engineering approaches. Our second objective consists in measuring the effective contribution of the EDF programme for territorial public action, identify its limits and new expectations of its actors. Finally, we compared our results against the programme roadmap initiated by EDF by revisiting the CSR and territorial anchoring concepts. Our third objective is to formulate potential evolutions of territorialised CSR programmes. The results show that these programmes are embedded within particular socio-economic contexts. The conducted experimentations show an effective contribution of the EDF territorial development programme around specific support approaches favouring project emergence within territorial governance. Finally, new expectations appear around a reinforcement of the interdependency between corporations and territories. We then propose an evolution of these programmes by joining roadmaps with an approach based on shared and partnership values aimed at favouring this interdependency.

Notre recherche s’inscrit au cœur du phénomène nouveau des marques de territoires. Nous avons abordé cet engouement territorial en le situant au cœur des pratiques de marketing territorial. Cette discipline a retenu notre attention pour différentes raisons : il s’agit d’une discipline jeune et énormément critiquée pour son « insuffisance de connaissances ». Mais il s’agit également d’une discipline en attente d’une nouvelle structuration. Au cœur de cette étude, nous avons déterminé les liens très forts unissant les pratiques de marketing territorial et l’attractivité. Nous nous sommes donc positionnés en faveur d’une analyse de ce phénomène nouveau, que sont les marques de territoire, afin de le matérialiser, le décortiquer et surtout de comprendre sa place dans les logiques de marketing appliquées au territoire. Nous avons retenu deux cas d’études de cette pratique : Only Lyon et Bretagne. / This research joins at the heart of the new phenomenon of place branding. We approached this territorial craze by placing it in the heart of the practices of place marketing. This discipline caught our attention for various reasons: it is about a young discipline and enormously criticized for its " insufficiency of knowledge ". But it is also about a discipline awaiting a new structuring. At the heart of this research, we determined the very strong links uniting the practices of place marketing and the attractiveness. We positioned in favour of an analysis of this new phenomenon, that are place brands, and especially to understand its place in the applied logics of place marketing. We have analyzed two places brands cases : Only Lyon and Bretagne.

Face au phénomène de désindustrialisation de certains territoires français, accompagné par des mouvements de délocalisation, et dans un contexte de concurrence mondiale exacerbée, la question de l'attractivité des territoires infranationaux se pose avec acuité. Cette thèse porte sur l'attractivité territoriale entendue comme la capacité à retenir des activités économiques étrangères de sorte à favoriser le développement territorial. Ainsi, ces travaux de recherche posent la question du lien théorique et empirique entre action publique locale et ancrage territorial des filiales étrangères / The question of attractiveness of subnational territories is particularly raised due to the fact that some French territories are facing the phenomenon of deindustrialization accompanied with movements of relocation in a context of worldwide competition. This thesis will focus on the territorial attractiveness intended as the capacity to retain foreign economic activities so that favoring local development. Thus, the research works raise the question of the theoretical and empirical link between local public action and the territorial anchoring of foreign subsidiaries. The idea is to understand what this anchoring consists of in terms of local public action, and the way it affects it

O planejamento das ações do Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte é uma prática desenvolvida desde os anos de 1960. A primeira instituição no território norte-rio-grandense com status de planejamento foi o Conselho Estadual de Desenvolvimento CED, criado através da Lei n. 2.796 de 01 de maio de 1962. Desde então, essa prática vem sendo ressignificada. O estudo analisou a trajetória do planejamento praticado no Rio Grande do Norte e sua relevância para o processo de modernização territorial. Esta tese compreende o planejamento do território como um instrumento de ação política, fomentador de práticas sociais e criador de dinâmicas territoriais. Trata-se de uma possibilidade de antecipar o futuro de forma racional, mesmo que as dinâmicas territoriais produzam contradições. O objetivo de uma ação planejada é promover um uso mais justo do território. Isso implica, segundo Bret (2009) o conhecimento da sociedade e dos territórios onde habitam os diferentes sujeitos, a fim de tornar possível aos homens e mulheres uma vida mais justa. Neste sentido, Béhar (2000) afirma que o território deve ser a finalidade e o método da ação pública. Com base nessas premissas, buscou-se compreender a trajetória do planejamento norte-rio-grandense a partir da realização de uma periodização de eventos, por meio da qual se observou a existência de cinco períodos distintos, compreendidos numa extensão temporal que vai de 1904 a 2010. O primeiro período vai de 1904 a 1960 e o segundo de 1961 até 1970. No que concerne ao terceiro período, vai de 1971 a 1981. O quarto período, por sua vez vai de 1982 a 1987. E finalmente, o quinto período considerado, vai de 1988 a 2010. O exercício da periodização baseada nos estudos de Santos ([1979] 2008) e Souza (1998) permitiu observar e compreender a ação do tempo no espaço geográfico. A periodização permitiu remarcar a materialização dos eventos históricos e não apenas a sua narração, pois os eventos criam objetos e ações. Desse modo, em cada período vê-se a emergência de novas configurações territoriais. A metodologia também contou com a análise de documentos formulados pelo governo estadual. Foram coletados e analisados 20 documentos dentre os quais se têm: 3 estudos, 1 diagnóstico, 1 discurso de posse e 13 planos de governo. Dos 13 planos levantados, 9 são a base da atual política de planejamento estadual. Além disso, foram realizadas 10 entrevistas com políticos e técnicos; levantamento de dados secundários no sítio do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística IBGE. A hipótese contida nesta tese é de que, há no Rio Grande do Norte, um planejamento corporativo para uso seletivo do território. Este planejamento ao mesmo tempo em que cria processos de modernização, expande o meio técnico-científico-informacional e acirra as desigualdades territoriais existentes. / The planning of Rio Grande do Norte states Government has developed since 1960. The first institution in Rio Grande do Norte territory (with planning status) was the State Council Development (Conselho Estadual de Desenvolvimento) CED, created by Law n. 2796 of May 01, 1962. Since then, this practice has been resignified. The study analyzed the trajectory planning practiced in Rio Grande do Norte and its relevance to the territorial modernization process. This thesis comprises the planning of the territory as an instrument of political action, developing of social practices and creation of territorial dynamics. This is a chance to rationally anticipate the future, even if the territorial dynamics produces contradictions. The purpose of a planned action is to promote a more fair use of the territory. This implies, according to Bret (2009), the knowledge of the company and territories inhabited by different subjects in order to make it possible for men and women to have a fairer life. In this sense, Béhar (2000) states that the territory should be the purpose of public action. Based on these assumptions, we sought to understand the trajectory of Rio Grande do Nortes planning by carrying out a timeline of events, whereby it was observed that there are five distinct periods, including a temporal extension which runs from 1904 to 2010. The first runs from 1904 to 1960 and the second from 1961 to 1970. As regards the third period, this goes from 1971 to 1981. the fourth period extends from 1982 to 1987, and finally the fifth period we considered spans 1988 to 2010. the exercise of periodization based on the work of Santos ([1979] 2008) and Souza (1998) allowed us to observe and understand the action of time in geographic space. The periodization allowed the remarking of materialization in history, and not only because its narration, for events create objects and actions. Thus, in each period is seen the emergence of new territorial configurations. The methodology also included the analysis of documents formulated by the state government. Twenty documents were collected and analyzed , among which, there are: 3 studies, 1 diagnosis, 1 inaugural address and 13 government plans. Of the 13 plans surveyed, 9 are the basis of the current state planning policy. In addition, there were 10 interviews with politicians and technicians; collection of secondary data on the site of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE. The hypothesis contained in this thesis is that in Rio Grande do Norte there is a corporate planning for selective use of the territory. This planning while creating modernization, expands the technical-scientific-informational environment and intensifies existing regional disparities.

Este trabalho analisa os fluxos de comércio e o sistema portuário internacional, com abordagem centrada no cenário nacional e foco no Porto de Santos. A estrutura portuária da Baixada Santista é estudada em três períodos sucessivos, Porto do Café, Porto Industrial e Porto Flexível. O primeiro iniciado pela operação do acesso ferroviário em 1865, o segundo pela implantação do polo industrial na região em 1945 e o terceiro pela promulgação de novo marco legal portuário em 1993, representando a contemporaneidade com a movimentação crescente de contêineres. Tomando como base o exame do sistema portuário internacional e nacional, são elaborados critérios de avaliação de logística, território e gestão. Tais critérios formulados, especialmente, para portos movimentadores de mercadorias diversificadas, no caso brasileiro, portos públicos. Com isso, é possível realizar um estudo integrado da relação porto - cidade, destacando pontos sinérgicos e de conflito entre as demandas da atividade econômica e o território de suporte. A análise do Porto de Santos e dos principais portos brasileiros, baseado nestes critérios, mantém a hipótese da primazia nacional do Porto de Santos no período contemporâneo. / This work analyze the commercial and international port system flows, applied on the national scene and focused on the Porto of Santos. The Port structure of Baixada Santista is studied on three successive periods, Port of Coffee, Industrial Port and Flexible Port. The first one started through the operation of the railway access in 1865, the second one through the industrial hub implementation in the region in 1945 and the third one through the promulgation of the new port legal benchmark in 1993, representing the contemporaneity with the increasing movement of containers. Based on the exam of international and national port system, logistics, territorial and management evaluation criteria are elaborated. Such criteria are formulated specially for port moves of varied gods, referring to the Brazilian case public ports. The analysis of the Port of Santos and the main Brazilian ports, based on these criteria, keeps the hypothesis of the national primacy of the Porto of Santos in the contemporary time.