As organisations and managers start to realise the strategic value of knowledge within their organisation, several attempts have been made to implement Knowledge Management (KM) within these organisations. The standard approach, which leads to the failure of KM initiatives, is to view KM as a type of technological implementation while failing to realise that the organisation needs to facilitate a KM-friendly environment. Organisations that have successfully implemented KM within their boundaries, structure and scope have developed unique and organisation-specific KM implementations, making it difficult for the success factors associated with these implementations to be transferred to other organisations. As a result, researchers and authors have attempted to develop an ontological or taxonomical mechanism that would assist in the sharing of knowledge within and across organisational boundaries. Due to the organisational specialisation of these mechanisms, these attempts have for the most part been unsuccessful. This study presents foundational work that can be used within an organisation to develop KM initiatives. By focusing on the language used by KM researchers and KM practitioners working with and practising KM within organisations, the author identified multiple terms and concepts that represent the fundamental building blocks of KM. If these building blocks are applied appropriately between different organisations, they can assist in the development of a KM initiative. The identified fundamental building blocks offer a starting point for the development of a KM initiative. As the study focuses on organisational KM needs, these building blocks may be used to implement a KM initiative that would satisfy an organisation‘s KM needs. The goal of this study is therefore to identify the fundamental building blocks of KM that, when applied constructively, would assist the KM practitioner in satisfying an organisation‘s KM needs. In order to achieve this goal, the research focused on the following objectives (as reflected in the research question, subquestions and chapter division):  To identify why there is a need for KM within organisations, and how it has been addressed in research, KM initiatives and organisations.  To clearly delineate the concepts of Knowledge, Management and KM that can be applied in relationship with the process of organisational management.  To identify organisational KM needs as linked to a generic organisation that is associated with a system interacting with its environment (gaining or losing knowledge due to the system‘s nature).  To identify KM‘s fundamental building blocks associated with the language used by KM researchers and practitioners.  To represent the identified fundamental KM building blocks that can be applied to a generic organisation to satisfy organisational KM needs. As a result of the discussion, review and study conducted for this thesis, the author found specific dimensions pertaining to the fundamental building blocks of KM that satisfy organisational needs.  It was established that there is a clear need for organisational KM in an effort to retain and manage knowledge resources to the benefit of the organisation. This highlighted the need for organisational KM, outlining possible solutions plus concerns found in previous research. It was found that although there is a need for organisational KM, this need has been poorly addressed thus far. Based on the discussion and findings in this thesis, it was found that there is a clear distinction between the concepts of Knowledge, Management and KM and it was found that KM provides support for the day-to-day management processes to which it is aligned. This highlighted the nature of Knowledge, Management and KM by redefining the construct of KM based on core considerations related to the concepts of Knowledge and Management and the critical interaction between the two.  It was found that due to the systemic nature of an organisation, knowledge dissipates into the organisational environment. KM is essential to minimise this effect. Furthermore, organisational KM needs can be satisfied by applying the fundamental building blocks of KM during the implementation of an organisational KM initiative.  After analysing the lexicon used by KM practitioners, the building blocks of KM were clearly highlighted by comparing patterns presented within the results analysed for this study.  The final objective highlights and represents the fundamental building blocks of KM that satisfy organisational KM needs as clearly identified from the language used by KM practitioners. By extending this study to the language used by KM practitioners as formulated within communities of practice in describing KM, the results of this study link directly to not only what KM theoretically appears to be, but also to how KM is viewed by people who work within the KM and knowledge environment on a day-to-day basis. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Informatics / unrestricted

Paywalls have quickly become a large part of the media industry and are constantly evolving. Most news media today use a form of paywall to be able to earn revenue off their content. In this study we have made a qualitative text analysis where we compared themes between COVID-19 articles behind paywalls and articles which are free to read on Aftonbladet and Expressen. By using theories concerning news value, news selection and media logic, we were able to examine what kind of themes we could find in the articles placed behind paywalls and compare that to the articles that is free to read.   The results showed that there were more differences than similarities between the content that is placed behind paywalls and the content that is free to read on Aftonbladet and Expressen. When the articles were free to read, they frequently had content that focused on the simplification of information from the authorities, calming articles where experts are not worried and articles about the individuals and their role in a crisis. For the articles that were placed behind paywalls, clickbait captions were more frequently used, probably because of a financial aspect. Most of the articles that were placed behind paywalls had a negative tone where words such as death, panic and worry were involved. According to this result, we came to the conclusion that the articles in the analyzed online newspapers have two different media logics: one for the news that is placed behind paywalls and one for the news that is free to read.

Building on the assumption that the image of China within the Swedish state is pluralist, the aim of this study is to explore this plurality through the lens of Pan Chengxin’s paradigms “China threat” and “China opportunity”. A second aim is to contribute to the theory by applying it in a different context compared to where it originated. This is explored through the method of frame analysis and interpretive text analysis. The study shows that the image is indeed pluralist and differs between entities. Frames that are commonly used by one entity are non-existent in texts by another. There are also differences in emphasis within frames and within entities. Understanding how China is framed and imagined in different parts of the Swedish state can be useful in itself as it helps us understand that the relationship between Sweden and China is complex and dynamic. Furthermore, the study shows that while Pan’s paradigms can be a useful outset point, one cannot understand the Swedish image of China without also looking beyond them. The Swedish China image holds nuances unaccounted for by the theory, particularly in the perception of China as heterogenous to a higher extent than anticipated.

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Crises can affect organizations as well as individuals and in today's digitized society news about such events is easily shared. Therefore crisis management becomes important. This study aims to examine how the Swedish entrepreneur Paolo Roberto acted after being arrested for buying sex. To do this eight of Robertos statements will be analyzed. The theoretical framework is based on public apologies, Benoit's image repair theory, and Goffman's theory of impression management. The method used for the study is a combined qualitative text analysis and critical rhetorical analysis. The results show that Roberto apologized only in one of his statements. It also becomes clear that he used five of the 14 image repair strategies, of which the most frequently used are mortification and provocation. He admits to the incident but does not express that he committed a crime, but that he committed a mistake. The results also imply that Roberto presents himself as a victim in the situation by focusing on his own feelings in his statements and not on prostitution or the victim.

This thesis aims to explore the new concept of green populism and to explore if Extinction Rebellion can be seen as a new social movement. The concept of green populism is based on Cas Mudde’s ideational approach to populism and Dobson’s approach to green ideology. The theories will form a categorization of green populism to see if any of these elements are visible in Extinction Rebellion’s discourse. The combination of the two theories helps to define the elements or categories of green populism: Ecological Crisis of Cosmic Proportion, Victimizing “the People”, Identifying and/or blame the antagonist, Green Action, Scientific Evidencing, and Intergenerational Justice. The theories on new social movements is based on theories from scholars such as Alberto Melucci, Alain Touraine and Manuel Castells to help us understand what characterizes a new social movement. The four following characteristics of new social movements was highlighted: They focus on non-material issues, they tend to emphasize different protest tactics, they often have a horizontal organization, and they often use symbolic action. To answer the research questions in this thesis, a qualitative text analysis will be conducted. A qualitative text analysis focuses on certain selected aspects of the material which are determined by the aim and research questions. The qualitative text analysis is applied to the captions of eight selected Instagram-posts from Extinction Rebellion’s official account. The analysis leads to the conclusion that Extinction Rebellion can be seen as a new social movement, with a few exceptions regarding their focus on non-material issues. Another conclusion is that we were able to find elements of green populism in Extinction Rebellion’s discourse. The final conclusion is that green populism should be seen as a theoretical and analytical tool for analyzing communication rather than a label of environmental actors.

The media plays a major role in today's society. What we do not experience ourselves, we can be told through the media. Seen from this, the purpose of this study is to investigate how immigrants are described in news articles in Swedish morning and evening newspapers during the period 2016-2021, with focus on the negative aspects. We will focus on answering which specific characteristics the term immigrant is associated with and in which perspectives it is written about immigrants. The study is based on a qualitative text analysis and the empirical material we have collected thus consists of 24 news articles.The articles were analyzed using post colonial theory, the dichotomy We and the Others and stereotypes.The results show that Swedish morning and evening newspapers describe immigrants in more negative than positive terms. There is also a continuous description of characteristics in the form of stereotypes. Newspapers portray, so to speak, an image of immigrants as different, deviant and foreign. At the same time, the results show that there is a marked difference between immigrants and Swedes as immigrants stand in sharp contrast to the so-called "Swedishness". The conclusions we can draw from the results is that the media differentiate between immigrants and ethnic Swedes with the help of different characteristics and perspectives to describe immigrants.

This thesis compares Homer’s Odyssey and Iliad with the Norse Sagas, the Young and Elder Edda. More specifically, it analyses, whether the Odyssey and Iliad should indeed derive from the Norse Sagas, which is a claim brought forth by Felice Vinci. Throughout the thesis, passages, sentences and words from both the Greek and Norse texts have been singled out through the process of text analysis tools from Python and Orange3. Similar passages or words from both texts were filtered out by building a program that would print sentences with given key words. These were then analysed and studied, in order to compare the texts to each other and for the most part, to see if the Greek texts should indeed have derived from the Nordic texts. Finally, no proof has been found that the Norse Sagas should have predated the Greek Myths. However, this was a very interesting theory, that I am glad to have examined.

This research will focus on the minority position of the Kurdish population in Turkey and how it has developed over time. The aim is to study particular historical and recent events that have affected the Kurdish population to understand why the Kurdish people are one of the world’s largest minority populations without an independent state. This research utilizes a qualitative case study employing text analysis of scholars and treaties such as the Lausanne and Sevres Treaty. The theory that will be used during this research will be neorealism with the main philosophy being that state emphasizes an interest in power to secure security in an anarchic world. The state is the most important actor in any position regardless of the event occurring around it which also is the reasons behind the Kurdish minority position and why they have not reached independence.

Bakgrund: Skolans värdegrund bygger på tanken om alla människors lika värde och skolan ska arbeta för att motverka maktstrukturer som exempelvis könsmönster och rasism. Under sin grundskoleutbildning får elever ta del av en stor mängd skönlitteratur, vilket delvis sker genom läroböcker. I skönlitterära texter förekommer det olika karaktärsbeskrivningar, miljöer och värden som kan bidra till att olika maktstrukturer skapas och förmedlas genom språket både implicit och explicit. Dessa maktstrukturer skapas inte enbart genom att olika identiteiskategorier som kön, klass, och etnicitet verkar enskilt, utan även genom att de samverkar med varandra. Då den statliga granskningen av läromedel upphörde på tidigt 1990-tal i samband med att skolan blev kommunal medförde detta att det inte längre finns någon garanti för att de läromedel som används är i enighet med skolans värdegrund. Detta gör att det blir av betydelse att granska läromedel. Tidigare forskning inom ämnet visar övergripande att skönlitterära texter i läromedel förmedlar normreproducerande konstruktioner av det manliga och kvinnliga könet samt att det manliga västerländska konstrueras som normen. Forskningen visar även övergripande att konstruktioner av klass, kön, och etnicitet samverkar och bidrar till att skapa maktstrukturer där det icke-västerländska positioneras i underläge mot det västerländska samt det kvinnliga positioneras i underläge mot det manliga. Syfte: Uppsatsens huvudsyfte är att problematisera hur olika konstruktioner av kön, klass och etnicitet skapas och samverkar genom karaktärsbeskrivningar i läromedlet Zick Zack Läsrummet åk 4–6. Uppsatsens kompletterande syfte är att problematisera om och isåfall hur olika maktstrukturer konstrueras genom karaktärsbeskrivningarna. Metod: För att uppfylla syftet med studien och besvara frågeställningarna har en kvalitativ textanalys som är inspirerad av ett fåtal diskursanalytiska utgångspunkter tillämpats på skönlitterära texter från läromedlet Zick Zack Läsrummet åk 4–6. Resultat: Resultatet av vår undersökning visar att karaktärerna i läroböckerna till största del är normreproducerande. Undersökningen visar att kön, klass och etnicitet skapas och samverkar genom i huvudsak normreproducerande konstruktioner och därmed befäster maktstrukturer. Vår övergripande analys visar att maktstrukturerna "manligt överordnat kvinnligt", och "västerländskt överordnat icke-västerländskt" skapas genom karaktärsbeskrivningarna i de skönlitterära texterna.