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381	Odpad v kruhu: výpovědní potenciál artefaktů z rondelu v Praze-Ruzyni / A Garbage in a Circle: Potential of the Artefacts from the Rondel in Prague-Ruzyně Blažková, Tereza January 2013 (has links) This thesis is focused on research of the rondel (circular ditch) located in the Prague- -Ruzyně area, dated to Late Neolithic Era with the Stroked Pottery culture. Quantitative, qualitative and spatial analysis of rondel's object fillings were carried out and the results and interpretation are presented in this thesis. Particularly thanks to Stroke-ornamented pottery analysis, it was possible to determine the relative chronology of the ditches filling. The interpretation of the material analysis and material spatial distribution tried to describe the trends associated with the formative processes and the development of origin of the ditches fillings. This work brings the results of processing of archeological findings and field documentation of a fully explored rondel, situated in the settlement of the Stroked Pottery culture. This work contributes to the understanding of Late Neolithic settlement structure and the rondels in general. Catalogue of findings is included. KEY WORDS: Late Neolithic - Stroked Pottery culture - Circular ditch - spatial analysis - formation processes - pottery - lithics - daub - animal skeletal remains
382	Glockenbecherzeitliche Gräber in Nordwestsachsen: Vom Becher(-n) zur Tasse Conrad, Matthias 29 May 2019 (has links) Folgender Artikel stellt die nach der politischen Wende in Sachsen gefundenen und bisher nur aus Vorberichten bekannten Glockenbechergräber vor. Die archäologisch-kulturelle Zuordnung der Gräber steht im Vordergrund, da einige Gräber keine oder kulturunspezifische Beigaben enthielten. Durch die Analyse eines internen und externen Grabkontextes kann der Großteil der Gräber der archäologischen Kultur mit Glockenbecher zugeordnet und die mit den Gräbern in Beziehung stehenden Befunde interpretiert werden. Weiterhin wird die Beziehungen zwischen den archäologischen Kulturen Glockenbecher und Aunjetitz thematisiert und auf besondere Aspekte der Glockenbecherbestattungssitte in Nordwestsachsen eingegangen. / This article presents the Bell Beaker graves found in Northwest Saxony after 1989. Because some of the burials contained none or only culturally non-specific grave goods, the overall analysis focused on the cultural classification of the graves. Investigation of the internal and external grave context allowed to classify the majority as graves of the Bell Beaker Culture and subsequently to interpret the features related to the graves. Furthermore the relationship between the Bell Beaker and Únetice Culture is discussed and special regional aspects of Bell Beaker burial customs are described in detail. info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/930 ddc:930
383	Postižitelné proudy dějin a civilizací / The Currents of History and Civilizations Léwová, Dana January 2015 (has links) This thesis outlines some basic approaches in the field of comparative civilizational analysis in the works of Jóhann P. Árnason and Jaroslav Krejčí in the confrontation with Jan Patočka's philosophy of history. Those theoretical bases are put into a wider historical context and historical relations in casuistic studies, narrowed to the civilizational area of the Middle East, especially Mesopotamia and Syria-Palestine and also the Aegean-Greek area. This work emphasizes the inevitable interconnection of generally conceived civilizational analysis, or historical sociology, with specific historiography. Individual detaching of theoretical concepts is understood as a relic of blind reductionism and determinism which is strongly rejected by philosophy of history which tries to focus on the phenomenon of historicity instead of historical chronologies. Nevertheless, without the support of empirical reality even philosophy of history would become a mere philosophical rumination. The connected interdisciplinary approach is the only way how to figure out the historical / civilizational sense, "between the past and the future" and to create continual cultural memory from the awareness of relations to the relation of awareness.
384	Defining the Unidentified : An osteological re-analysis of an unmarked Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age grave / Att definiera det oidentifierade : En osteologisk återanalys av en flatmarksgrav från senneolitikum/äldre bronsålder Sjöberg, Vir January 2023 (has links) This thesis presents a micro-archaeological analysis of the osteological material from theunmarked communal grave L1977:6727, in Sigsarve, Gotland. The grave was found during the ploughing of a field and excavated in 1911. Documentation of the grave was poor; hencethe aim of this thesis was to investigate who the individuals in this grave were through their skeletal remains. The number of individuals, their age, and sex was determined, andpathological or activity-related changes were examined. A discussion on who these individuals were, whether their health could imply anything about their life, and how the grave might have been used, was based on these osteological results. The grave was likely a family grave used by a farming group. The elements displayed a fair amount of physical strain, particularly in a few individuals. The osteological material from the same grave waspreviously examined in 1912 by Carl M. Fürst. To examine the relevance of re-analysing osteological material analysed during the earlier 20th century a comparative analysis of Fürst’s and the new results was made. Although there were similarities, the older analysis provided very limited information in comparison to this analysis. / Denna avhandling är en mikroarkeologisk analys av det osteologiska materialet från flatmarksgraven L1977:6727, i Sigsarve, Gotland. Graven plogades upp och grävdes ut 1911. Då dokumentation om graven var minimal blev uppsatsens syfte att undersöka vilka individerna i graven kan ha varit genom det osteologiska materialet. Antalet individer, deras ålder och kön bedömdes, och eventuella patologiska eller aktivitetsrelaterade förändringar undersöktes. Utifrån resultaten diskuterades individernas liv, hälsa samt gravens bruk. Det kunde konstateras att graven troligen var en familjegrav som brukats av bönder snarare än jägare/samlare. Benen påvisade fysisk påfrestning, i synnerhet hos ett fåtal individer. Det osteologiska materialet undersöktes tidigare år 1912 av Carl M. Fürst. För att utreda relevansen av att åter-analysera osteologiskt material som analyserats under det tidigare 1900-talet gjordes en jämförande analys av Fürsts och de nya resultaten. Medan det fanns likheter i resultaten gav den äldre analysen mycket begränsad information i jämförelse med denna analys. / Gotland in the 3rd ML BCE Late Neolithic Early Bronze Age Gotland re-analysis paleopathology microarchaeology unmarked grave communal burial Senneolitikum äldre bronsålder Gotland återanalys paleopatologi mikroarkeologi flatmarksgrav gemensam grav History and Archaeology Historia och arkeologi Archaeology Arkeologi
385	Utsikt mot havet : Mot en förändrad förståelse av mellanneolitikums kultur- och samhällsliv i östra Mellansverige Samuelsson, Erik January 2023 (has links) Abstract Erik Samuelsson: A View Towards the Sea – Towards a Changed Understanding of the Culture and Social Life of the Middle Neolithic in Eastern Central Sweden. The objective of this essay is to undertake an investigation and critical review of the Neolithic cultural groups as defined by contemporary archaeologists. This will be achieved through the analysis of empirical material derived from the Neolithic site of Tibble, located in the Björklinge parish of Uppland, Sweden. The primary aim is to develop a more comprehensive understanding and interpretation of not only the specific site but also the cultural and social aspects of the Neolithic period as a whole. Key questions addressed in this study include the impact of material studies on the overall interpretation of Neolithic culture and social life, as well as the potential for attaining a more holistic understanding of a time and place through an analytical approach that oscillates between detailed analysis and broader contextual perspectives. The primary sources utilized in this research consist of material artifacts, reports, and relevant literature pertaining to the Middle Neolithic settlement at Tibble, Björklinge parish, Uppland, Sweden. The theoretical framework employed in this study, as well as the chosen methodology, is rooted in the hermeneutic spiral. Previous investigations into the Stone Age have been largely characterized by the classification of cultural groups, with limited consideration given to the criticism of the concept of culture itself. Consequently, substantial changes in the interpretation of the Neolithic period and its inhabitants have not been extensively pursued. In this essay, the integration of hermeneutics and interdisciplinary approaches is demonstrated as a valuable means to foster a transformative understanding of both specific sites and broader chronological periods. By doing so, it becomes possible to harness the knowledge embedded in material studies.It is important to note that this essay does not aspire to provide an ultimate solution to the perceived problem but rather represents an initial step towards a new direction of inquiry. This process is not necessarily confined to a singular location or region but can be applied to the interpretative work concerning other Neolithic sites as well. Stone Age Middle Neolithic Pitted Ware culture Battle Axe culture Funnel Beaker culture landscape places material culture hermeneutics hermeneutic spiral Stenålder mellanneolitikum Gropkeramisk kultur stridsyxekultur trattbägarkultur landskap platser materiell kultur hermeneutik hermeneutisk spiral Archaeology Arkeologi
386	A Place of Passage : Disturbed burials and dispersed human bone remains from the Mid-Neolithic burial ground at Ajvide on Gotland / Övergångsplats : (För)störda begravningar och spridda mänskliga skelettrester från det mellanneolitiska gravfältet i Ajvide på Gotland Sointula, Anna January 2023 (has links) The Mid-Neolithic site of Ajvide on the Baltic Island of Gotland comprises the burials of 89 individuals within 85 separate burial contexts (Österholm 2008). Some of these individuals were detected with absent skeletal elements, such as the cranium, which have been believed to be represented by the considerable number of dispersed human bone fragments discovered from the site (Burenhult 2002: 33, see also Lundén 2012). These occurrences were initially proposed to be caused by agricultural ploughing, which however has not been done on the fields of Ajvide with the modern machinery of the late 20th century (Burenhult 2002: 31). It was hence the intention of this study to investigate the alternative motives behind these phenomena, by reviewing the statistics between these skeletal materials. The correspondence was additionally analysed with some other selected variables on the available data from these burial contexts. Based on the attained results, it was concluded that the human skeletal remains from the disturbed burials were likely intentionally retrieved to be used in the different ritual activities of the PWC populations on Gotland. / Den mellanneolitiska Ajvidelokalen på Gotland omfattar 85 begravningar av totalt 89 individer (Österholm 2008, Burenhult 2002). Vissa av individerna påträffades utan specifika skelettelement, såsom kraniet. Dessa individer har använts som representanter för tolkningen av den markanta kvantiteten av spridda mänskliga benfragment, som hittats via arkeologiska utgrävningar på lokalen (Burenhult 2002: 33, se även Lundén 2012 och Wallin 2015). Till en början ansågs jordbruksplogningen vara ansvarig för detta fenomen, dock har inga plöjningar utförts med moderna maskiner, eller sedan 1900-talet (Burenhult 2002: 31). Därmed, var syftet med studie att undersöka alternativa tolkningar bakom dessa fenomen. Studien är på analyser av de två olika grupperna med skelettmaterial, som inkluderats i en statistisk modell. Dessutom utfördes en korrespondensanalys mellan andra särskilt utvalda variabler från varje gravkontext. Studien har konkluderat, att de mänskliga skelettresterna från de förstörda begravningarna, hämtades sannolikt avsiktligen för olika rituella aktiviteter som praktiserades av den mellanneolitiska befolkningen på Gotland. Secondary treatment human bone remains absent craniums dispersed bone fragments ‘skull cult’ burial rituals CA Middle Neolithic period PWC Gotland. Sekundär behandling mänskliga skelettrester saknade kranier spridda benfragment ‘skallkult’ begravningsritual KA Mellanneolitikum GRK Gotland. Archaeology Arkeologi
387	Isotope Analysis on the Great Hungarian Plain: An Exploration of Mobility and Subsistence Strategies from the Neolithic to the Copper Age Giblin, Julia Irene 27 July 2011 (has links) No description available. Agriculture Ancient Civilizations Ancient History Animals Archaeology Biogeochemistry Human Remains Physical Anthropology European Prehistory Hungary Great Hungarian Plain Neolithic Copper Age Farming Animal Husbandry Agropastoralism Secondary Products of Domestication Mobility Archaeological Chemistry Biogeochemistry Isotopes Strontium Carbon Nitrogen
388	Illuminating the Late Mesolithic: residue analysis of 'blubber' lamps from Northern Europe Heron, Carl P., Andersen, S.H., Fischer, Anders, Glykou, A., Hartz, S., Saul, H., Steele, Valerie J., Craig, O.E. January 2013 (has links) No / Shallow oval bowls used on the Baltic coast in the Mesolithic have been suggested as oil lamps, burning animal fat. Here researchers confirm the use of four coastal examples as lamps burning blubber-the fat of marine animals, while an inland example burned fat from terrestrial mammals or freshwater aquatics-perhaps eels. The authors use a combination of lipid biomarker and bulk and single-compound carbon isotope analysis to indicate the origin of the residues in these vessels. Baltic Mesolithic-neolithic Ertebolle Pottery Blubber lamps Lipid analysis Marine oils Archaeological pottery vessels Marine animal products Fatty-acids Chromatographic analysis Organic residues South-Africa Oil lamps Commodities Traces Fish
389	O Homem espiritual: um estudo do sagrado - a metafísica do desejo e a formação do humano Righi, Maurício Gonçalves 06 February 2015 (has links) Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mauricio Goncalves Righi.pdf: 3781929 bytes, checksum: 451afe27e9d05afa5fa3a38104b62e48 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The great expansion of knowledge in Archaeology of Pre-History has challenged, in the past decades, well established theories about cultural formation. Recent archaeological discoveries are demanding new theoretical approaches for a better understanding of the archaic. Therefore, this work, in religious studies and in philosophy of history, integrates an overarching discussion on cultural and religious formation in archaic contexts. In the light of recent discoveries, the so-called religious symbolisms have been placed in a prominent position. It has now become impossible to ignore the central role of the religious symbolisms in the making of the archaic institutions. A deep understanding of the religious mindset which generated the most significant mechanisms and structures of the pre-historic past is key to enlighten the generative processes of culture and hominization. The theory of mimetic desire meets the new archaeological data in order to suggest more accurate formulations on the institutional developments which went through the pre-historical times, creating the structures and practices responsible for the emergence of urban life in highly developed civilizational environments. These processes highlight the sacred as a fundamental historical and anthropological matrix. Therefore, the movements and transformations of the sacred in the interior of the archaic institutions was a key factor for the creation of life modalities and institutions increasingly complex / O avanço da arqueologia e dos conhecimentos em pré-história nas últimas décadas colocou em xeque teorias e formulações que se propunham a elucidar a chamadas estruturas formadoras. Recentes descobertas arqueológicas passaram a exigir novos investimentos teóricos na formulação de modelos explicativos. Portanto, este é um estudo em ciência da religião e em filosofia da história inserido no debate sobre formação cultural e religiosa em contextos arcaicos. No quadro das mais recentes investigações, as denominadas simbologias religiosas assumem uma posição de destaque. Não há mais como ignorar o papel central dos simbolismos e das dinâmicas religiosas na formação das instituições arcaicas. Um profundo entendimento sobre o psiquismo religioso que gerou, no seio de suas dinâmicas, os mecanismos e as estruturas mais significativos dos universos arcaicos é fundamental para uma precisa caracterização dos processos formadores da cultura e do próprio processo de hominização. A teoria do desejo mimético vem ao encontro dos novos dados para formulações mais adequadas sobre os processos de desenvolvimento institucional que atravessaram a pré-história e criaram as estruturas responsáveis pelo aparecimento da vida urbana em contextos civilizacionais. Esses processos apontam para o sagrado como matriz histórica e antropológica. A atuação do sagrado no seio das instituições arcaicas foi, portanto, largamente responsável pela geração de modos de vida crescentemente complexos Sagrado Civilização Formação cultural Religião arcaica Crescente fértil Revolução neolítica Revolução urbana Metafísica do desejo Desejo mimético Hominização Violência Sacrifício Homo Sapiens Sacred Civilization Cultural formation Archaic religion Fertile crescent Neolithic revolution Urban revolution Metaphysic desire Mimetic desire Hominization Violence Sacrifice
390	En gropkeramisk rundtur på Gotland : GIS-analyser av gropkeramiska lokaler på Gotland och osteologiska bedömningar av resursutnyttjande / A Pitted Ware round-trip on Gotland : GIS-analyses of Pitted Ware Culture sites on Gotland and osteological assessments of resource utilisation Eriksson, Albin January 2019 (has links) The aim of this master thesis is to expand on the understanding of the resource utilisation on the 19 Gotlandic Pitted Ware Culture sites: Ajvide, Alvena, Fridtorp, Grausne, Gullrum,Gumbalde, Hau, Hemmor, Hoburgen, Ire, Kinner/Tjauls, Rangvide, Barshalder, Stenstugu,Stora Förvar, Sudergårds II, Visby, Västerbjers and Västerbys. The study utilises theoretical frameworks such as Site Catchment Analysis, Site Territorial Analysis and Optimal ForagingTheory and is based on two main questions: Which animals did the diet on each site consist of? And are there any apparent connections between diet and topography/environment? To answer these questions, osteological records have been studied to get an idea of the animal food resources utilised on each site. ArcGIS has also been used to create height- and soil maps with contemporary shorelines which show how the sites were located in the middle Neolithic Gotlandic landscape. The study has shown that most sites appear to have included a variety of animals like pig/boar, cattle, sheep/goat, fish, seal, porpoise and birds in their diet. The sites with the lowest number of confirmed animals also tend to have undergone the least archaeological investigation, suggesting that further excavations on these sites might unearth more animal species. Additional discoveries show a small albeit noticeable emphasis on marine animal resources, especially porpoise, on southern sites. Sites located in areas mostly consisting of sandy, meager soils also show an increased marine resource utilisation. This might suggest that the area around these sites were somewhat barren and lacking in terrestrial prey animals. pitted ware culture neolithic site catchment analysis site territorial analysis optimal foraging theory diet resource food settlement stone age seal shoreline landscape gropkeramisk kultur gotland mellanneolitikum diet resursutnyttjande näringsfång boplats stenålder säl strandlinjer landskap Ajvide Alvena Barshalder Fridtorp Grausne Gullrum Gumbalde Hau Hemmor Hoburgen Ire Kattlunds Kinner Tjauls Rangvide Rojrhage Stenstugu Stora Karlsö Stora Förvar Sudergårds Visby Västerbjers Västerbys Archaeology Arkeologi

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