Jigsaw es una técnica de aprendizaje cooperativo que se basa en la contribución de los estudiantes para alcanzar un objetivo común. Esta técnica también conocida como Técnica de Rompecabezas propone la división de tareas o temas parciales de una materia. De esta forma, cada miembro del grupo tendrá que ejecutar una de estas tareas parciales, las cuales finalmente deberán ser integradas por todos los miembros en conjunto. La Técnica Jigsaw, fue desarrollada originalmente para la enseñanza dentro de un salón de clases sin la participación de sistemas automatizados. Esta solución, a pesar de las ventajas que brinda, puede presentar algunas desventajas debido a la logística que requiere para implementarse. Es por esos motivos que se propuso el desarrollo de un Sistema Web que implemente la Técnica Jigsaw, el cual permitirá aprovechar conjuntamente las ventajas que brinda la comunicación vía Internet, así como las contribuciones propias de la técnica de aprendizaje cooperativo en mención. El Sistema Web Jigsaw dará soporte a las tres fases que comprende una sesión de clase que emplea esta técnica, las cuales se dividen en los módulos de: Planificación, Ejecución y Evaluación. Estos módulos se encuentran estrictamente relacionados ya que siguen los procesos de diseño, desarrollo y evaluación de una Sesión de Clase Jigsaw respectivamente. El módulo de Planificación tiene la principal responsabilidad de permitir el diseño de cada sesión de clase. Aquí se plantean los datos de la sesión que constituirán posteriormente la base de los objetivos y resultados esperados que permitirán medir el progreso académico de los alumnos en una etapa posterior. El módulo de Ejecución se encarga de llevar a cabo la ejecución de una sesión de clase basada en la técnica del Rompecabezas. Permite el desarrollo paso a paso de la técnica desde la lectura de materiales, documentos y casos hasta la diagramación de la solución en los diferentes Grupos Jigsaw y Expertos. Además cuenta con herramientas de comunicación en línea, los cuales permitirán la interacción para la coordinación y elaboración de Casos de Uso. Además se contará con Foros de Discusión para el desarrollo y esclarecimiento de algunas dudas sobre estos temas propuestos. Finalmente el módulo de Evaluación permite la elaboración de preguntas y evaluaciones por parte del tutor y docente. Así mismo brinda la posibilidad de calificación manual y automática de las evaluaciones rendidas. La presente tesis se desarrolló utilizando UML como lenguaje de modelamiento, RUP para los procesos a realizar durante el trabajo y el lenguaje de programación Java para el desarrollo del Sistema Web. / Tesis

" With the increase in traffic on the web, popular web sites get a large number of requests. Servers at these sites are sometimes unable to handle the large number of requests and clients to such sites experience long delays. One approach to overcome this problem is the distribution or replication of content over multiple servers. This approach allows for client requests to be distributed to multiple servers. Several techniques have been suggested to direct client requests to multiple servers. We discuss these techniques. With this work we hope to study the extent and method of content replication and distribution at web sites. To understand the distribution and replication of content we ran client programs to retrieve headers and bodies of web pages and observed the changes in them over multiple requests. We also hope to understand possible problems that could face clients to such sites due to caching and standardization of newer protocols like HTTP/1.1. The main contribution of this work is to understand the actual implementation of replicated and distributed content on multiple servers and its implication for clients. Our investigations showed issues with replicated and distributed content and its effects on caching due to incorrect identifers being send by different servers serving the same content. We were able to identify web sites doing application layer switching mechanisms like DNS and HTTP redirection. Lower layers of switching needed investigation of the HTTP responses from servers, which were hampered by insuffcient tags send by servers. We find web sites employ a large amount of distribution of embedded content and its ramifcations on HTTP/1.1 need further investigation. "

Mining frequent patterns is an important component of many prediction systems. One common usage in web applications is the mining of users' access behavior for the purpose of predicting and hence pre-fetching the web pages that the user is likely to visit. Frequent sequence mining approaches in the literature are often based on the use of an Apriori-like candidate generation strategy, which typically requires numerous scans of the potentially huge sequence database. In this paper we instead introduce a more efficient strategy for discovering frequent patterns in sequence databases that requires only two scans of the database. The first scan obtains support counts for subsequences of length two. The second scan extracts potentially frequent sequences of any length and represents them as a compressed frequent sequences tree structure (FS-tree). Frequent sequence patterns are then mined from the FS-tree. Incremental and interactive mining functionalities are also facilitated by the FS-tree. As part of this work, we developed the FS-Miner, an system that discovers frequent sequences from web log files. The FS-Miner has the ability to adapt to changes in users' behavior over time, in the form of new input sequences, and to respond incrementally without the need to perform full re-computation. Our system also allows the user to change the input parameters (e.g., minimum support and desired pattern size) interactively without requiring full re-computation in most cases. We have tested our system using two different data sets, comparing it against two other algorithms from the literature. Our experimental results show that our system scales up linearly with the size of the input database. Furthermore, it exhibits excellent adaptability to support threshold decreases. We also show that the incremental update capability of the system provides significant performance advantages over full re-computation even for relatively large update sizes.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:41:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 418506.pdf: 1410771 bytes, checksum: ec5de9f97ccba64ecff700c9b5d8f33a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-27 / Os g?neros n?o s?o afeitos ? defini??o, mas ? conceitua??o. Isso porque s?o aparatos constru?dos historicamente pelo homem, portanto, sujeitos a grandes varia??es. Nas ?ltimas d?cadas, os m?ltiplos artefatos de comunica??o pluralizam as rela??es sociais; em virtude disso, proliferam v?rios tipos e conceitos de formas gen?ricas. Dentro desse cen?rio, este estudo investiga radionovelas, telenovelas e webnovelas, com o objetivo de defender a tese de recria??o dos g?neros. Para isso, aplicam-se as categorias dialogismo e intera??o/interatividade. Este trabalho tamb?m faz um resgate s?cio-hist?ricocultural dos precursores de g?neros eletr?nicos anal?gico-digitais, como: melodrama e folhetim. Al?m de levar em conta a realidade social, o processo de recria??o ? analisado a partir de elementos intra e intergen?ricos, entre eles, perip?cia, reconhecimento e cat?strofe. ? uma pesquisa qualitativa com o olhar do m?todo Dial?tico Hist?rico-Estrutural (DHE).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:49:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 439643.pdf: 1981246 bytes, checksum: 04537cde325826102af000a0bad6e653 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-23 / The heterogeneity of the ways information is presented on the web is a characteristic which complicates the analysis between different sources. Even in hierarchical structures, which have a minimum relation of order, there is no standard for how to display the elements and how to reference them. Therefore, this work s main focus is to present a visual and extensible tool that centralizes and supports operations on such structures in web pages. To that end, the PLATAL (Platform of Hierarchy Extraction and Alignment) tool was developed, to facilitate the various operations of hierarchy alignment. The tool has four main modules: one for extracting hierarchies of web pages, making them available for manipulation in standard formats of the semantic web; one for automated alignment of these hierarchies, based on various heuristics and ontology alignment techniques; one for manual alignment of hierarchies, allowing the creation of reference alignments; and finally, one for evaluation of alignments, through the analysis of precision and recall. To evaluate the heuristics of alignment, experiments were performed in the field of e-commerce. The results were compared with that produced by other tools described in the literature. Therefore, this work contributes as a way to enable the creation of aligned hierarchies from heterogeneous structures found on the web. / A heterogeneidade das formas como as informa??es s?o apresentadas na web ? uma caracter?stica que dificulta a an?lise de dados entre diferentes fontes. Mesmo em estruturas hier?rquicas, que possuem uma rela??o m?nima de ordem, n?o h? um padr?o para como exibir os elementos e como referenciar os mesmos. Por isso, o foco principal deste trabalho ? apresentar uma ferramenta visual e extens?vel que centraliza e auxilia opera??es sobre tais estruturas em p?ginas da internet. Para tanto, foi elaborada a ferramenta PLATAL (Plataforma de Extra??o e Alinhamento de Hierarquias), voltada para facilitar as diversas opera??es de alinhamento de hierarquias. A ferramenta possui quatro m?dulos principais: um para extra??o de hierarquias de p?ginas da internet, tornando-as dispon?veis para manipula??o em formatos padr?es da web sem?ntica; um para alinhamento automatizado dessas hierarquias, baseado em diversas heur?sticas e t?cnicas de alinhamento de ontologias; um para alinhamento manual de hierarquias, possibilitando a cria??o de alinhamentos de refer?ncia; e por fim, um para avalia??o de alinhamentos, atrav?s da an?lise de precis?o e abrang?ncia. Para avaliar as heur?sticas de alinhamento, foram realizados experimentos no dom?nio de com?rcio eletr?nico. Os resultados foram comparados com o produzido por outras ferramentas descritas na literatura. Portanto, este trabalho contribui como uma forma de viabilizar a cria??o de hierarquias alinhadas a partir das estruturas heterog?neas encontradas na web.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-09-11T11:20:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 474717 - Texto Completo.pdf: 2872727 bytes, checksum: 156aef3e37b8e3496e76e84ebc56c3e1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-11T11:20:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 474717 - Texto Completo.pdf: 2872727 bytes, checksum: 156aef3e37b8e3496e76e84ebc56c3e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-20 / Webdocumentaries are works regarding the historical world developed for distribution and fruition in the World Wide Web. The goal of this paper is to comprehend what kind of participation this new gender proposes for users, tracing a qualitative analysis of interaction in webdocumentaries. Two webdocumentaries with different formats were selected for analyses: Fort McMoney and Bear 71. Both were examined according to the modes of interaction proposed by Gaudenzi (2013), modes of interaction by Nash (2012) and mutual and reactive interaction, defined by Primo (2000, 2011). Following the examination we present a proposal identifying three uses of interaction in webdocumentaries: to reinforce/stablish bond between user and the work/subject depicted, to reinforce the author?s argument, and to share the author?s role. / Webdocument?rios s?o obras que tratam do mundo hist?rico, sendo desenvolvidas para distribui??o e frui??o na World Wide Web. O objetivo do trabalho ? compreender que tipo de participa??o ? proposta para os usu?rios nesse novo g?nero, tra?ando uma an?lise qualitativa da intera??o em webdocument?rios. Foram selecionados dois webdocument?rios com formatos distintos: Fort McMoney e Bear 71. Ambos s?o examinados de acordo com os conceitos de modos de intera??o proposto por Gaudenzi (2013), os modos de intera??o de Nash (2012), e a intera??o m?tua e reativa de Primo (2000, 2011). Ap?s a an?lise, apresentamos uma proposta que identifica tr?s usos da intera??o em webdocument?rios: refor?ar/estabelecer o v?nculo com o usu?rio, refor?ar o argumento do autor, e partilhar a fun??o do autor.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:38:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 445469.pdf: 814844 bytes, checksum: a2c5bfb8be6c064ba4dce92707600967 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-09 / The research object of this paper is the inferential processing of politically incorrect language on the Internet. The aims of this paper are to describe the properties of the object and to evaluate inferential theories capacity to deal with it. In order to do so, an interdisciplinary approach is used, based on the Metatheory of Interfaces (COSTA, 2007). This paper is in a linguistic-cognitive-communicative perspective, as well as in a Semantics/Pragmatics interface. Inferences in natural language were investigated in this paper, therefore the inferential theories such as Grice s Implicature Theory (1975) were described and discussed, as well as the theories by Costa (2008), Levionson (2000) and Sperber & Wilson (1996). Since the notion of inference as ocurring in dialogues is assumed, theories of Dialogue by Bohm (1996), Walton (1989) and Costa (2011) were presented, as well as charactetistics of dialogues in virtual environments. Controversial topics are frequent on the Internet and bring about conversations and discussions that present language that is considered to be politically incorrect. Thus, notions on such language are presented, based on authors such as Lakoff (2000), Rajagopalan (2000) and Hornsby (2001). This theoretical framework leads this paper into the analysis, where it was possible to reason out that an interface approach is more effective to cope with the complexities of the inferences that occur in the politically incorrect language. / O objeto te?rico deste trabalho ? o processo inferencial da linguagem politicamente incorreta em di?logos na Internet. Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever as propriedades desse objeto e avaliar a potencialidade de teorias inferenciais para analis?-lo. Para tanto, uma abordagem em interfaces ? utilizada, seguindo a Metateoria das Interfaces (COSTA, 2007) e adotando uma perspectiva Lingu?stica cognitiva-comunicativa e uma interface entre a Sem?ntica e a Pragm?tica. Neste trabalho, as infer?ncias em linguagem natural s?o investigadas, portanto uma descri??o de teorias inferencialistas como a Teoria das Implicaturas de Grice (1975), bem como as propostas de Costa (2008), Levinson (2000) e Sperber & Wilson (1996) s?o descritas e discutidas. Ao propor que o processo inferencial ocorre em trocas comunicativas, ou di?logos, as teorias sobre o di?logo de Bohm (1996), Walton (1989) e Costa (2011) s?o apresentadas, e uma vez que os di?logos ocorrem em ambiente virtual, caracter?sticas da comunica??o virtual s?o apresentadas. Nesse ambiente, assuntos pol?micos geram in?meros di?logos, onde linguagem considerada politicamente incorreta ocorre. Conceitos sobre tal linguagem s?o apresentados, seguindo autores como Lakoff (2000), Rajagopalan (2000) e Hornsby (2001), para ent?o chegar ? an?lise. Foi poss?vel concluir que uma abordagem em interfaces ? mais eficaz para lidar com as complexidades das infer?ncias que ocorrem na linguagem politicamente incorreta.

The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to examine reviewswritten by users in library online catalogs, online bookstoresand on the web community LibraryThing, in order todetermine whether there are any differences in the way usersreview books, and whether these differences might explainwhy libraries experience difficulties in getting their users toreview books. At the core of web 2.0 and library 2.0concepts lies the thought of user participation, and largerlibraries have sought to implement systems for reviewingand tagging items in the catalog in ways similar to onlinebookstores and other websites.By analyzing the contents of user reviews, however, thisthesis shows that users express themselves differentlydepending on what kinds of literature they review, and inwhat context. Most notably, user reviews of ‘the Classics’ orcanonized literature recognizes the high status of suchliterature, while users reviewing popular fiction expressthemselves in a way that admits that the reviewed titles areconsidered less valuable. There are also signs that booksreviewed at online bookstores are seen as products ormerchandise, while the reviews at the library to a greaterdegree treat the books as works of literature.The conclusion reached in this thesis suggests that there maybe a relation between the image of the library as a defenderof high culture and the perceived status of literary works,causing users to become hesitant to review books, feelingthat they do not have the knowledge to describe or reviewthem ‘correctly’. / Program: Bibliotekarie

Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, June 2002. / "May 2002." / Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-64). / In this thesis, we present the design and implementation of Herodotus, a peer-to-peer web archival system. Like the Wayback Machine, a website that currently offers a web archive, Herodotus periodically crawls the world wide web and stores copies of all downloaded web content. Unlike the Wayback Machine, Herodotus does not rely on a centralized server farm. Instead, many individual nodes spread out across the Internet collaboratively perform the task of crawling and storing the content. This allows a large group of people to contribute idle computer resources to jointly achieve the goal of creating an Internet archive. Herodotus uses replication to ensure the persistence of data as nodes join and leave. Herodotus is implemented on top of Chord, a distributed peer-to-peer lookup service. It is written in C++ on FreeBSD. Our analysis based on an estimated size of the World Wide Web shows that a set of 20,000 nodes would be required to archive the entire web, assuming that each node has a typical home broadband Internet connection and contributes 100 GB of storage. / by Timo Burkard. / M.Eng.

Qin An. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-142). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.