陳淑筠. / "2005年9月". / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2005. / 參考文獻(leaves 225-233). / "2005 nian 9 yue". / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Chen Shuyun. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2005. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 225-233). / 致謝 --- p.i / 摘要（中文） --- p.ii / 摘要（英文） --- p.iv / Chapter 第一章 --- 導論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二章 --- 模特兒的發展歷史與性別化身體 --- p.25 / Chapter 第三章 --- 模特兒與模特兒公司的互動 --- p.68 / Chapter 第四章 --- 模特兒的日常工作與性別化身體 --- p.117 / Chapter 第五章 --- 男女模特兒的性別化身體 --- p.162 / Chapter 第六章 --- 結語 --- p.190 / 附錄：問卷調查 --- p.216 / 參考書目 --- p.225

金佩瑋. / "2003年9月". / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2003. / 參考文獻 (leaves 126-133). / 附中英文摘要. / "2003 nian 9 yue". / Jin Peiwei. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2003. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 126-133). / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / 論文摘要 --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / 致謝 --- p.iii / Chapter 1. --- 序章 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- 緣起與目的 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- 硏究方法 --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- 論述分析. --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- 質性調查 --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3 --- 理論及分析架構 --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- 佛教學向度 --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.1.1 --- 佛教看待女性的四種態度 --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.1.2 --- 不利女身的斷言多爲後來竄加 --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.1.3 --- 轉身論及法無男女論的形成過程 --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3.1.4 --- 轉男身的宗教意義 --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3.1.5 --- 女性曾爲一個歷史主體 --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.1.6 --- 從權力角度檢視佛教女性處境 --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- 女性主義與婦女硏究向度 --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.2.1 --- 婦女硏究 --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.2.2 --- 女性主義 --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- 佛法義理原則 --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4 --- 典籍與名相 --- p.19 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- 典籍使用 --- p.19 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- 名相釋義 --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4.2.1 --- 女身 --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4.2.2 --- 成佛 --- p.20 / Chapter 2. --- 重構女身成佛的論述場景 --- p.22 / Chapter 2.1 --- 佛經時代的女性境況 --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2 --- 建立女身成佛的系譜 --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- 佛在世勇於破禁的年代´ؤ´ؤ女性即身成就阿羅漢 --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- 部派對立及厭惡女性的年代´ؤ´ؤ女身不能成佛 --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- 大乘運動崛起的年代´ؤ´ؤ以轉身論解放女身 --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- 密教與陰性興起的年代´ؤ´ؤ所有人皆能即身成佛 --- p.50 / Chapter 2.3 --- 小結 --- p.58 / Chapter 3. --- 論述背後的女人 --- p.61 / Chapter 3.1 --- 尋找女性的蹤影 --- p.61 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- 碑銘上存在的女性 --- p.62 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- 佛塔信仰體系下的女性狀況 --- p.65 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- 論爭背後的女性參與 --- p.67 / Chapter 3.2 --- 沒女身的協商與互動 --- p.69 / Chapter 3.3 --- 義理上分析和解構 --- p.71 / Chapter 3.4 --- 小結 --- p.73 / Chapter 4. --- 女修行人的協商與互動 --- p.75 / Chapter 4.1 --- 受訪者背景與成佛觀 --- p.75 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- 受訪者背景簡述、接觸佛教以及修行槪念 --- p.75 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- 不同傳統的成佛觀 --- p.78 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- 成佛信念與本身傳統相應 --- p.81 / Chapter 4.2 --- 抵抗與協商的話語 --- p.84 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- 女身之苦與障重 --- p.84 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- 抵抗與磋商 --- p.87 / Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- 人望高處成男身 --- p.87 / Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- 建構乘願再來的話語 --- p.88 / Chapter 4.2.2.3 --- 直接向權威挑戰 --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2.2.4 --- 把經教性別支配論述消弭 --- p.91 / Chapter 4.2.2.5 --- 把握佛法的隨機和弔詭性 --- p.92 / Chapter 4.3 --- 佛教女人的得力與消力 --- p.94 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- 傳統與信仰想像 --- p.94 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- 以退爲進及以傳統制傳統 --- p.96 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- 建立正面楷模及女性的傳統 --- p.101 / Chapter 4.4 --- 小結 --- p.101 / Chapter 5. --- 去性別化與權力主體 --- p.104 / Chapter 5.1 --- 從轉身到去性別 --- p.105 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- 去性別化´ؤ´ؤ現代轉身論 --- p.106 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- 轉身/去性別還是陽剛與陰柔？ --- p.107 / Chapter 5.2 --- 女性的權力與主體性 --- p.109 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- 沒女身的主體性與權力 --- p.110 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- 顛覆性的主體權力 --- p.113 / Chapter 5.3 --- 小結 --- p.115 / Chapter 6. --- 總結´ؤ´ؤ初探女性義理學 --- p.118 / Chapter 6.1 --- 新世代的衝擊與重建 --- p.119 / Chapter 6.2 --- 女性義理學及性別硏究的策略與方向 --- p.121 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- 轉身/去性別的新意涵 --- p.121 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- 回復性別平等的新傳統 --- p.123 / Chapter 6.3 --- 正視偏見與盲點 --- p.124 / Chapter 6.4 --- 結語 --- p.125 / Chapter 7. --- 參考書目 --- p.126

This master thesis deals with "somatisms" (i.e. names of human body parts) in language. It uses the example of two distant and unrelated languages - Czech and Turkish - to explore conceptualization of human body and its parts in phraseology, and possible differences that may occur across languages and cultures. This thesis consists of two key parts: a quantitative comparison and a qualitative comparison. In the first part, the frequency of individual somatisms and respective words is measured and compared in phraseology of both languages. The second part is a qualitative analysis of head - the most frequent somatism in both Czech and Turkish. The analysis and comparison are based on the perspective of cognitive linguistics, more specifically on the approach called "linguistic picture of the world" and related "profile theory".

A Tese Confissões | Não | Declaradas apresenta um conjunto de experimentos poéticos realizados entre 2011 e 2015, cujo foco toma o corpo - para além do masculino e feminino - como subjetividade encarnada. Neles estão incorporadas tanto as investigações no campo das práticas artísticas quanto as reflexões no plano conceitual. A criação de campos sensórios em desenhos, esculturas, fotografias, gravuras e videoperformances refere-se às práticas artísticas. Já o desenvolvimento ensaístico do texto sobre as noções de corpo e sua conversão em imagem - de subjetividade como objeto de encarnação e de corpo fluido em estado artístico - remete ao plano conceitual em que os resultados dos experimentos poéticos se rebatem e se multiplicam. Como desdobramento disso, ainda são desencadeadas ideias sobre questões de gênero na interação erótica e, numa outra perspectiva, são desenvolvidas reflexões sobre o sujeito múltiplo metaestável como resultante de um processo de individuação contínuo. A metodologia que está na base dos experimentos poéticos é a pesquisa da sensação, porém empreendida com o objetivo de criar zonas estéticas capazes de dissolver formas corporais culturalmente crista / This thesis, entitled Confessions | Not | Declared, presents a series of artistic experiments conducted between 2011 and 2015, focusing on the human body beyond the categories of male and female, taken as embodied subjectivity. These experiments embody both artistic practice-based research and theoretical considerations. Artistic practice refers to the creation of sensory fields in drawings, sculptures, photographs, prints and video performances. The theoretical analysis examined some notions of the human body converted into image: the notion of incarnated subjectivity and the notion of a flowing body in artistic state, and how these concepts related to the artistic experimentation. Furthermore, both ideas on gender issues in erotic interaction and, from a different perspective, reflections on a metastable, multiple subject resulting from a continuous process of individuation, were considered. Sensation research was the methodology underpinning the artistic experiments. With this approach, aesthetic zones were created that dissolved culturally constructed notions of human body forms, and the images produced, rather than mere images, were infused with story-telling power.

How does one approach the human body when designing and use it as a tool for investigating to develop shape-expression in dress? For this research, the movement of the human body has been chosen as the base element to generate shapes from movement, to enable a form of visible objects. This has been accomplished by carefully studying the original movement of a human body through film. Looking att balance, direction and general shape. The new human body, which has been generated from this research, provides the viewer or creator a different perspective of the body in relation to the static body, which is regularly used in fashion design from the beginning of the design process. This research has been conducted to propose the importance of the human body as an active element in the beginning of the design process and to be viewed as a new platform of innovative design and artistic development in dress. In addition, to develop a contemporary understanding of the body’s role when designing and developing fashion design. By using the human body in motion for shape and form, in contrast to the regular static dummy/body or flat sketching, the collection challenges the standard methods of designing and applying techniques. / Program: Modedesignutbildningen

O presente estudo se iniciou a partir de uma intervenção de cerca de quatro anos, na área da promoção de saúde, voltada a um grupo de travestis de baixa renda, que realizava encontros em uma instituição pública na região central de São Paulo. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi o da observação participante ativa, priorizando-se o caráter interativo e dialógico na obtenção dos dados. Buscou-se investigar a constituição da identidade social entre as referidas travestis, pela descrição e análise de quatro eixos fundamentais para o entendimento de seu universo - gênero, corpo, trabalho e violência - na perspectiva de transcender o privilégio dado à categoria gênero nos estudos existentes sobre travestis. Procurou-se submeter cada um destes eixos a uma análise social ampliada e referida à realidade brasileira. A partir de uma abordagem critica à categoria \"identidade\", foi proposto o entendimento desta, em relação ao grupo estudado, como uma \"colcha de retalhos\" (\"patchwork\"), formada a partir da assimilação de fragmentos de diferentes identidade sociais presentes em nossa sociedade. Considerou-se que as principais identidades incorporadas pelas travestis estudadas foram as da \"mulher submissa\", da \"puta\" e da \"mulher super-sedutora\", no campo da feminilidade e as do \"viado\", do \"malandro\" e do \"bandido\", no campo da masculinidade. A \"identidade travesti\" resultante mostrou não apenas a ambigüidade masculino/feminina, mas também contradições e tensões entre as próprias identidades femininas - e masculinas - incorporadas. / This study had its origin in a four-year health promotion work, directed to low-income travestis, within a public health institution in the central area of São Paulo, Brazil. The research method comprised active participant observation , with interactive, and dialogical data collection. The social identity formation among these travestis was investigated by description and analysis of four axis; gender, body, work, and violence, each of them fundamental for the understanding of their universe, attempting to transcend the status given to gender category in other studies with this population. Each one of these axis were submitted to a wider social analysis and referred to the current situation in Brazil. The identity category was subjected to a critical analysis and was proposed, in the referred group, the understanding of identity as a patchwork, built by the assimilation of different identity fragments that are common in Brazilian society. The major identities incorporated by the studied travestis were, in the field of feminility, the submissive woman, the puta (whore), and the seductress. In the field of masculinity the viado (queer), the malandro (rogue), and the bandido (bandit). The resultant travesti identity showed not only a masculine and/or feminine ambiguity, but also contradictions amongst the incorporated feminine identities, in the same way as the masculine ones.

Neste trabalho, o conceito de exergia é utilizado na proposição de um indicador de idade exergética que permita observar alterações da expectativa de vida de um indivíduo a partir da exergia destruída durante seu ciclo de vida. Para tal, a análise exergética é aplicada ao corpo humano e a volumes de controle menores dentro do corpo para diferentes cenários nos quais ocorram alterações nas reações metabólicas, a fim de determinar a taxa de exergia destruída em função da idade cronológica. Com essa informação, é calculado o indicador de idade exergética, podendo comparar a taxa de progressão da vida do indivíduo nas diferentes condições avaliadas com base na ideia de que há um valor máximo de exergia destruída acumulada durante a vida. Os efeitos do tabagismo e da obesidade são avaliados, e observa-se uma redução de aproximadamente 15 anos na expectativa de vida de fumantes, enquanto, para os obesos, o indicador mostra um aumento. Portanto, a identificação da obesidade como um fator de risco se deve ao desenvolvimento de patologias associadas à obesidade, e não ao aumento do metabolismo e à presença de gordura corporal subcutânea. Uma vez que maior parte das patologias relacionadas à obesidade está associada ao sistema cardiovascular, é proposto um modelo exergético do coração. Observa-se um aumento da taxa de exergia destruída na presença de hipertensão, que leva a uma redução de cerca de quatro anos na expectativa de vida. Por fim, é proposto um modelo do metabolismo de uma célula de câncer que leva em conta as alterações das rotas metabólicas, a partir do qual é possível observar um aumento de quase três vezes no metabolismo exergético de uma célula de câncer em comparação com uma célula saudável. A análise da progressão de um tumor indica que, na ausência de tratamento, a redução da expectativa de vida é de 27 anos. Além disso, no caso de tratamento, cada seis meses na presença da doença reduz a expectativa de vida em cerca de quatro anos. / In the present work, the concept of exergy is applied in order to propose an index of exergetic age that allows observing changes in life expectancy of a subject based on the exergy destruction throughout the life cycle. To do so, exergy analysis is applied to the human body and smaller internal control volumes for different scenarios where changes in metabolic reactions take place, aiming at determining the destroyed exergy rate as a function of chronological age. From this data, exergetic age index is calculated, enabling to compare the rate of life progression of the subject under different circumstances, based on the idea that there is a maximum value of cumulative destroyed exergy throughout life. The effects of smoking and obesity are evaluated and a reduction of approximately 15 years is observed for smokers, while, for obese people, the index shows an increase. Thus, the identification of obesity as a risk factor is more associated to the development of obesity-related diseases than to the metabolic rate increase and the presence of a thicker layer of subcutaneous fat. Since most of the obesity-related diseases are associated to the cardiovascular system, an exergy model of the human heart is proposed. The model reports an increase of the exergy destruction in case of hypertension that causes a reduction of about four years in life expectancy. Finally, a model of the metabolism of a cancer cell is proposed taking into account the changes in the metabolic paths, from which it is possible to observe a threefold increase of the exergy metabolism of a cancer cell, in comparison to a healthy one. The analysis of tumor progression indicates that, in the absence of treatment, the reduction of life expectancy is about 27 years. Furthermore, in case of treatment, each six months living with the disease causes a reduction of almost four years in life expectancy.

Human-structure interaction is a relatively new topic that is not fully understood. There have been several human whole-body models from the research in body biomechanics and structural dynamics, which have been used in the study of human-structure interaction. It is not clear which body model is the most appropriate one. An interactive human body model was derived from a human-structure interaction model where a continuous standing human body was placed on a single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) structure. However, the dynamic parameters of the human body model cannot be determined accurately. In this thesis, a series of human-structure interaction experiments are conducted, which also leads to the identification of the dynamic parameters of the interactive body model and the assessment of the commonly used human body models. Two groups of 18 and 38 individual subjects participated in human-structure interaction experiment on a SDOF test rig with two different configurations. Two sweeping harmonic forces (6.6 and 13.2 N) were applied to the bare and occupied rigs. The repeatability of the tests was checked and confirmed. These experiments showed clearly two resonance frequencies of the human-structure system. It was also demonstrated that the dynamic parameters of the standing human body were independent of the test rig setup and of the subjects' gender. On the other hand, the vibration magnitude and the body masses significantly influenced the natural frequencies but not the damping ratios of the standing subjects. The fundamental natural frequency and damping ratio of the standing human body were about 6.6 Hz and 22% respectively. The identified dynamic parameters of the standing body can then be used to predict the responses of an occupied structure and the human body. Another group of 74 subjects were tested twice, with and without wearing shoes, which examined the effect of footwear on the dynamic parameters of the standing human body and on the dynamic response of the occupied rig. Only one sweeping harmonic force (13.2 N) was applied to the test rig. This study demonstrated that footwear significantly affected the dynamic parameters of the standing human body. The natural frequency and damping ratio of the standing body with bare feet are higher than those with footwear. When the two genders have the same body mass index (BMI), the maximum responses of the occupied rig are almost identical. When they have the same weight, the response of the rig occupied by the males was higher at the first resonance peak. The accelerations throughout the heights of two subjects were measured, which allowed a comparison between the predicted human whole-body acceleration and the measurements at different positions of the standing human bodies. The predicted frequency response functions (FRFs) had the same pattern as the measured ones and were larger than the measured responses at the head, neck and shoulders. The effects of the mass ratio of a crowd to a SDOF structure and the natural frequency of the structure on the human-structure interaction were examined. It was demonstrated that, for a light crowd, such as seen on office floors, the occupied structure would respond less than the bare structure, where the human body acts like a tuned-mass-damper, while the body responses were higher than that of the bare structure. For a larger crowd, such as seen on grandstands, the responses of the occupied structure and the human body were both smaller than that of the bare structure although the body response was larger than that of the occupied structure. A comparison between the human-structure interaction model used in this study and three other models was conducted. The dynamic parameters of the models were identified from the above experiments, in which the natural frequencies of the body for the four models were similar. It showed that the predicted responses of the occupied structure were similar based on the four models. However, there were obvious differences in the predicted body responses. A detailed comparison between the proposed model, Griffin's models and the available measurements showed that the damping ratios used in Griffin's models were too high, which prevents the two resonance frequencies from being observed. In addition, the predicted human body response calculated by the proposed model is much higher than that from Griffin's models.

Orientador: Maristela Angotti / Banca: Márcia Cristina Argenti Perez / Banca: Lúcia Maria Salgado dos Santos Lombardi / Resumo: Partindo do pressuposto que somos sujeitos corpos e entendendo que os docentes têm grandes influências no modo como os educandos desenvolver-se-ão, o objetivo dessa pesquisa é investigar a relação estabelecida entre as concepções dos professores sobre corpo, criança e Educação Infantil e suas próprias corporeidades. Para tanto, foram abordados aspectos relativos às concepções de corpo pautadas em diferentes perspectivas e autores como Michel Foucault, Rudolf Laban, Merleau-Ponty e Paulo Freire. Também foi brevemente retomada a história do corpo como construção sócio-histórica, bem como tecidas considerações relativas à infância, à criança e à Educação Infantil, de modo a publicizar o reconhecimento dessa etapa educacional e, dado o entendimento de suas especificidades, relacioná-la ao conceito da corporeidade. De modo a dar visibilidade e análise aos aspectos relativos à temática da pesquisa, foram entrevistadas três educadoras atuantes na etapa da Educação Infantil por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, sob os fundamentos da metodologia de abordagem qualitativa. A análise dos dados foi tecida no paralelo estabelecido entre as questões da pesquisa, os dados coletados, as inferências realizadas e as perspectivas teóricas adotadas. Foram elaborados blocos temáticos a partir dos objetivos delineados centrados em quatro pontos. São eles: Olhar sobre a concepção de criança e a finalidade da educação a elas destinada; Olhar sobre a concepção de corpo; Olhar sobre as práticas da educadora infantil no tocante ao lugar que atribui ao corpo a partir da concepção que tem dele; Olhar sobre o que as concepções e corporeidade revelam acerca dos modos de ser e estar no mundo e na escola. Os dados analisados indicam a relevância da reflexão docente, da tomada de consciência sobre os condicionantes histórico-sociais e da adoção de estratégias de ação no fazer docente para que profissionais da... / Abstract: Assuming that we are subject bodies and understanding that teachers have great influences on how the students will develop, the goal of this research is to investigate the relation between teachers' conceptions of the body, children and childhood education and their own corporeality. Therefore, aspects regarding the concepts of body guided by different perspectives and authors, authors such as Michel Foucault, Rudolf Laban, Merleau-Ponty and Paulo Freire were approached. The story of the body as socio-historic construction was also briefly resumed, and some considerations related to childhood, child and early childhood education were elaborated, in order to publicize the recognition of this educational stage and, concerning the understanding of their specificities, relate it to the concept of embodiment. To give visibility and analysis to aspects related to the research themes, three educators that work in the stage of childhood education were interviewed through semi-structured interviews, under the foundations of qualitative methodology. The data analysis was constructed in the parallel established between the research questions, the collected data, the inferences made and the theoretical perspectives adopted. Thematic blocks were elaborated from the goals outlined centered on four points. They are: a look upon the conception of child and the purpose of the education destined to them; a look upon the conception of body, a look upon the practices of the childhood educator regarding the place that gives to the body from the understanding about it; a look upon what the concepts and corporeality reveal about the ways of being in the world and in the school. The analyzed data indicate the importance of the teaching reflection, awareness of the historical and social conditioning and the adoption of strategies of action in teaching so that the education professionals effectively take educational function, and based on this understanding, take ... / Mestre

and key words The aim of this final thesis is to compare the Czech and Swedish idiomatic expressions, which include words related to the human body. Using the list of idiomatic expressions generated from the available phraseological dictionaries and other literature and subsequently tracing Czech equivalents, it is mainly focused on the degree of equivalence of somatic idioms in these two languages. The theoretical part is devoted to phraseology as a linguistic discipline, differences in the conception and definition of the idiom in Czech and Swedish and it also defines the types of equivalence used in the practical part. The practical part is in addition to the above mentioned equivalence focused on the frequency of use of the individual parts of a human body contained in the collected sample of idioms, their classification and equivalence. It also deals with several groups of idioms and demonstrates the differences in their perceptions. Marginally it devotes to the etymology of some selected terms. Key words: Czech, Swedish, human body, phraseology, idiom, equivalence, etymology