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An die Musterfertigung von Systemlieferanten stellt sich die besondere Anforderung, Prototypen verschiedener Erzeugnisse, in vielfältigen Kundenvarianten, in jeweils unterschiedlichen Produktreifegraden, parallel zu fertigen. Daraus resultiert eine spezifische Variabilitätsausprägung der Produktionsplanungsparameter, die zu einer hohen Komplexität und Turbulenz in der Ablaufsteuerung einer Musterfertigung führt. Infolgedessen gilt der Planparametervariabilitätsfall Musterfertigung, sowohl in der Theorie als auch in der betrieblichen Praxis, als ein bislang ungelöstes Steuerungsproblem, welches ein hohes Verbesserungspotenzial aufweist. Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert und beleuchtet diesen Problemfall im Rahmen einer vergleichenden Fallstudienuntersuchung. Aufbauend auf den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen wird ein Konzept zur Steuerung einer Musterfertigung bei Systemlieferanten entwickelt und in seinem Anwendungszusammenhang evaluiert. / Sample production of tier 1 automotive suppliers demands producing simultaneously different product samples in many customised versions and within various maturity levels. The associated variability of the time-phased work content leads to a high degree of complexity and turbulence in the manufacturing process of such a production type. Therefore, sample production control becomes significantly more complicated and most existing control approaches fail in the real world. For this reason the present thesis examines this subject matter by means of a comparative case study. Based on the findings a customized production control concept will be introduced that fully adapts the specific needs of sample production of tier 1 automotive suppliers.

This master's thesis deals with analysis, design and implementation of an information system that allows easy extensibility with three-tier architecture.   System is developed using object oriented approach by programming language PHP, relational database server MySQL and web services and protocol SOAP. The View tier is implemented by web technologies XHTML and CSS. Analysis and design of this system is done with using the modeling language UML.     In this thesis is described the problem of multi-tier software architecture, theory of development information's systems and described design and implementation of an information system with a three-tier architecture and it's application in the society SDC.

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Die Hauptursachen für die derzeitige weltweite Krise der biologischen Vielfalt sind Lebensraumzerstörung und Übernutzung. Wir wissen jedoch nicht, wie sich diese beiden Faktoren einzeln und zusammen auf die verschiedenen Aspekte biologischer Vielfalt auswirken und wie sie sich im Laufe der Zeit verändern. Da beide Bedrohungen weit verbreitet sind, verhindern dies die Entwicklung wirksamer Schutzstrategien. Das übergeordnete Ziel dieser Arbeit war räumliche und zeitliche Veränderungsmuster der Auswirkungen von Lebensraumzerstörung und Übernutzung auf die biologische Vielfalt zu verstehen. Ich habe diese Bedrohungsgeographien mit hoher räumlicher Auflösung und über drei Jahrzehnte hinweg für verschiedene Aspekte biologischer Vielfalt untersucht: Arten, Lebensgemeinschaften und taxonomische, phylogenetische und funktionale Facetten biologischer Vielfalt. Ich konzentrierte mich auf den 1,1 Millionen km² großen Gran Chaco, den größten tropischen Trockenwald der Welt und einen globalen Entwaldungs-Hotspot. Meine Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich im Laufe von 30 Jahren die räumlichen Auswirkungen der einzelnen Bedrohungen auf größere Gebiete ausdehnten als nur auf die abgeholzte Fläche. Dies führte zu einem Verlust an hochwertigen und sicheren Gebieten für den Jaguar, die gesamte Großsäugergemeinschaft und alle Facetten der Säugetiervielfalt. Beide Bedrohungen trugen wesentlich zum Rückgang biologischer Vielfalt bei, ihre relative Bedeutung variierte jedoch je nach Art und Facette der biologischen Vielfalt. Zudem haben die Gebiete, in denen beide Bedrohungen zusammenwirken, im Laufe der Zeit zugenommen, was den Verlust der biologischen Vielfalt wahrscheinlich noch verschlimmert hat. Diese Arbeit unterstreicht, wie wichtig es ist, die Auswirkungen mehrerer Bedrohungen im Laufe der Zeit gemeinsam zu bewerten, um den menschlichen Einfluss auf die biologische Vielfalt besser verstehen zu können und wirksame Schutzstrategien zu finden. / The main drivers of the current global biodiversity crisis are habitat destruction and overexploitation. Yet, we lack understanding of their individual and combined spatial impact on different aspects of biodiversity, and how they change over time. Because both threats are common, these knowledge gaps preclude building more effective conservation strategies. The overarching goal of this thesis was to understand how the impacts of habitat destruction and overexploitation on biodiversity change in space and over time. I assessed these geographies of threat at high spatial resolutions and over three decades for different biodiversity aspects: species, communities, and the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional facets of biodiversity. I focused on the 1.1 million km² Gran Chaco, the largest tropical dry forest globally, and a global deforestation hotspot. Results reveal that over 30 years, the spatial impacts of each threat expanded over larger areas than the area deforested. This resulted in widespread losses of high-quality and safe areas for the jaguar, the entire larger mammal community and for all facets of the mammalian diversity. Such declines suggest a generalized biotic impoverishment that includes the loss of species, evolutionary history, and ecological functions across much of the Chaco. Both threats contributed substantially to biodiversity declines, and their relative importance varied among species and biodiversity facets. Moreover, the areas where both threats synergize increased over time, likely exacerbating biodiversity losses. For each biodiversity aspect, I identified priority areas of safe and high-quality habitats, and hotspots of high threat impacts, which could guide more effective complementary proactive and reactive conservation strategies. This thesis highlights the importance of jointly assessing the impact of multiple threats over time to better understand the impact of humans on biodiversity and to identify effective ways to mitigate them. / Los principales factores de la actual crisis de la biodiversidad global son la destrucción del hábitat y la sobreexplotación. Sin embargo, desconocemos su impacto espacial, tanto individual como combinado, sobre los diferentes aspectos de la biodiversidad, y cómo cambian en el tiempo. Como ambas amenazas son comunes, estos vacíos de conocimiento impiden elaborar estrategias de conservación más eficaces. El objetivo general de esta tesis fue comprender cómo los impactos de la destrucción del hábitat y la sobreexplotación en la biodiversidad cambian en el espacio y en el tiempo. Evalué estas geografías de las amenazas a altas resoluciones espaciales y a lo largo de tres décadas para diferentes aspectos de la biodiversidad: especies, comunidades y las facetas taxonómica, filogenética y funcional de la biodiversidad. Me centré en el Gran Chaco, de 1,1 millones de km², el mayor bosque seco tropical del mundo y un foco global de deforestación. Los resultados revelan que, a lo largo de 30 años, los impactos espaciales de cada una de las amenazas se extendieron por areas mayores que la superficie deforestada. Esto dio lugar a pérdidas extendidas de áreas seguras y de alta calidad para el jaguar, la comunidad de mamíferos grandes y para todas las facetas de la diversidad de mamíferos. Estos declives sugieren un empobrecimiento biótico generalizado que incluye la pérdida de especies, historia evolutiva y funciones ecológicas en gran parte del Chaco. Ambas amenazas contribuyeron sustancialmente al declive de la biodiversidad, y su importancia relativa varió entre especies y facetas de la biodiversidad. Además, las áreas en las que ambas amenazas sinergizan aumentaron en el tiempo, probablemente exacerbando las pérdidas de biodiversidad. Para cada aspecto de la biodiversidad, identifiqué áreas prioritarias de hábitats seguros y de alta calidad, y focos de alto impacto de las amenazas, que podrían orientar estrategias de conservación complementarias más eficaces, tanto proactivas como reactivas. Esta tesis destaca la importancia de evaluar conjuntamente el impacto de múltiples amenazas a lo largo del tiempo para comprender mejor el impacto de los humanos en la biodiversidad e identificar vías eficaces para mitigarlas.

Prairie dogs (Cynomys sp.) are considered keystone species and ecosystem engineers for their grazing and burrowing activities (summarized here as disturbances). As climate changes and its variability increases, the mechanisms underlying organisms' interactions with their habitat will likely shift. Understanding the mediating role of prairie dog disturbance on vegetation structure, and its interaction with environmental conditions through time, will increase knowledge on the risks and vulnerability of grasslands. Here, we compared how plant taxonomical diversity, functional diversity metrics, and community-weighted trait means (CWM) respond to prairie dog C. mexicanus disturbance across grassland types and seasons (dry and wet) in a priority conservation semiarid grassland of Northeast Mexico. Our findings suggest that functional metrics and CWM analyses responded to interactions between prairie dog disturbance, grassland type and season, whilst species diversity and cover measures were less sensitive to the role of prairie dog disturbance. We found weak evidence that prairie dog disturbance has a negative effect on vegetation structure, except for minimal effects on C4 and graminoid cover, but which depended mainly on season. Grassland type and season explained most of the effects on plant functional and taxonomic diversity as well as CWM traits. Furthermore, we found that leaf area as well as forb and annual cover increased during the wet season, independent of prairie dog disturbance. Our results provide evidence that grassland type and season have a stronger effect than prairie dog disturbance on the vegetation of this short-grass, water-restricted grassland ecosystem. We argue that focusing solely on disturbance and grazing effects is misleading, and attention is needed on the relationships between vegetation and environmental conditions which will be critical to understand semiarid grassland dynamics under future climate change conditions in the region.

Contexte L’orthophonie scolaire vise à favoriser l’éducation inclusive et la réussite éducative de tous les enfants. Pour ce faire, les orthophonistes peuvent travailler avec le personnel enseignant afin de favoriser la participation des enfants et de soutenir leur développement langagier, notamment par la lecture interactive en classe. Cependant, les recherches doivent documenter davantage les retombées de l’implication des orthophonistes dans les services universels. Pour soutenir le personnel enseignant, les orthophonistes peuvent leur offrir du développement professionnel. Les orthophonistes pourraient agir à titre de modèles en classe, ce qui pourrait être une modalité de développement professionnel adaptée à certains milieux de pratique, mais qui demeure peu étudiée. Objectifs Cette thèse vise à documenter l’implication que les orthophonistes peuvent avoir dans les services universels, notamment en soutien à la pratique des enseignants et des enseignantes. Plus spécifiquement, elle vise à : 1) Comprendre les effets de la lecture interactive et d’un programme de développement professionnel, utilisant principalement la modalité du modèle en classe, sur la participation des enfants lors des activités de lecture; 2) Documenter les changements de pratiques enseignantes; et 3) Comprendre comment ce programme de développement professionnel utilisant principalement la modalité du modèle en classe a suscité des changements de pratiques. Méthodologie Dans cette étude, qui s’est déroulée au Québec, 11 enseignantes de maternelle 5 ans ont participé à un programme de développement professionnel et 197 enfants de leur classe ont participé à une intervention consistant en des lectures interactives en classe animées par la doctorante. Une approche de méthodes mixtes avec un devis convergent a été utilisée. Pour le volet quantitatif, un devis quasi-expérimental a été utilisé avec six classes faisant partie d’un groupe expérimental et cinq classes faisant partie d’un groupe contrôle/expérimental en attente. Des analyses de vidéos des enseignantes lors de la lecture ont été réalisées sur les variables de la participation spontanée des enfants, les cibles travaillées par les enseignantes et leurs stratégies d’étayage. Des tests statistiques non paramétriques ont été utilisés. Pour le volet qualitatif, un devis longitudinal a été utilisé. Les enseignantes et 78 enfants ont participé à 3 entrevues individuelles, et les enseignantes ont complété un journal de bord. Ces données ont été analysées avec une analyse thématique réflexive. Résultats 1) D’abord, l’intervention a permis d’augmenter la participation spontanée des enfants lors de la lecture et de changer certaines perceptions des enseignantes et des enfants quant à la participation des enfants lors de la lecture. 2) Ensuite, les enseignantes ont augmenté le nombre de cibles langagières sur lesquelles elles travaillent lors de la lecture, ainsi que leur utilisation de stratégies d’étayage. Leur perception de la lecture a changé, tout comme leur perception de ce que les enfants disent lors des interactions pendant la lecture. 3) Enfin, certains des mécanismes qui ont suscité les changements de pratiques sont distinctifs de la modalité de développement professionnel du modèle en classe et d’autres mécanismes peuvent être opérationnalisés de manière plus flexible dans une diversité de modalités de développement professionnel. Conclusion Les orthophonistes scolaires sont invités à cibler le soutien à la participation des enfants et les stratégies d’étayage comme objectifs lors de leurs interventions en classe. De plus, elles et ils sont invités à considérer le modèle en classe comme modalité de développement professionnel pour les enseignants et enseignantes. / Context School-based speech-language pathology aims to promote inclusive education and educational success in all children. To this end, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) can work with teachers to foster children's participation and support their language development, using approaches such as interactive book reading. However, further research is needed to document the impact of SLPs’ involvement in universal services. SLPs can also provide teachers with professional development to support them. They could act as an in-class model, which may be a professional development modality suited to some practice settings; however, it remains understudied. Objectives This thesis aims to document the involvement of SLPs in universal services, particularly to support teacher practice. Specifically, it aims to: 1) Understand the effects of interactive book reading and a professional development program that primarily used the in-class modeling modality on children's participation in book reading; 2) Document teachers’ changes in practice; and 3) Understand how the professional development program, which primarily used in-class modeling as a modality, led to changes in practice. Methodology This study took place in Quebec, in which 11 kindergarten for 5-year-olds teachers and 197 children from their classes participated in an intervention consisting of interactive book reading in the classroom, facilitated by the doctoral candidate, as well as a professional development program for teachers. A mixed-methods approach with a convergent was used. For the quantitative part, a quasi-experimental design was used, with six classes in the experimental group and five classes in the waiting control/delayed experimental group. Videos of teachers’ book readings were analyzed for the variables of children's spontaneous participation, the target teachers worked on, and their scaffolding strategies. Nonparametric statistical tests were performed. For the qualitative part, a longitudinal design was used. The teachers and 78 children participated in three individual interviews, and the teachers completed a logbook. These data were analyzed using a reflective thematic analysis. Results 1) First, the intervention increased the children's spontaneous participation in reading and changed some of the teachers' and children's perceptions of the children's participation in book reading; 2) Next, teachers increased the number of language targets they worked on during book reading and their use of scaffolding strategies. Their perception of reading has changed, as their perception of what children say in interactions during reading. 3) Finally, some of the mechanisms that have prompted changes in practice are distinctive of the in-class modeling professional development modality, and the other mechanisms can be operationalized more flexibly in a variety of professional development modalities. Conclusion School-based SLPs are invited to consider supporting children's participation in classroom activities and scaffolding strategies as their classroom intervention goals. They are also invited to consider in-class modeling as a professional development modality for teachers.

自我國企業併購法容許以現金作為併購對價後，現金逐出合併即成為我國法制上適法之併購類型。惟現金逐出合併通常為控制股東利用股權優勢，以現金對價剝奪少數股東留存於併購後公司之手段，故控制股東是否濫用資本多數決侵害少數股東權益以獨占併購利益乃成為現金逐出合併上不可忽視之討論重點。 本文以比較日本法之觀點，針對專屬於併購之保護機制及公司法上既有之救濟機制進行比較分析，以釐清及了解現行制度於實際操作上是否確實能夠在現金逐出合併之實行過程中發揮保護少數股東之功能。討論範圍上，前者，包含「資訊揭露制度」與「股份收買請求權」；後者，包含「股東制止請求權」與「爭執併購決議效力之訴訟」。比較內容圍繞在此四項制度於解釋適用上之學說與實務觀點。 除保護機制之討論外，本文另從二階段收購之角度探討少數股東之權益侵害。討論範圍上，主要以與股份收買請求權具有密切關係之控制權溢價分配及公開收購壓迫性兩者作為討論之對象，並從日本法之比較分析觀點，探討是否可透過股份收買請求權使少數股東分享控制權溢價，及解決二階段收購下可能引發之壓迫性問題。 最後，本文針對現行制度提出檢討與建議。在保護機制部分，資訊揭露制度應補強揭露內容與強化非公開發行公司之保護，股份收買請求權應調整目前實務採用之計算方式，股東制止請求權與爭執決議效力之訴訟應作一體性之調整。至於二階段收購部分，則應容許少數股東可分享控制權溢價，並暫以股份收買請求權解決公開收購之壓迫性問題。

The subject of this thesis was to develop project documentation for building construction. It is a new four-storey house with restaurant, situated on the outskirts of the village Bridges at Jablunkova. The building is brick, has a two-level gable and shed roof, consisting of wood roof system. Slope of the parcel on which the house is located, allows the building of the plant into the ground. Because of this it is possible to enter it, either the main entrance to the first floor or building around and over the summer terrace come directly to the restaurant on the second floor. Above it are two more floors for hotel guests only, a total of 10 accommodation units with its own bathroom.

Der wichtigste exzitatorische Neurotransmitter Glutamat spielt eine grosse Rolle in der Gehirnentwicklung, wie neuronale Migration und Synaptogenese. Ob glutamaterge Stimulation für das Überleben entwickelnder Neuronen notwendig ist, war bislang jedoch unbekannt. Um zu untersuchen, ob eine Hemmung von Glutamatrezeptoren im unreifen Gehirn zu Neurodegeneration führt, wurden Ratten im Alter von 1 bis 31 Tagen für 24 Stunden mit dem N-Methyl-D-Aspartat-(NMDA) Glutamatrezeptorantagonisten Dizocilpin (MK801) behandelt. Die Dichte neuronaler Degeneration wurde mikroskopisch in Kupfer-Silber- und TUNEL- gefärbten Hirnschnittpräparaten ermittelt und Unterschiede mittels ANOVA analysiert (Signifikanzniveau p / The predominant excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate plays a major role in certain aspects of neural development. However, whether developing neurons depend on glutamate for survival remains unknown. To investigate if deprivation of glutamate stimulation in the immature mammalian brain causes neuronal cell death (apoptosis), rat pups aged 0 to 30 days were treated for 24 hours with dizocilpine maleate (MK801), an N-methyl-D-aspartate-(NMDA) glutamate receptor antagonist. Density of neural degeneration was evaluated by a stereological dissector method in cupric-silver and TUNEL-stained brain slices. Groups were compared by ANOVA and significance considered at p