Determination of Parenthood - Alexandra Hrušáková Abstract In my thesis "Determination of Parenthood", I focused on the largest area of family law. Everyone's life is influenced by his family the whole life. And there are many consequences connected to the relation between a child and his parents. My topic responds lively to the changes brought by current scientific and technical progress and dynamic development and metamorphoses in our society. I tried to describe it in a complex way, but in order to put accent on the most important segments of this problem. From the times of ancient Rome there exists the principle "mater semper certa est, pater incertus", which means that the identity of the mother is always certain, but the father isn't. However there exist some situations in which the principle could not be so clear. These situations created objective of this thesis. This thesis is divided into ten chapters. In every single chapter I wasn't only working with Czech law, but I also attempted to compare it to legislation of another countries The first chapter called Parenthood and Child is dealing with the theoretical definition of the components of a relation among parents and children and the rights and obligations rising from this relation. The next chapter presents The Right of the child to know his or...

Att behålla sin anställningsbarhet genom hela livet blir allt viktigare i dagens föränderliga arbetsmarknad. De ökande krav som läggs på individen gällande anställningsbarhet kan vara en anledning till att antalet studenter på Sveriges högskolor stadigt ökar. Men frågan är hur viktigt anställbarhet är för studenters studiemotivation. Motivation delas i huvudsak in i två kategorier, inre och yttre motivation (Deci & Ryan, 2000). I en mer detaljerad indelning skiljer man på sex motivationsfaktorer; to know, toward accomplishment, to experience stimulation samt identified, introjected och external regulation (Vallerand m.fl, 1993). Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vilka motivationsfaktorer som påverkar en individs val att börja studera på högskola. Vi har även undersökt om motivationen ser annorlunda ut beroende på respondenterna kön och ålder. Empirin samlades in via en webbenkät som var baserad på Academic Motivation Scale (Vallerand m.fl, 1992), där deltagarna fick skatta till vilken grad de ansåg att respektive påstående motiverat dem i valet att börja studera. Även om marginalerna var små så visade vårt resultat att yttre motivationsfaktorer hade störst påverkan på valet att studera. Identified var den motivationsvariabeln som fick högst värde vilket innebär att man gör någonting för att man har bestämt det, även fast det inte är kul. Att man istället ser handlingen som en nödvändighet eller för att man tror att man kan ha nytta av det i framtiden. Vi fann inga signifikanta skillnader mellan könen. Dock visade vår analys att de fanns signifikanta skillnader i motivationen, men dessa hängde samman med respondenternas ålder. / Maintaining one’s employability throughout their lives is becoming increasingly important in today's labor market, which is in constant change. The increasing demands placed on the individual regarding one´s employability can be a reason why the number of students at Swedish colleges is steadily increasing. But the question is how important is the factor employability for students' student motivation. Motivation can be divided into two categories, internal and external motivation (Deci & Ryan, 2000). In a more detailed division, six motivational factors are distinguished; to know, toward accomplishment, to experience stimulation as well as identified, introjected and external regulation (Vallerand et al., 1992). The purpose of this study was to investigate which motivational factors affect an individual's choice to study at college. We have also investigated whether the motivation appears different depending on the respondents' gender and age. The empirical data was collected via a web survey that was based on Academic Motivation Scale (Vallerand et al., 1992), where the participants estimated in what extent they considered each claim to have motivated them in their choice to start studying. Even though the margin was small our result showed that external motivational factors had the greatest impact on the choice to study. Identified was the motivational variable ranked highest, which means to do something because one has decided to do it although it is not fun. That the activity is seen as necessary or because one believes that doing an activity will be useful in future. We found no significant differences between the sexes. However, our analysis showed that there were significant differences in motivation, but these were related to the respondents' age.

This is an explication of Lacan’s Seminar XVII. The introduction situates the Seminar in its time and in relation to other theories of discourse. In part one I examine the changes which it brings to a variety of ideas already known in Lacan’s oeuvre such as Jouissance, Master Signifier(s) and Oedipus. Part two looks the four discourses in detail after considering the positions common to each. I provide accounts of each discourse as taking place internally to a subject and between subjects. The coda examines areas where further research is possible, reviews and critiques some scholarship on this seminar and inquires into the use value of the discourse theory, both generally and as a means of getting beyond Lacan.

1950 m. Europos Tarybos Žmogaus teisių ir pagrindinių laisvių apsaugos konvencijoje įtvirtintas rinkinys teisių ir laisvių (teisė į gyvybę, kankinimų draudimas, teisė į teisingą teismą, teisė į privataus ir šeimos gyvenimo gerbimą ir kt.), taikomų kiekvienam, esančiam valstybės, ratifikavusios šią Konvenciją, jurisdikcijoje. Tačiau čia nėra išskiriamos vaikų, kaip specifinės socialinės grupės, reikalingos didesnės apsaugos, teisės. Visgi remiantis tuo, kad EŽTK įtvirtintos teisės taikomos „kiekvienam“, teigtina, kad jos taikomos ir vaikams. Šiame darbe autorė siekia atskleisti, kokios teisės yra užtikrinamos vaikams EŽTK 8 straipsnio plotmėje, taip pat tam tikrus, iš šių teisių kylančius, probleminius aspektus. Siekiant šio tikslo, ypač didelis dėmesys skiriamas EŽTT jurisprudencijai, kadangi remiantis šio Teismo praktika ne tik nustatomas tam tikrų teisių turinys ir jo kaita, bet ir atskleidžiama vaiko teisių apsaugai aktuali problematika. Pirmoje šio darbo dalyje bandoma apibrėžti, kas apskritai yra vaikystė, kodėl teisiškai svarbu nustatyti tiek aukštutinę, tiek žemutinę vaiko amžiaus ribas bei koks yra vaiko teisinis statusas. Nagrinėjama įvairi mokslinė literatūra bei įvairūs tarptautiniai ir nacionaliniai teisės aktai atskleidė, kad daugiausia problemų kyla nustatant žemutinę vaiko amžiaus ribą, kadangi šis klausimas tiesiogiai susijęs su abortų reguliavimu. Pagal kai kurių valstybių, tame tarpe ir Lietuvos, teisinį reguliavimą, matyti, kad neretai civilinėje teisėje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The 1950's Convention of European Council on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms establishes a set of rights and fundamental freedoms (the right to life, prohibition of torture, the right to a fair trial, the right to respect for private and family life etc.) applicable to everyone within the jurisdiction of the state that ratified the Convention. Children are a very specific social group, which needs greater protection. However their rights are not distinguished in the Convention. On the basis that the rights enshrined in the ECHR are applicable to „everyone“, it may be maintained that those rights can be applicable to children as well. The author of this work aims to reveal the rights that are guaranteed for children in the context of the article 8 of the ECHR. To this end, particular attention is paid to the jurisprudence of the ECtHR. According to the case law of this Court, it can not only be determined the contents and evolution of specific rights, but also relevant problematic issues for the protection of the rights of a child can be revealed. In the first part of this work the author attempts to define a childhood, to identify both the upper and lower limits of the child's age and the child's legal status. By examining different scientific literature and various international and national legislations it was revealed that most of the problems arise in determining the lower limit of the age of a child, since this issue is directly related to the regulation of... [to full text]

The therapeutic privilege is a defence in terms of which a doctor may withhold information from a patient if disclosure of such information could harm the patient. This study explores the defence of therapeutic privilege and provides a critical evaluation. A comparative investigation is undertaken, while arguments springing from a variety of disciplines are also incorporated. A number of submissions are made for limiting the ambit of the defence. The main submission is that the therapeutic privilege should comply with all the requirements of the defence of necessity. In addition, it should contain some of the safeguards afforded to the patient by the requirements of the defence of negotiorum gestio so that therapeutic privilege is out of the question if medical treatment is administered against the patient's will, or the doctor has reason to believe (or knows) that the patient will refuse to undergo an intended intervention once properly informed. / Jurisprudence / L.L.M. (Jurisprudence)

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:35:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SairoRRS.pdf: 1467723 bytes, checksum: a6906dcea7def2ba6a01bbe8c3cf856e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-17 / This work of research presents an investigation into the knowledge related to the ostensive policing activities of a group of the Rio Grande do Norte State Military Police Captains. This knowledge, which is decisive and part of Brazilian Military Police Constitutional matters, must be taken into consideration when it comes down to planning and putting into force the services related to ostensive public security. Thus, a historical and social analysis about the formation of the police by starting from foreigner experiences down to Rio Grande do Norte s reality, led by such knowledge, was made. Further, studying Brazilian and local scene, this knowledge was analyzed on the ostensive policing activities as for the principles of the Brazilian National Public Security Plan, Brazilian Classification of Occupations / CBO 2002, the reference documents and studies for police graduation Curricular Basis and Matrix; the Variables of Ostensive Policing, as well as some important competences of police service. Arguing that this knowledge is somehow related to what is presented in this work as Orientation Axis to Military Police Service , research tools such as Critical Case Solution and the answers to the Questionnaire on Fundamental Areas of Military Police Service , having in the end six knowledge models related to ostensive policing activities were used within that group. This knowledge can be classified in three distinct categories of connotations within the military police activity: one with reactive/repressive characteristics being the most predominant; the second as preventive; and another one that revealed that the military police activity is being misused for actions and/or missions outside the scope of action of military police / O presente trabalho de pesquisa se prop?s a investigar saberes relativos ?s atividades de policiamento ostensivo de um grupo de Capit?es pertencentes ? Pol?cia Militar do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Esses saberes, que s?o decisivos e em s?ntese integram o conte?do Constitucional da Pol?cia Militar, nas ocasi?es da pr?tica ou dos planejamentos para os servi?os em seguran?a p?blica ostensiva devem ser levados em considera??o. Ent?o, foi realizada uma an?lise hist?rico-social da forma??o da pol?cia a partir da experi?ncia externa at? chegar ? realidade potiguar, tendo como marco orientador a quest?o dos saberes. Aprofundando-se o estudo no ?mbito do cen?rio brasileiro e local se analisou a quest?o dos saberes sobre as atividades de policiamento ostensivo em refer?ncia aos princ?pios do Plano Nacional de Seguran?a P?blica; ? Classifica??o Brasileira de Ocupa??es / CBO 2002; aos documentos e estudos de refer?ncia para forma??o policial as Bases Curriculares e a Matriz Curricular; ?s Vari?veis do Policiamento Ostensivo, bem como a algumas importantes inser??es nas quest?es da compet?ncia para o trabalho policial. Defendendo-se a tese de que esses saberes se relacionam de alguma maneira ? proposta defendida nesta pesquisa sobre Eixos Orientadores do Trabalho Policial Militar , com o grupo de participantes foram trabalhados os instrumentos de pesquisa dos tipos Resolu??o de Casos Cr?ticos e de respostas a Question?rio sobre ?reas Fundamentais do Trabalho Policial Militar , chegandose ? sistematiza??o de seis modelos de saberes relativos ?s atividades de policiamento ostensivo. Esses saberes se caracterizaram em tr?s distintos blocos de conota??es da atividade policial militar: uma mais predominante de caracter?stica reativa e/ou repressiva; uma segunda de car?ter mais preventivo; e uma em terceiro plano que revelou que a atividade policial militar tamb?m ? desviada para a??es/miss?es fora de limites de atua??o da pol?cia militar

This study´s theme is the drive to know (Die Wissentrieb) the impulse to research questions about sex and his own existence, presented by Freud on Three Essays on The Theory of Sexuality. The main objective were recapture Freudian texts to sustain our hypotheses of operational concept in his work. The literature review in Chapter I around education and clinic pointed out to main studies directions on infantile sexuality, drive theory, transfer and culture. In Chapter II, treating key texts on infantile sexuality and infantile sexual theories, Little Hans´ case became representative for research and theories engaged on his curiosity. In Chapter III we did a brief review in the Freudian drive theory in its two moments. Finally, Chapter IV is about knowledge production in the culture and the clinic management that were proposed as drive to know destiny. We found both in the late Freudian texts about culture and religion and in the articles about psychoanalytic technique the investigative character presented by subject. Therefore, we understand psychoanalysis proves a subject to know in the clinic and in the culture what makes drive to know operative on Freudian work. / O tema deste trabalho é a pulsão de saber (Die Wissentrieb), impulso de investigar questões em torno do sexo e da sua própria existência que foi apresentada por Freud nos Três Ensaios sobre a Sexualidade. O objetivo geral foi retomar textos freudianos que sustentassem nossa hipótese de operacionalidade do conceito na sua obra. A revisão bibliográfica realizada no Capítulo I em torno da educação e da clínica apontou indicações de estudos sobre a sexualidade infantil, a teoria da pulsão, a transferência e a cultura. No Capítulo II, ao tratar dos principais textos sobre sexualidade infantil e teorias sexuais infantis, o caso Hans se tornou representativo pela investigação e pelas teorias empreendidas pela sua curiosidade. Já o Capítulo III foi uma breve revisão da teoria das pulsões proposta por Freud, dividida em dois momentos. Por fim, o Capítulo IV versou sobre as produções de conhecimento na cultura e o manejo clínico, propostos como destinos da pulsão de saber. Encontramos tanto nos textos tardios sobre a cultura como nos artigos sobre a técnica o caráter investigativo do sujeito. Sendo assim, entendemos que a psicanálise dá provas de um sujeito saber na clínica e na cultura o que faz da pulsão de saber operativa na obra freudiana.

(Abstract) The diploma thesis deals with the reflection of the right to know one's own origin in the Czech legal order. Knowledge of one's own origin and the right to know one's own origin constitute not only a legal but also a moral and ethical question. The right to know one's own origin (i.e. the right to know one's parents, one's biological family and one's ancestors) is one of the subjective human rights, which belongs to every natural person. This right is more or less reflected in majority of institutes of family law. The thesis analyses the most important of them and indicates how the right to know one's own origin is reflected in these institutes or it is not, although it should be. The work seeks to highlight possible shortcomings of the legislation and tries to propose possible solutions de lege ferenda. There are also stated (for the purposes of comparison) some examples of foreign legislation in cases of some legal institutes. The diploma thesis is based on the legislation effective on the 26th March 2016. It is composed of an introduction, five chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter deals with the right to know one's own origin and its legal regulation in the Czech Republic. It mainly discusses the international conventions that are (in compliance with the Art. 10 of the...

Abstract, Keywords The thesis concerns itself with the analysis of Czech legislation currently in effect with respect to the right to know one's origin. Discussed are the contents of this right, the legislation's addressees, Article 7 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child including the reservations to it made by the Czech Republic. The affected Czech regulations and their reforms are also talked about. Attention is also given to the issue of determining one's parentage. The bulk of the thesis is made up of analyzing the issues of assisted reproduction, surrogacy, adoption, anonymized and confidential childbirths, and baby boxes in regard to protecting the right to know one's origin. The thesis aims to critically evaluate current legislation, point out its shortcomings and suggest possible future development as the right to know one's origin isn't currently being given enough attention. Some of the aforementioned institutes aren't set out in law at all, others give preference to the anonymity of the child's biological parents. Adoption has recently seen some positive development with the recodification of the civil law, however even this is an area that leaves a lot to be desired as there still are certain faults and deficiencies of the legislation. Keywords: Right to know one's origin, assisted...