Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:08:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_maria_helena.pdf: 3081569 bytes, checksum: 160e02182c3b78794b17dff901d45aaf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-27 / The research articulates Psychoanalysis and Education, approaches the teacher-teenager student relationship and discusses its importance for an effective learning. As a central theme, the process of transference and counter-transference is highlighted into the psychoanalytic perspective. The study of transference has as theorical reference Freud s writings in the evolutive context of his work. As the concept of counter-transference has been little explored by Freud, we resorted to some post-Freudian in order to base our study among them we highlight the contributions of Sandor Ferenczi, Paula Heimann, Pierre Fèdida and Luis Cláudio Figueiredo. The transference and counter-transference that con be observed in any interpersonal relationship, gains differentiated importance in the teacher-teenager student context. Based on the conviction that the management of transference and counter-transference in the teacher-teenager student relationship has a positive or negative impact on the learning process, we developed the current qualitative- nature research, by watching and listening teachers and students about their experiences into the school context. The locus of the research was the school of reference in High School Madeiros Francisco of Garanhuns (PE) in Magano neighborhood. As for reached results, according to the teacher s narratives, we found facts indicating positive relationships, based on respect, admiration and friendship bonds. The greatest difficulties pointed by the teachers to establish a good relationship with students were lack of respect, rebellion and aggression. As for teenagers students affectivity permeates their relationship with the teacher and builds positive bonds of admiration, but there also those ones who set apart from the teacher due to the way they are treated and the suspicion provoked by this treatment. Most students show a better performance in subjects with which they have a good relationship with the teacher. The research also intends to contribute to the school community , by promoting a new understanding of factors that may contribute to a better efficiency of the learning process / A pesquisa articula Psicanálise e Educação, trata da relação professor-aluno adolescente e discute sua importância para a efetivação da aprendizagem. Como temática central, destaca-se o processo da transferência e da contratransferência na perspectiva psicanalítica. O estudo da transferência teve como referencial teórico os textos de Freud no contexto evolutivo de sua obra. Como o conceito de contratransferência foi pouco trabalhado por Freud, recorremos a alguns pós-freudianos para fundamentar nosso estudo; dentre estes ressaltamos as contribuições de Sándor Ferenczi, Paula Heimann, Pierre Fèdida e Luís Cláudio Figueiredo. Os processos da transferência e da contratransferência, que podem ser observados em qualquer relacionamento interpessoal, ganham importância diferenciada no âmbito da relação professor-aluno adolescente. Partindo da convicção de que o manejo da transferência e da contratransferência, na relação professor-aluno adolescente, tem um impacto positivo, ou negativo, sobre o processo da aprendizagem, desenvolvemos a presente pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, observando e escutando professores e alunos acerca de suas experiências no contexto escolar. O locus da pesquisa foi a Escola de Referência em Ensino Médio Francisco Madeiros, localizada no município de Garanhuns (PE), no bairro Magano. Quanto aos resultados alcançados, verificamos, nas narrativas dos professores, fatos que indicam relações positivas, alicerçadas no respeito, admiração e vínculos de amizade. As maiores dificuldades indicadas pelos professores para o estabelecimento de uma boa relação com os alunos foram a falta de respeito, a rebeldia e a agressividade. Quanto aos alunos adolescentes, a afetividade permeia suas relações com os professores e constrõe vínculos positivos de admiração, mas existem também aqueles que se distanciam dos professores devido à rigidez com que são tratados e à desconfiança que este tratamento provoca. A maioria dos alunos apresenta um melhor desempenho nas disciplinas com as quais mantêm um bom relacionamento com o professor. A pesquisa pretende também contribuir para a comunidade escolar, favorecendo uma nova forma de entendimento dos fatores que podem concorrer para uma melhor eficácia do processo de aprendizagem

[ES] Los tratamientos térmicos tienen un gran peso en la industria agroalimentaria, siendo el origen de hasta el 80% de las emisiones de CO2 generadas por este sector en algunas regiones. Por esta razón, existe un gran interés en nuevas tecnologías aplicadas a procesos térmicos que puedan alimentarse por electricidad, ya que puede provenir de fuentes de energía renovable y, por tanto, ser neutras en emisiones. En este contexto, la empresa Microbiotech S.L. ha desarrollado la tecnología de Célula Básica de Transferencia de Energía (CBTE), la cual consiste en conducir energía de microondas por un cable coaxial, de forma muy eficiente, hasta el material a calentar, y este tiene las dimensiones óptimas para absorber toda la energía y calentarse de forma homogénea. Este material es un tipo de cerámica, modificada para que absorba la energía de microondas, incrementando su temperatura rápidamente, pero manteniendo la liberación de calor lenta típica de materiales cerámicos. El objetivo de la tesis fue incrementar el estado de desarrollo de esta tecnología en su aplicación para calentar fluidos, caracterizarla más en profundidad y verificar su viabilidad para pasteurización de alimentos líquidos, independientemente de su capacidad para absorber microondas. El primer paso de la investigación se centró en hallar el material más adecuado para esta tecnología, con la premisa de elevar rápido su temperatura, y liberar el calor absorbido lentamente. Se escogió una formulación cerámica con un 50% de SiC como susceptor. Se validó su aplicación como calefactor de aire ofreciendo un 40% de ahorro en comparación con los convencionales. A continuación, tras tres ciclos de ensayo y error, se construyó un prototipo de calentador de fluidos por tecnología CBTE capaz de alcanzar temperaturas de pasteurización, funcionar de forma prolongada y ofreciendo una eficiencia energética del 45%. En tercer lugar, por medio de simulación multifísica, se simularon diversas variables del prototipo. En las simulaciones se encontró un problema de sobrecalentamiento porque, debido al patrón de circulación del fluido, parte de este permanecía más tiempo en contacto con la placa, lo cual se solucionó mediante láminas metálicas que guiaban el paso del fluido. Por último, se analizó la entropía generada por el sistema, examinando la influencia de distintos parámetros, concluyendo que la principal variable afecta al fluido a calentar. En conclusión, se ha conseguido obtener un prototipo de tecnología CBTE para calentar fluidos a temperaturas de pasteurización, se conocen los pasos para mejorarlo en futuras iteraciones gracias a las simulaciones multifísicas, y se conoce la influencia de las distintas variables en la generación de entropía. / [CA] Els tractaments tèrmics tenen una gran importancia en la indústria agroalimentària, sent l'origen de fins al 80% de les emissions de CO2 generades per aquest sector en algunes regions. Per aquesta raó, hi ha un gran interès en noves tecnologies aplicades a processos tèrmics que puguin alimentar-se per electricitat, ja que pot provenir de fonts d'energia renovable i per tant, ser neutres en emissions. En aquest context, l'empresa Microbiotech S.L. ha desenvolupat la tecnologia de Cèl·lula Bàsica de Transferència d'Energia (CBTE), la qual consisteix en conduir energia de microones per un cable coaxial, de forma molt eficient, fins el material a escalfar. Aquest material és un tipus de ceràmica, modificada perquè absorbeixi l'energia de microones, incrementant la seua temperatura ràpidament, però mantenint l'alliberament de calor lenta típica de materials ceràmics. L'objectiu de la tesi va ser incrementar l'estat de desenvolupament d'aquesta tecnologia en la seua aplicació per escalfar fluids, i caracteritzar-la més en profunditat. El primer pas de la investigació es va centrar en trobar el material més adequat per a aquesta tecnologia, amb la premissa d'elevar ràpid la seua temperatura, i alliberar la calor absorbida lentament. Es va escollir una formulació ceràmica amb un 50% de SiC com susceptor. Es va validar la seua aplicació com calefactor d'aire oferint un 40% d'estalvi en comparació amb els convencionals. A continuació, després de tres cicles d'assaig i error, es va construir un prototip d'escalfador de fluids per tecnologia CBTE capaç d'assolir temperatures de pasteurització, funcionar de forma prolongada i oferint una eficiència energètica del 45%. En tercer lloc, per mitjà de simulació multifísica, es van simular diverses variables del prototip. En les simulacions es va trobar un problema de sobreescalfament perquè, a causa del patró de circulació del fluid, part d'aquest romania més temps en contacte amb la placa, la qual cosa es va solucionar mitjançant làmines metàl·liques que guiaven el pas del fluid. Finalment, es va analitzar l'entropia generada pel sistema, examinant la influència de diferents paràmetres, concloent que la principal variable es el fluid a escalfar. En conclusió, s'ha aconseguit obtenir un prototip de tecnologia CBTE per escalfar fluids, es coneixen els passos per millorar-lo en futures iteracions gràcies a les simulacions multifísicas, i es coneix la influència de les diferents variables en la generació d'entropia. / [EN] Thermal treatments have a great impact in the agri-food industry, being the origin of up to 80% of the CO2 emissions generated by this sector in some regions. For this reason, there is great interest in new technologies applied to thermal processes that can be powered by electricity, since it can come from renewable energy sources and therefore be neutral in emissions. In this context, the company Microbiotech S.L. has developed the Basic Cell of Energy Transference (BCET) technology, which consists of conducting microwave energy through a coaxial cable, very efficiently, to the material to be heated. This material is a ceramic, modified to absorb microwave energy, increasing its temperature rapidly, but maintaining the slow release of heat typical of ceramic materials. The objective of the thesis was to increase the state of development of this technology in its application to heat fluids, and to characterize it more in depth. The first step of the research focused on finding the most suitable material for this technology, with the premise of rapidly raising its temperature, and releasing the absorbed heat slowly. A ceramic formulation with 50% SiC was chosen as a susceptor. Its application as an air heater was validated, offering 40% savings compared to conventional ones. Then, after three cycles of trial and error, a prototype fluid heater was built using CBTE technology capable of reaching pasteurization temperatures, operating for a long time and offering an energy efficiency of 45%. Third, by means of multiphysics simulation, various variables of the prototype were simulated. In the simulations, an overheating problem was found because, due to the flow pattern of the fluid, part of it remained in contact with the plate for longer, which was solved by means of metal sheets that guided the passage of the fluid. Finally, the entropy generated by the system was analysed, examining the influence of different parameters, concluding that the main variable is the fluid to be heated. In conclusion, it has been possible to obtain a prototype of BCET technology to heat fluids, the steps to improve it in future iterations thanks to multiphysics simulations are known, and the influence of the different variables in the generation of entropy has been analysed. / Alcañiz Cosín, D. (2021). Implementación de células calefactoras alimentadas por microondas para mejora energética y eliminación de combustibles fósiles en procesos de calentamiento de fluidos alimentarios [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/163249 / TESIS

[pt] Nesta dissertação foram estudadas as propriedades ópticas, eletroquímicas, elétricas e morfológicas de novos compostos fluorescentes para o desenvolvimento de OLEDs. Para isto, foram estudadas algumas sondas moleculares fluorescentes utilizadas na área biomédica como agentes antitumorais e marcadores ópticos fluorescentes: a) N,N - diisonicotinoil-2-hidroxi-5 metilisoftaldeído diidrazona (DMD); b) 2-(5 -isotiocianato-2 -hidroxifenil)benzoxazol, (5ONCS); c) 1,1 -dipireno (DIPI) e d) 7,7 -terc-butil-1,1- dipireno (TDIPI). Todos estes compostos foram sintetizados por Grupos de pesquisa brasileiros e depositados termicamente em forma de filmes finos no nosso Laboratório. No decorrer do estudo de fabricação dos OLEDs, os dispositivos bicamada baseados no DMD e no 5ONCS se mostraram pouco eficientes devido principalmente à baixa condutividade do DMD e à elevada rugosidade da camada de 5ONCS. A solução destes problemas foi encontrada na técnica de codeposição, que consiste na evaporação simultânea de uma matriz orgânica e de um dopante (DMD ou 5ONCS) numa única camada. Desta forma, foi possível alcançar um aumento da mobilidade das cargas nas camadas co-depositadas alem de favorecer a transferência de energia da matriz para o dopante. Os OLEDs fabricados nestas condições permitiram observar, pela primeira vez, a eletroluminescência dos compostos DMD e 5ONCS. Já os OLEDs baseados nas moléculas DIPI e TDIPI apresentaram eletroluminescência sem a necessidade da co-deposição. Em particular, no caso do OLED baseado no TDIPI foi possível alcançar uma luminância de 1430 cd/m2 com uma eficiência de 2,65 porcento a 1mA. Os resultados deste trabalho evidenciam a potencialidade do uso destes materiais para a fabricação de OLEDs para aplicações na área de iluminação. / [en] In this study the optical, electrochemical, electrical and morphological properties of new fluorescent compounds were studied in order to develop OLEDs based upon these materials. For this purpose some fluorescent molecular probes used in the biomedical field as antitumor agents and fluorescent optical probes were studied: a) N,N diisonicotinoyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylisophthalaldehyde dihydrazone (DMD ), b) 2 - (5 -isothiocyanato -2-hydroxyphenyl) benzoxazole ( 5ONCS ), c) 1,1 - dipyrene (DIPI) and d) 7,7 -tertbutyl- 1,1-dipyrene (TDIPI ). All these compounds were synthesized by Brazilian research groups and then thermally deposited as thin films in our Laboratory. During the study for the fabrication of OLEDs, bilayer devices based on DMD and 5ONCS proved to have low efficiency mainly due to the low conductivity of the DMD and the high roughness of the 5ONCS layer. The solution of these problems was found in the codeposition technique, which consists in the simultaneous evaporation of an organic matrix (host) and a dopant (guest) (5ONCS or DMD) in a single layer. Thus, it was possible to achieve an increase in the charge mobility in the co-deposited layers as well as energy transfer from the guest to the host. The OLEDs fabricated in these conditions allowed the observation, for the first time, of the electroluminescence of DMD and 5ONCS. On the other hand, the DIPI and TDIPI based OLEDs presented good electroluminescence without the need for co-deposition. In particular, in the case of the TDIPI it was possible to achieve a luminance of 1430 cd/m2 with an efficiency of 2.65 percent at 1 mA. The results of this work showed the potential of these materials for the fabrication of OLEDs for lighting applications.

Orientador: Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi / Resumo: O treinamento resistido tem sido estudado no contexto do envelhecimento e da doença de Parkinson, mas há falta de exploração das características deste tipo de treinamento que contribuem na melhora da locomoção e da funcionalidade. A pergunta central desta tese é: Quais características do treinamento resistido no contexto do envelhecimento saudável e da doença de Parkinson permitem potenciar seus efeitos no desempenho locomotor? Para responder este questionamento foram desenvolvidos dois estudos. ESTUDO 1. Novos modelos de periodização do treinamento, como a periodização ondulatória e a periodização inversa, têm sido desenvolvidos, mas não há evidências sobre as vantagens da periodização ondulatória quando comparada com a periodização linear em idosos. Por outro lado, a periodização inversa não tem sido testada em idosos. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os efeitos de dois treinamentos de força com periodizações diferentes na locomoção de idosos saudáveis. Participaram 69 idosos (70,23±6,81 anos, 72,58±5,51 Kg, 162,26±5,92 cm), cognitivamente preservados (27,40±1,20 pontos Mini-Exame de Estado Mental) e fisicamente ativos (12,64±3,15 pontos Baecke). A amostra foi distribuída em três grupos, grupo de treinamento de força com periodização inversa ondulatória (GPIO n=25), grupo de treinamento de força com periodização linear (GPL n=25) e grupo controle (GC n=19). Foram realizadas 20 semanas de treinamento resistido, 2 dias na semana, mais 1 dia de treinamento loc... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Resistance training has been studied in the context of aging and Parkinson's disease, but there is a lack of exploration of the characteristics of this type of training that contribute to the improvement of locomotion and functionality. The central question of this thesis is: What characteristics of resistance training in the context of healthy aging and Parkinson's disease allow to enhance its effects on locomotor performance? To answer this question two studies were developed. STUDY 1. New models of training periodization, such as undulating periodization and inverse periodization, have been developed, but there is no evidence about the advantages of wave periodization compared to linear periodization in the elderly. On the other hand, inverse periodization has not been tested in the elderly. Thus, the aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of two strength training with different periodizations on the mobility of healthy elderly. Participants were 69 elderly (70.23 ± 6.81 years, 72.58 ± 5.51 Kg, 162.26 ± 5.92 cm), cognitively preserved (27.40 ± 1.20 points Mini Mental State Examination) and physically active (12.64 ± 3.15 Baecke points). The sample was divided into three groups, strength training group with inverse undulating periodization (IUPG n = 25), force training group with linear periodization (LPG n = 25) and control group (CG n = 19). We performed 20 weeks of resistance training, 2 days a week, plus 1 day of locomotor training. GPIO performed a decreas... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Coetzee's own experience of living in apartheid South Africa provides the backdrop for novels infused with sardonic irony and rich metaphoric systems. In modes of metafiction that emphasize the destructive and violent nature of language, he optimizes his unique oeuvre to interrogate global, national and domestic power relations. This dissertation relies on psychoanalytical theories that examine microstructures of power within the individual, and in his domestic domain. Each of Coetzee's chief protagonists carries a secret related to a dysfunctional mother/son relationship. This hampers their psychosocial dynamics, their masculinity and sexuality. As they respectively strive toward an elusive new life they confront patriarchal power structures that speak on behalf of individuals, '[whose] descent into powerlessness [is] voluntary' (Coetzee 2007: 4-5). Coetzee's constructed white males perform their several identity roles in milieux that span divergent phases of colonial history. His critique points to white patriarchal hegemonic ideological discourses that bespeak the self/other dichotomy in a postcolonial world where the language of dominance supports an oppressive status quo. / English Studies / M.A. (English)

This study explores Cummins' interdependence hypothesis in the South African context. The design is experimental, involving Zulu primary language writing instruction to explore whether skills taught in Zulu composition classes transfer into English expository writing. The intervention and control groups were drawn from two ex-Model C high schools and the focus was on measuring use of coherence and cohesion in English essays. Quantitative findings showed, although the intervention group's writing skills did not improve significantly, they did not decline. By contrast, the control group's writing skills declined significantly. A more qualitative investigation of the corpus supports the statistical findings. However, because of the limitations of this study, more research is required into Cummins' hypothesis, bilingual programmes and teaching academic writing skills in African languages. It is hoped that this research design will benefit future researchers investigate the current debate about the efficacy of bilingual and multilingual approaches to education. / Linguistics / M. A. (Applied Linguistics)

La notion de cause est l’alpha et l’oméga de l’Éthique. Mais elle apparaît principalement de manière oblique : à travers « l’idée d’une cause extérieure » qui accompagne les passions dérivées. La cause, imaginée de façon assignable, n’est en fait plus assignable. L’individu étant complexe, il est difficile de démêler ce qui lui arrive de l’extérieur, de ce qui est produit par l’intérieur. Dans la passion, on se modifie à son insu pour devenir un sujet de ce qui lui arrive, et comprend la cause de ce changement sous la forme d’un récit. Cette dynamique imaginaire, nous l’appelons « causalité imaginaire » et nous l’expliquons en termes mécaniques. Nous dégageons d’abord l’essentiel de la mécanique spinoziste : la positivité ontologique de chaque idée (nature agissante) ; la multiplicité des référentiels qui se croisent en une seule et même nature (enveloppement) ; et le concept d’individu originairement composé (emboîtement des individus). La coexistence de ces référentiels autour d’un seul, voilà ce qui constitue la structure de la causalité imaginaire, et la variation de leur proportion, son contenu effectif. Conformément à cette structure, nous appliquons le « conatus », principe d’autoconservation, en premier aux idées ou affects, pour montrer que le désir, essence actuelle de l’homme, est un complexe d’affects qui, individus eux-mêmes, médiatisent l’influence des autres. Il en résulte que la causalité imaginaire est la causalité mécanique elle-même, relative aux individus complexes. Enfin, tout en nous référant à la causalité psychique freudienne, nous tentons d’esquisser un nouveau concept d’Inconscient, comme rapport sans sujet ou structure sans centre. / The notion of cause is the alpha and omega of Ethics. But it appears mostly in an oblique way: through "the idea of ​​an external cause" that accompanies the derived passions. The cause, imagined assignable, is actually no more assignable. As the individual is complex, it is difficult to disentangle what is happening in it from the exterior, from what is produced by the interior. In passion, one is modified unwittingly to become a subject of what happens to him, and understand the cause of this change under the form of a story. This imaginary dynamics, I call it "imaginary causality" and explain it in mechanical terms. I establish first the key features of Spinoza’s mechanics: the ontological positivity of each idea (acting nature); the multiplicity of referential frames that intersect at a single nature (envelopment); and the concept of the individual as originally composed (nesting individuals). The coexistence of these referential frames around only one of them, this is precisely what constitutes the structure of imaginary causality, and the variation of their proportion, its actual content. In accordance with this structure, I apply "conatus", self-preservation principle, to ideas or affects at first, to show that desire, actual essence of a man, is a complex of affects which, as individuals themselves, mediate the influence of others. It turns out that imaginary causality is the very mechanical causality, concerning the complex individuals. Finally, while I refer to Freudian psychic causality, I attempt to outline a new concept of the unconscious: as relation without a subject or structure without a center.

Ce travail de recherche prend sa source dans mes diverses expériences professionnelles, sur plus de dix ans, en tant que psychologue clinicienne et psychanalyste en formation, exerçant avec des enfants, des adolescents, leurs familles ainsi qu’avec des adultes. Il s’agit d’une clinique particulière puisqu’elle a été recueillie au Liban, un pays qui a une histoire difficile à cerner, ponctuée de guerres et parsemée de violences. Un pays qui est marqué par un système de résonance et d’écho entre les traumas individuels et les rapports aux traumas collectifs. Cette recherche porte plus précisément sur une population bien définie puisqu’elle est exclusivement constituée d’ex-enfants, puis ex-adolescents de la guerre de 1975 à 1991 ayant vécu dans l’ex-Beyrouth-Est, puis devenus désormais adultes. Elle est aussi caractérisée par le fait qu’une fois le travail de la cure est bien avancé, j’ai pu comprendre que j’avais durant mon enfance puis mon adolescence, partagé, des tranches de vie avec mes patients. Ces moments étaient des vécus de guerre traumatiques. En effet, mes patients adultes, les parents des petits en cure et moi-même, nous-nous sommes trouvés aux mêmes endroits, et nous avons vécu aux mêmes moments, seuls, loin des adultes, les mêmes événements de guerre. Il s’agit d’une réflexion qui englobe au final, quatre générations. Je m’interroge sur la qualité du lien qui existerait entre la question des particularités du travail d’élaboration de situations de traumatismes personnels et de traumatismes familiaux au sein de thérapies d’enfants. Mon interrogation porte également sur le type d’intéraction qu’il y aurait entre le trauma spécifique du parent ex-enfant de la guerre et celui du trauma collectif propre à un pays en guerre. Comment ceci se joue-t-il dans la cure et avec le thérapeute de l’enfant (génération 1) né après la guerre ? Je m’interroge, d’une part, sur les modalités défensives des parents (génération 2) et les particularités des traumatismes personnels internes qui survenaient en écho avec des traumatismes familiaux entremêlés et emboîtés aux traumatismes cumulatifs collectifs/sociaux. D’autre part, je me questionne à propos de la psyché parentale qui me semblait figée, envahie, prisonnière d’un « entre-deux intérieur/extérieur-non-humain, fantasme/réalité », aux liens forts et inapparents qui semblaient inexistants mais desquels ils ne pouvaient pas se libérer à l’âge adulte. Je me demande si les enfants (génération 1) nés après la guerre, ne seraient pas pour leurs parents (génération 2), réduits à un symptôme ; symptôme que ces derniers n’auraient pas eu la possibilité de porter durant leur vécu infantile. L’enfant (génération 1) ne serait-il pas le porteur du « clivé parental » ? Je me demande finalement si les parents (génération 2) pourraient avoir accrédité, lors de l’entretien qui fixe le cadre, le contrat muet ou pacte suivant : « nous savons/vous savez ce que nous avons/vous avez vécu dans notre/votre enfance : on le pose là et on n’en parle pas ». Même si ce pacte n’a pas été explicité verbalement, la transmission s’établissait d’une autre manière : au-delà du langage. C’est pour cette raison qu’en confiant leur enfant, ces parents (génération 2) parvenaient enfin et pour la première fois, à confier l’enfant en eux à une personne qui « saurait », qui « serait passée par là » et qui a « les mots pour l’exprimer ». Pour essayer de répondre à mes interrogations, je tente d’introduire et d’expliquer une modalité particulière de vivre le cadre analytique : il s’agirait d’une co-construction, avec le patient d’un cadre. Ce cadre serait comme une piste de danse propice à la mise en place d’une « chorégraphie de la cure » qui permettrait à l’analyste et son patient de « danser avec la cure ». Ceci sous-entend un mouvement de rythmicité, un rapproché, un va et viens nécessaire à l’évolution.... / This research is rooted in my various professional experiences over more than a decade as a clinical psychologist and psychoanalyst in training, dealing with children, adolescents, their families as well as adults. This relates to a particular type of clinical work since the data for this study was collected in Lebanon, a country that has an elusive history, punctuated by wars and scattered violence; a country that is characterized by a resonating and echoing system between individual trauma and collective traumas. This study refers more precisely to a well-defined population, consisting exclusively of former children and adolescents of the 1975-1991 Lebanese war having lived and grown up in the former East Beirut. The study is also characterized by the fact that, once the analytic cure was well advanced, I was able to understand that I experienced, during my childhood and my adolescence, similar shared moments with my patients pertaining to traumatic experiences resulting from the war. In fact, my adult patients, the parents of the children in psychotherapy as well as myself, found ourselves as children and adolescents in the same places, experiencing the same epoche, alone, and away from adults (our parents or teachers), the same violent and destructive war events. This is a reflection that pertains to four generations. I wonder as to the quality of the links that exist between the peculiarities of the elaborative work of personal traumatic experiences and family traumas within the context of child psychotherapy. My interrogations also relate to the possible type of interaction existing between the specific trauma of the parent who is an ex-child (and ex-adolescent) of the war and the collective trauma that is specific to a country at war. I question in part the nature of the defense modalities of parents (generation 2) And the particularities of inner personal traumas that occur as an echo to family’s trauma, intertwined and interlocked with cumulative and collective social trauma. Moreover, I question why the parental psyche seems frozen, as if invaded, a prisoner “in a “no man’s land”, an undefined territory internal/external- non-human, fantasy/reality”, I also wonder about the strong, hidden links that seemed to glue up the members of a family. Those links or particular ways to live the attachment seemed, at first, apparently nonexistent but paradoxically they were extremely present in the sessions. The adults seamed unable to free themselves from this chain. I wonder if the children (generation 1) born after the war, are not, in the parental psyche (generation 2) reduced to a symptom – a symptom that the parents (generation 2) could not have had the opportunity to carry during their own childhood. Therefore, the child (generation 1) would be the bearer of "parental splitting"? I finally question the setting and wonder if the parents (generation 2) may not have accredited during our first encounter the « psychoanalytic » framework with the following dumb contract or agreement: "we know/you know what we/you have lived in our/ your childhood: we leave it aside and we do not talk about it at all. " Although the pact has not been explained verbally, transmission seemed to have been established in a « non-verbal communication. It may be for this reason that, the parents (generation 2) felt sufficiently at ease to try and place, for the first time in their lives, the suffering “child in them” in what they might have felt as being the securing, healing and soothing arms of “someone” who can be there for them; “someone” who has known what they have encountered because he is not a total stranger to their childhood experiences, “someone” who has the words and the capacity to talk about these unpleasant things; someone who may be able to express the “unspeakable experiences” with simple words ....

Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a influência da geometria de suspensão do veículo nas atitudes da massa suspensa. Apresenta um confronto entre obras e autores e está segmentada em três partes; onde na primeira parte são definidos os conceitos básicos como dive, squat, lift, anti-dive, anti-squat, anti-lift e equivalente trailing-arm; na segunda parte são apresentadas as limitações e os novos conceitos definidos por R. S. Sharp e na terceira parte é apresentado o modelo dinâmico bidimensional introduzido por Fu-Cheng Wang. Apresenta um modelo virtual em sistema de multi-corpos desenvolvido no programa ADAMS, com todos os subsistemas que compõe um veículo completo. Inova ao trazer como objeto de estudo um veículo de competição (fórmula SAE) que possui como particularidade o sistema de suspensão push-rod. Surpreende com os resultados obtidos, pois, contrariam os conceitos básicos encontrados na maioria dos livros / This work has objective study the influence of suspension geometry on the sprung mass attitudes. It presents a confrontation among works and authors and this segmented in three parts; where in the first part the basic concepts are defined, dive, squat, lift, anti-dive, anti-squat, anti-lift and equivalent trailing-arm; in the second part the limitations are presented and the new concepts are defined for R. S. Sharp and in the third part are presented the bidimensional dynamic model introduced by Fu-Cheng Wang. It presents a virtual model in system of multi-bodies developed in the program ADAMS, with all the subsystems that composes a complete vehicle. It innovates when bringing such object to study one vehicle of competition (formula SAE) that it has a particularity suspension system push-rod. It surprises with results because it’s opposite of the basic concepts which is present in the majority of books

The transition from fossil fuels to renewable resources has created more demand for energy storage devices. Lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries have attracted much attention due to their high theoretical energy densities. They, however, are still in their infancy and several fundamental challenges remain to be addressed. Advanced analytical techniques have revealed that all components of a Li-O2 battery undergo undesirable degradation during discharge/charge cycling, contributing to reduced cyclability. Despite many attempts to minimize the anode and cathode degradation, the electrolyte remains as the leading cause for rapid capacity fading and poor cyclability in Li-O2 batteries. In this dissertation, composite gel polymer electrolytes (cGPEs) consisting of a UV-curable polymer, tetragylme based electrolyte, and glass microfibers with a diameter of ~1 µm and an aspect ratio of >100 have been developed for their use in Li-O2 battery application. The Li-O2 batteries containing cGPEs showed superior charge/discharge cycling for 500 mAh.g-1 cycle capacity with as high as 400% increase in cycles for cGPE over gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs). Results using in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the source of the improvement was the reduction of the rate of lithium carbonates formation on the surface of the cathode. This decrease in formation rate afforded by cGPE-containing batteries was possible due to the decrease of the rate of electrolyte decomposition. The increase in solvated to the paired Li+ ratio at the cathode, afforded by increased lithium transference number, helped lessen the probability of superoxide radicals reacting with the tetraglyme solvent. This stabilization during cycling helped prolong the cycling life of the batteries. The effect of ion complexes on the stability of liquid glyme based electrolytes with various lithium salt concentrations has also been investigated for Li-O2 batteries. Charge/discharge cycling with a cycle capacity of 500 mAh·g-1 showed an improvement as high as 300% for electrolytes containing higher lithium salt concentrations. Analysis of the Raman spectroscopy data of the electrolytes suggested that the increase in lithium salt concentration afforded the formation of cation-solvent complexes, which in turn, mitigated the tetragylme degradation.