Esta tese busca discutir sobre algumas concepções teóricas de cidade no período do Renascimento. Consideramos que a gênese desta ideia foi, na teoria da arquitetura, com o tratado de Leon Battista Alberti. Durante o século XVI as diversas ideias de cidade apresentam várias faces: desde a arquitetura e urbanismo, passando pela literatura utópica, até os tratados de politica e governo. Para essa tese analisamos obras de Leon Battista Alberti, Antonio di Pietro Averlino, Francesco di Giorgio Martini, Ludovico Agostini, Raffaello Sanzio, Claudio Tolomei, Francisco de Holanda e o Inca Garcilaso de la Vega. O tema da cidade é analisado através das obras destes autores, dentre os mais significativos sobre o tema ao longo dos séculos XV e XVI na Europa e América. Concluímos com uma síntese do que entendemos como a ideia de cidade do Renascimento, ressaltando que são múltiplas e complexas como o são os próprios autores e realidades. / This Ph.D. thesis discuss about some theoretical conceptions of city in the Renaissance. Considering that the genesis of this idea into the architectural theory started with the Leon Battista Alberti\'s treatise, and developed during the 15th century with the treatises from Antonio di Pietro Averlino and Francesco di Giorgio Martini. During the 16th century the theories of city have many faces: since the theory of architecture and urbanism, passing to utopiac literature, arriving in treatises of politics and government. In this Ph.D. thesis we analyze works of Leon Battista Alberti, Antonio di Pietro Averlino, Francesco di Giorgio Martini, Ludovico Agostini, Raffaello Sanzio, Claudio Tolomei, Francisco de Holanda and the Inca Garcilaso de la Vega. The theme of the city is examined through the works of these authors, the most significants on the subject during the 15th and 16th centuries in Europe and America. We conclude with an essay, expressing what we understand as the idea of Renaissance city, as multiple and complex as the authors and them realities.

Francesco Geminiani was highly regarded as a violinist, composer, and theorist during the late Baroque era. During his lifetime he was considered equalin status to the foremost composers of the day; however, relatively little information is available regarding his life and works today. This lack of information is largely a result of controversy among his peers regarding the merit of his work, specifically in reference to melodic style, structural consistency and harmonic practices. Critical views of such authors as Sir John Hawkins and Charles Burney have been reflected in later historical writings, considerably suppressing further interest in the composer. The first objective of this thesis is the examination of Geminianis 1752 treatise, Guida Armonica, its content, and implications for potential harmonic and structural functions. The second objective is to identify specific characteristics of Geminianis music that distinguish him from other composers of the period. Comparative analyses of selected movements by Geminiani and his teacher, Arcangelo Corelli, identify traits unique to Geminiani. The third objective of this project is to explore possible relationships between the work of Geminiani and the content presented in Guida Armonica. It is the intent of this study to provide expanded information about Guida Armonica and Geminiani’s compositional style, identify possible parallels between the music and treatise, and explore how the distinguishing stylistic details of his work may correlate with the criticisms he faced.

This thesis considers the anonymously published Epistola de terrae motu and the question of its authorship. The authorship of this treatise was attributed to G. J. Rheticus by Reijer Hooykaas in a publication released in 1984; however, that attribution is not decisive. The first chapter introduces De terrae motu and is followed by a second chapter that contains a review of the relevant historiography relating to scholarship on Rheticus. The third chapter presents Rheticus’ biography. The fourth chapter considers the inconclusive reasoning for the attribution of authorship to Rheticus. The fifth and sixth chapters consider the environment of scriptural hermeneutics in the early modern period, both theoretically and with recourse to specific texts, respectively. The seventh chapter concludes this thesis with a synthesis of the arguments herein which ultimately indicate that it is conceivable that Rheticus wrote De terrae motu but an early seventeenth-century Catholic author is more likely.

Inaug.-diss.--Erlangen. / Cover title. Vita.

Dans la littérature arabo-islamique médiévale, le thème de l’amour a été traité par un grand nombre d’ouvrages en prose. Un véritable genre littéraire des traités d’amour courtois s’est développé à partir du IIIe/IXe siècle. Si les débuts et l’“âge d’or” du genre ont déjà fait l’objet d’études, ses développements tardifs demeurent encore inexplorés. Le Wāḍiḥ al-mubīn fī ḏikr man ustušhida min al-muḥibbīn, écrit par Muġulṭāy (762/1361), présente à ce titre des caractères originaux. A travers l’analyse littéraire de ce texte, il apparaît en effet que le Wāḍiḥ, tout en s’appuyant sur le patrimoine littéraire sur l’amour courtois qui le précède, se fait porteur d’une conception tout à fait nouvelle du Ýišq (amour-passion) ainsi que d’une théorie originale du martyre par amour. Par les déclarations mêmes de son auteur, de même que par sa structure et par son contenu, l’ouvrage se présente comme un manuel de comportement à suivre. La conception de l’amour que l’ouvrage sous-tend constitue donc un véritable tournant dans l’histoire du genre. Le Wāḍiḥ est le seul ouvrage de ce type à avoir été censuré. Les raisons de l’hostilité que l’ouvrage a rencontrée auprès des autorités mameloukes sont à rechercher dans la “théorie de l’amour” prônée par Muġulṭāy. Elle ne se dégage pas seulement de sa longue introduction, mais transparaît aussi dans la comparaison entre les notices du Wāḍiḥ et celles d’autres ouvrages du patrimoine arabo-islamique médiéval. Tout en rapportant des aḫbār très connus, Muġulṭāy réussit à les refondre de manière novatrice. Il présente ses histoires d’amour et de mort comme matière à édifier ses lecteurs. Le comportement des amants mentionnés dans le Wāḍiḥ, qu’ils soient les victimes de l’amour profane (hétérosexuel ou homosexuel) ou de l’amour de Dieu, est toujours présenté comme exemplaire. Ses martyrs deviennent dès lors des modèles de conduite à suivre par tout bon musulman. / In medieval Arabic Islamic literature, the topic of love was treated in a quite big number of prose works. A true literary genre of courtly love treatises started to develop from the 3rd/9th century. While the first period and the “golden age” of this genre have already been quite intensely studied, its later development remains still unexplored. The al-Wāḍiḥ al-mubīn fī ḏikr man ustušhida min al-muḥibbīn written by Muġulṭāy (762/1361), even though it has its place among the treatises of this genre, has its own special features. The analysis of the text shows that, even if it is based on the traditional literary background of courtly love, the Wāḍiḥ defends a very new notion of passionate love and an original theory of martyrdom of love. Muġulṭāy presents his work as a handbook of good behaviour. A confirmation of this intention is to be found in the structure and the content of his treatise. Muġulṭāy’s approach of courtly love represents then a real turning point in the history of the gender. The Wāḍiḥ is the only courtly love treatise that has been censored by political and religious authorities. The reasons of the interdiction that has stricken the book are probably to be sought in Muġulṭāy’s theory of love. The author explains his theory’s main features in the introduction, but also in lover’s stories as the comparison between the aḫbār in the Wāḍiḥ and others books of Arabic literature shows. Even if the stories are very well known and have been told again and again, the fact that Muġulṭāy is presenting his histories like edification matter for his reader changes them in something really new. No difference is made between his lovers who can be the victims of God love as well as of profane love (heterosexual or homosexual). They are all martyrs and became the models of the behaviour that has to be followed by every good Muslim.

No description available.

Sein und Zeit est une Abhandlung, un « traité ». Si à aucun moment il ne donne de ce statut, qu’il revendique pourtant explicitement, une définition expresse, Sein und Zeit le fonde cependant dans sa propre structure méréologique, c’est-à-dire dans l’articulation, en lui, d’un tout et de parties. Cette structure ne se limite pas à la division textuelle de l’ouvrage en parties, sections, chapitres et paragraphes. Mais elle implique plus profondément la concordance de ces divisions textuelles et de celles de la chose même, c’est-à-dire du Dasein, dont la structure : l’être-au-monde, fait elle-même l’objet d’une tripartition. Il en résulte un risque, conjointement textuel et ontologique, de fragmentation, qui s’avère en définitive inhérent à l’acte même de détermination. Ce serait donc l’acte problématique de déterminer le Dasein qui, s’approfondissant en problème méréologique, confèrerait à Sein und Zeit sa structure de traité. Notre propos est alors de montrer que le traité de 1927 permet d’interpréter son inachèvement précisément à partir de sa structure de traité – c’est-à- dire à partir d’un projet méréologique de détermination qui, parce qu’il culmine dans la découverte d’une indétermination constitutive, n’autorise plus aucune articulation du tout et des parties, et qui, pourtant, ne peut ou ne veut abandonner la structure de traité qu’il avait initialement adoptée. / “Sein und Zeit” is a Abhandlung, a “treatise”. Even though it never gives an express definition of this status, which it claims yet explicitly, “Sein und Zeit” founds it nevertheless on its own mereological structure, in other words on the articulation of a whole and its parts. This structure isn’t limited to a textual division of the work into parts, sections, chapters and paragraphs. At a deeper level, it implies the concordance of these textual divisions and those of the thing itself, that is to say those of the Dasein, whose structure: being-in-the-world, is itself the object of a tripartition. As a result, there’s a risk of fragmentation, both textual and ontological, which turns out to be inherent in the very act of determination. Thus, it would be the problematic act of determining the Dasein, which, by going deeper into the mereological problem, would give to “Sein und Zeit” its treatise structure. Consequently, our purpose is to show that the treatise of 1927 allows to interpret its incompletion precisely on the basis of its treatise structure – that is to say on the basis of a merelogical project of determination which doesn’t authorize an articulation of a whole and of its parts because it reaches its highest point with the discovery of a constituent indetermination, and which nevertheless can’t or doesn’t want to abandon the treatise structure it had initially adopted.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar como a aplicação da Linguística de Corpus e da Abordagem Funcionalista da tradução podem auxiliar ao longo do processo tradutório de textos antigos. A pesquisa está fundamentada nas definições de Linguística de Corpus elaboradas por Berber Sardinha (2004), Tagnin (2013) e Weisser (2016), entre outros, e nos princípios da Abordagem Funcionalista desenvolvidos por Holz-Mäntäri (1984), Reiss e Vermeer (1984) e Nord (1988). Os textos a serem traduzidos do italiano ao português brasileiro são uma carta e um tratado de música sobre baixo contínuo, escritos por Agostino Agazzari no início do século XVII, época em que essa prática começou a ser desenvolvida. Preparamos uma primeira versão da tradução, utilizando apenas os materiais convencionais de consulta, como dicionários e Internet. Em seguida, elaboramos uma segunda versão com o apoio de seis corpora: quatro especializados construídos por nós, e dois de referência disponibilizados para uso na ferramenta online Sketch Engine (Lexical Computing), que também possibilitou a análise linguística de todos os corpora. Compilamos um corpus em português brasileiro e outro em italiano relacionados à técnica barroca do baixo contínuo (tema principal do tratado) através da seleção de artigos, dissertações, teses e livros pertinentes ao tema. Construímos, também, quatro corpora (dois em português brasileiro e dois em italiano) sobre baixo contínuo e instrumentos musicais, através da WebBootCaT, uma ferramenta presente no Sketch Engine que extrai textos da Internet. Por fim, preparamos três glossários de termos mais relevantes do tratado e suas definições. Procuramos guiar todo o processo tradutório de acordo com os conceitos desenvolvidos pela Abordagem Funcionalista da tradução, refletindo principalmente sobre a função, o público-alvo e a dimensão temporal dos textos de partida e de chegada. A análise dos corpora possibilitou a confirmação de várias hipóteses que haviam surgido durante a primeira versão da tradução, além de esclarecer dúvidas e favorecer o processo de adaptação do tratado ao português brasileiro contemporâneo, apesar da dificuldade em encontrar textos representativos sobre os arcaísmos e as abreviações. A etapa de pesquisa dos termos com o auxílio da Linguística de Corpus exigiu muito menos tempo que o necessário durante a primeira versão, devido à possibilidade que essa metodologia oferece de rapidamente encontrá-los e analisá-los em seu contexto de uso. Já a Abordagem Funcionalista constituiu uma base fundamental para a elaboração da tradução, auxiliando o processo de tomada de decisões sempre baseado na função e no público-alvo dos textos de partida e de chegada. A tradução da carta e do tratado contribui para a disponibilização de material especializado direcionado a tradutores, estudantes de música, musicólogos e intérpretes de música barroca. Também colabora com a difusão de pesquisas baseadas em corpora, voltadas especificamente ao campo musical. / This paper aims to analyze how corpus linguistics and a functionalist approach can help throughout the process of translating very old texts. Our research is based on the Corpus Linguistics definitions elaborated by Berber Sardinha (2004), Tagnin (2013), and Weisser (2016), among others, and on the principles of the Functionalist Approach developed by Holz-Mäntäri (1984), Reiss and Vermeer (1984), and Nord (1988). The texts to be translated from Italian into Brazilian Portuguese are a letter and a music treatise about basso continuo, written by Agostino Agazzari in the early 17th century, a time when this practice started being developed. We first prepared an initial version of the translation using only conventional reference materials, such as dictionaries and the Internet. Next, we developed a second version with the support of six corpora: four specialized tools we built ourselves, and two references tools available for use online at the Sketch Engine (Lexical Computing) website, which also allowed us to conduct linguistic analysis on all the corpora. We compiled two corpora (one in Brazilian Portuguese and another in Italian) related to the Baroque technique of basso continuo (the main theme of the treatise) by selecting articles, dissertations, theses, and books pertaining to the topic. We also built four corpora (two in Brazilian Portuguese and two in Italian) about basso continuo and musical instruments, using WebBootCaT, a tool found in the Sketch Engine platform that extracts texts from the Internet. Finally, we prepared three glossaries with the most relevant terms in the treatise and their definitions. We sought to guide the entire translation process according to the concepts developed by the functionalist translation approach, reflecting mainly on the function, the target audience, and the temporal dimension of the source and target texts. Corpus analysis allowed us to confirm several hypotheses that had arisen during the first version of the translation, in addition to answering questions and supporting the process of adapting the treatise to contemporary Brazilian Portuguese, despite the difficulty of finding other texts that were representative of the archaic word choice and abbreviations. The stage of searching for terms with the help of Corpus Linguistics required much less time than had been necessary during the first version, due to the features of this methodology for quickly finding and analyzing them in context. A Functionalist Approach, however, was essential as a basis on which to prepare the translation, because it supported the decision-making process by always basing it on the function and target audience of the source and target texts. Translating the letter and treatise contributes to the availability of specialized material aimed at translators, music students, musicologists, and baroque music performers. It also helps spread knowledge of research based on corpora and focused specifically on the field of music theory.

Este trabalho acompanha o desenvolvimento da filosofia de Condillac do Ensaio sobre a Origem dos Conhecimentos Humanos até o Tratado dos Animais, obra em que o autor se aplica à definição daquilo que é próprio do humano e que se pode considerar a mais completa descrição de seu sistema de pensamento. A partir da reconstrução da noção de Metafísica do abade, encontramos uma interessante articulação entre as discussões científicas da época e a tentativa de estabelecer um novo fundamento para todo discurso possível, apoiado nas noções de natureza, humano, língua e moral. A crítica à racionalidade e ao conhecimento operada por Condillac no âmbito da linguagem pode ser aplicada e melhor compreendida através da aproximação de sua filosofia com a ciência newtoniana e as discussões da fisiologia em meados do XVIII, para terminar, surpreendentemente, numa compreensão mais adequada da consistente recuperação da retórica clássica e das dimensões ética e política da experiência humana levada a cabo pelo autor. / This work follows the development of Condillacs philosophy from the Essay on the Origin of Human Knowledge to the Treatise on Animals, work in which the author takes on the definition of what is properly human, and can be considered the most complete description of his system of thought. Beginning on the reconstruction of the abbots metaphysics, we find an interesting articulation between the scientific discussions of the time and the attempt to establish a new grounding for all possible discourse, relying on the notions of nature, human, language and morals. The critique of rationality and of knowledge made by Condillac in the field of language can be better applied and understood through an approximation of his philosophy with newtonian physics and discussions on physiology in the middle of the eighteenth century, and finishes, surprisingly, in a more adequate comprehension of the consistent recuperation of classical rhetoric and the political and ethical dimensions of human experience as conceived by the author.

At the end of nineteenth century, as a result of the revival of the early music, harpsichord, the most important instrument in the Baroque period, was emphasized again and back to the stage. However, without any recordings been made and left, the scores and the documents became the significant references for the interpretation. This study will discuss about the performance practice issues in French composer François Couperin¡¦s treatise ¡§L¡¦art de toucher le clavecin¡¨. The representative of Couperin¡¦s work is his four harpsichord books. In his 1716¡¦s treatise ¡§L¡¦art de toucher le clavecin¡¨, he explained the performance practice issues of his harpsichord music. The discussion includes the body gesture, articulation, tempo, characteristic of the instrument, ornamentation, fingering, notes inégales and the tradition of prelude. Moreover, he composed eight preludes and put them at the end of the treatise for practicing. Although the treatise was not the only one which discussed about harpsichord at that time, it is rare that composers wrote instruction for other musician in order to interpret his own music. This study includes three parts. First, the development of the harpsichord music in baroque period and François Couperin¡¦s life are introduced. The second part explicate the historical background of the François Couperin¡¦s four harpsichord collections, eight preludes and ¡§L¡¦art de toucher le clavecin¡¨. The third part focuses on discussion of the performance practice. Finally, the conclusion will be made.