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Introducción: La enfermedad renal crónica es un problema de salud a nivel mundial. Se estima que muchos pacientes los cuales inician el tratamiento presentan un alto índice de mortalidad y de poca adherencia en los primeros días del tratamiento; sin embargo, son pocos los estudios que investigan sobre el nivel de adherencia presente en aquellos pacientes que llevan este tratamiento, lo cual conlleva a que no exista un estándar para medir el mismo. Objetivo: Identificar la frecuencia de los factores relacionados a la no adherencia al tratamiento de hemodiálisis presentes en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y de corte transversal con un muestreo no probabilístico. Se definió como pacientes no adherentes aquellos que presentaran como mínimo 1 falta a sus sesiones o aquellos que disminuyeron la duración de la sesión por un tiempo mayor igual a 10 minutos. Resultados: Fueron 30 los pacientes catalogados como no adherentes, un 73% fue de sexo masculino, además, la etiología más reportada en estos pacientes fue la diabetes mellitus. Dentro de los factores de no adherencia, los más destacados fueron los familiares, así como los institucionales. Conclusiones: Se encontró que el porcentaje de pacientes no adherentes se encontraba dentro del rango reportado por otros estudios; asimismo tuvieron una edad media de 45 años siendo la mayoría de sexo masculino. / Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is a global health problem. It is estimated that patients that begin dialysis have a higher rate of mortality and low adherence in the first days of the treatment. Objective: Identify the frequency of the factors related to poor adherence to hemodialysis present in patients with chronic kidney disease. Materials and methods: A descriptive study with transversal cut and a non-probabilistic sampling. Patients were defined as non adherent if they had one or more skipped sessions during the month or if they shortened their sessions for a period of time of 10 or more minutes. Results: Patients defined as non adherent were 30, 73% were males, diabetes mellitus was the etiology most reported among these patients. Observing factors of no adherence, family and institutional factors were the most relevant in the evaluated patients Conclusions: We found the percentage of non adherent patients was in the range according to other researches made, also the mid range age was of 45 being the most males.

O cuidado integral a vítimas de violência sexual (VVS) é política pública no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e estrutura-se no acolhimento das VVS em serviços de referência, onde recebem aconselhamento, intervenções para redução de danos à saúde mental, medicação para prevenção pós-exposição não ocupacional da infecção por HIV (nPEP) e medidas de prevenção de outras infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) e da gestação não desejada. Embora se reconheça que a adesão à nPEP entre VVS e sua retenção no cuidado após o agravo representem desafios, os preditores de adesão e retenção nessas circunstâncias não foram esclarecidos. Objetivos: Este estudo visa caracterizar as VVS admitidas em serviço de referência da cidade de São Paulo em até 72 horas após o episódio de violência e identificar preditores de adesão à nPEP e de retenção no cuidado por seis meses. Métodos: Para esta coorte retrospectiva selecionaram-se VVS admitidas em até 72 horas após o episódio de violência no Núcleo da Atendimento a Vítimas de Violência Sexual (NAVIS) do principal hospital de referência em São Paulo, no período de 2001 a 2013 (156 meses). Os pacientes elegíveis receberam nPEP, profilaxia para IST bacterianas, bem como contracepção de emergência, quando aplicável. A triagem sorológica para infecção por HIV, hepatites B e C e sífilis foi realizada na admissão, e no 90o e 180o dias de seguimento. Com base em revisão de prontuários a amostra foi caracterizada no tocante às características do episódio de VS, achados clínicos à admissão no serviço e intervenções realizadas, de acordo com sexo e idade da vítima. Os preditores de adesão à nPEP por 28 dias e retenção no cuidado até 180 dias após a admissão foram investigados em análise univariada e multivariada por modelos de regressão logística. Resultados: Estudaram-se 199 episódios de VS, acometendo 197 vítimas. Destes, 167 foram elegíveis para indicação de nPEP e em 160 (96%) a medicação foi de fato prescrita. A coorte foi constituída predominantemente por vítimas do sexo feminino (160, 80%), autodeclaradas brancas (149, 75%), com mediana de idade de 22 anos (intervalo interquartis (IIQ) de 15-29) e escolaridade de 9 anos (IIQ, 6-11). As VVS do sexo masculino foram significantemente mais jovens que as do sexo feminino 23 (mediana de idade 17, IIQ 14-32 para homens versus 23, IIQ 17-29 para mulheres) (p=0,002). Os episódios de VS mais frequentemente ocorreram no trajeto da vítima ao trabalho ou escola (n=110, 55%), foram perpetrados por um só agressor (n=180, 90%) e sob coerção (n=158, 79%). O tempo mediano entre o episódio de VS e a admissão ao serviço foi de 1 dia (IIQ 0,5-1,5). Em 20% dos episódios havia sido lavrado boletim de ocorrência policial. Destaca-se que apenas 101 (51%) VVS apresentavam algum achado clínico genital ou extragenital à admissão no serviço. Entre vítimas com menos de 14 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, o relato de VS por perpetrador conhecido (feminino < 0,001; masculino p=0,001) e de agressão ocorrida no domicílio ou entorno (feminino < 0,001; masculino p=0,002) foi mais frequente, em relação ao de vítimas com 14 anos ou mais. As VVS masculinas com 14 anos ou mais relataram mais frequentemente ter sido agredidas por mais de um perpetrador (p < 0,001) e apresentaram maior intensidade de lesão física, medida pelos escores NISS (p=0,0084) e ISS (p=0,0172), quando comparadas às do sexo feminino da mesma faixa etária. Houve menor indicação de nPEP para VS menores de 14 anos (feminino p < 0,001 e masculino p=0,001). As profilaxias para HIV e IST mostraram-se efetivas para as VVS retidas no cuidado por 180 dias. No que tange aos desfechos principais do estudo, 104/160 (65%, IC95% 57-72%) VVS apresentaram adesão à nPEP até 28 dias e 89/199 (45%, IC95% 38-52%) foram retidas no cuidado por 180 dias. À análise multivariada, verificou-se que ter realizado ao menos uma consulta psicológica (n = 126) foi preditor independente de adesão à nPEP (OR ajustado = 8,32; IC95% 3,0-23,03) e de retenção no cuidado (OR ajustado = 40,33; IC95% 8,33-195,3). Conclusões: O presente estudo aponta para características distintas da violência sexual entre VVS admitidas ao serviço em até 72 horas após o episódio, a depender do sexo e categoria etária da vítima (idade inferior a 14 anos versus 14 ou mais). Adicionalmente, o atendimento psicológico mostrou-se elemento essencial do manejo da VS, predizendo a adesão à nPEP e à retenção das vítimas no cuidado por seis meses / Comprehensive care of sexual violence victims (SVV) is a public policy provided by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). It is set up based on reception of SVV in reference centres, where they receive counselling, interventions to reduce mental health harm, medication for HIV nonoccupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) and prevention measures of other sexually-transmitted infections (STI) and unwanted pregnancies. Although studies have shown that adherence to nPEP among SVV and their retention in care after SV represent significant challenges, predictors of adherence and retention in these difficult circumstances remain unclear. Objectives: This study aimed at characterizing SVV admitted to a reference centre in São Paulo within 72 hours after the violence episode and at identifying predictors of adherence to nPEP and of retention in care for 6-month follow-up among SVV. Methods: For this retrospective cohort study, we selected SVV admitted to the SV unit (NAVIS) of the main reference hospital in Sao Paulo within 72 hours after the SV episode from 2001 to 2013. Eligible patients received nPEP, screening, prevention and management for other STI, as well as emergency contraception, when applicable. Serological screening for HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, and syphilis was carried out at baseline and on days 90 and 180 of follow-up. Based on chart review we compared characteristics of the SV episode, clinical findings at admission and prescribed interventions according to victims\' sex and age. Predictors of adherence to nPEP for 28 days and of retention in care until discharge at 180 days after admission were sought after by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 199 SV episodes in 197 victims were recorded over 156 months. Of those, 167 were eligible to receive nPEP and 160 (96%) actually received a prescription. Victims were predominantly female (160, 80%), self-reportedly white (149, 75%), with median age of 22 (interquartile range (IQR) 15-29) and 9 years of schooling (IQR, 6-11). Male victims were significantly younger than their female counterparts (17 years old, IQR 14-32 vs. 23, IQR 17-29) (p=0.002). The SV episodes most often occurred on the victims\' way to work or school (n=110, 55%), were perpetrated by a single aggressor (n=180, 90%) and under coercion (n=158, 79%). Median time between the SV episode and admission to the unit was 1 day (IQR 0.5-1.5). Only 20% of episodes had been reported to police authorities. We highlight that clinical findings in the genital or extragenital areas were found in just 101 (51%) victims at admission. Victims aged under 14 of both sexes more often reported having been assaulted by a known aggressor (females, p < 0.001; males, p=0.001) and that the aggression occurred at or near home (females, p < 0.001; males, p=0.002). Male victims aged 14 or over more often reported having had more than one aggressor (p < 0.001) and presented more severe physical trauma at admission, assessed by the NISS (p=0.0084) and ISS (p=0.0172) scores, as compared to female victims of the same age category. Moreover, victims aged less than 14 were less likely to be prescribed nPEP (females p < 0.001; males p=0.001). Prophylaxis for HIV infection and other STI were shown effective for SVV who completed 180-day follow-up. Overall 104/160 (65%, 95CI% 57-72%) SVV were fully adherent to nPEP up to 28 days, whereas 89/199 (45%, 95%CI 38-52%) were retained in care for 180 days following admission. In multivariate analysis, patients undergoing at least one psychological consultation (n=126) were more likely to adhere to nPEP (adjusted OR=8.32; 95%CI: 3.0-23.3) and to be retained in care for 6 months (adjusted OR=44.76; 95%CI: 9.09-220.37), as compared to patients not having received psychological support. Conclusions: This study highlights significantly different features of SV depending on victims\' gender and age category (under 14 vs 14 or over). In addition, provision of psychological consultation was shown an essential element in the management of SV, being associated with enhanced adherence to nPEP and to retention in care

Background: Injecting drug users (IDUs) represent considerable group of patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV treatment is an effective tool for reduction of HCV transmissions among IDUs. Nevertheless treatment rate among IDUs is rather insufficient. Treatment uptake, provision and adherence as well as its efficacy in IDUs are determined by number of specific factors. Aims: Mapping an extent of the provision of HCV treatment to IDUs in the Czech Republic, rules and practices for the admission of IDUs into HCV treatment and its provision, describing relevant factors related to drug use. Material and methods: From January to March 2011, a questionnaire survey among centres for treatment of viral hepatitis in the Czech Republic was conducted. 76 identified centres were addressed, of which 45 (59%) responded, and 40 (53%) filled in an online questionnaire. Results: Estimated number of centres treated HCV with combination of pegylated interferon α and ribavirin in the Czech Republic in 2010 was 61, 39 of them treated IDUs. Estimated 780 persons were treated, of whom 370 were (mostly ex-) IDUs. Reported treatment uptake in IDUs was 60% on average (range 0-90%). Treatment is completed by 80% of IDUs on average (0-100%) according to clinicians. Most clinicians reported no difference in the treatment...

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-09-04T15:18:51Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-09-04T15:53:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T15:53:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-07-31 / A colite ulcerativa (CU) é uma doença inflamatória crônica cujas manifestações podem afetar drasticamente a qualidade de vida do indivíduo sendo por isso importante a adesão ao tratamento a fim de mantê-la em fase de remissão. Fatores individuais podem interferir na continuidade do tratamento do paciente em remissão. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de não adesão e a possível influência das características sóciodemográficas, clínicas e farmacoterapêuticas associadas com a não adesão ao tratamento da CU em remissão. Trata-se de estudo transversal com adultos portadores de CU em remissão acompanhados no Centro de Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, conduzido entre agosto de 2017 e janeiro de 2018. Os fatores associados à não adesão ao tratamento foram investigados por meio da aplicação de questionário padronizado contendo dados sociodemográficas, clínicos e farmacoterapêuticos dos pacientes, além da Escala de Adesão Terapêutica de Morisky (MMAS-8), Inventario de Depressão de Beck (IDB) e Subescala de Ansiedade de sete itens da Escala Hopitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão. O total de 90 pacientes foi incluído neste estudo com média de idade de 50,4±12,9. A prevalência de não adesão foi de 77,8% e não foram encontradas dentre as 21 variáveis analisadas, nenhuma relacionada com o comportamento de não adesão. A prevalência de não adesão em pacientes com CU em remissão foi elevada. Nenhuma das características sociodemográficos, clínicas e farmacoterapêuticas analisadas foram associadas com este comportamento, alertando para a necessidade de maior atenção dos profissionais de saúde a esse importante aspecto do tratamento. / Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease whose manifestations can drastically affect the quality of life of patients. Therefore, treatment adherence is important in order to keep it in remission. Individual factors may interfere with the continuity of the patient's treatment in remission. To verify the prevalence of non-adherence and the influence of the sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacotherapeutic characteristics associated with non-adherence to the treatment of UC in remission. A cross-sectional study was conducted with adults presenting UC in remission followed at the Clinical Gastroenterology outpatient clinic of the Clinical Gastroenterology Ambulatory of Universitary Hospital, in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, between August 2017 and January 2018. Factors of risk for non-adherence to treatment were investigated by applying a questionnaire on sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacotherapeutic characteristics of the patient. The Morisky Therapeutic Adhesion Scale (MMAS-8), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Subscale of Anxiety of seven items of the Hopitalar Anxiety and Depression Scale were also applied. A total of 90 patients were included, with a mean age of 50.41±12.94 years. The prevalence of non-adherence to therapy was 77.8% and we did not identified among 21 variables analyzed anyone associated with non-adherence prevalence. High proportions of patients with UC in remission presented non-adherents to therapy; however, we did not found characteristics among sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacotherapeutic data that would be able to explain this behavior, alerting the need for greater attention of health professionals to this important aspect of treatment.

PHD (Health Sciences) / Department of Advanced Nursing Sciences

Today over 1.1 million people are living with HIV/AIDS in the United States; over the last 4 decades mortality rates have decreased largely made in part because of advancement in awareness and treatment options. Treatment adherence has long been considered a vital component in decreasing HIV/AIDS related mortality and has proven to reduce the risk of transmission. However not all patients take their medicine as prescribed. This research study, sponsored by The North Central Texas HIV Planning Council explored how Patient and Provider communication impacted treatment adherence. By utilizing a mixed-methods approach survey data and semi-structured interviews were used to collect insights from both Patients and Providers. Data gleaned through the interview process provided a perspective that could not be captured by using quantitative methods alone. The results from this research yielded multiple themes related to patient and provider communication with recommendations as to how The North Central Texas HIV Planning Council could address treatment adherence, such as Providers focus on Patients perceived severity based on their understanding of disease and illness; that side-effects remain a concern for patients and should not be dismissed; and finally that the word AIDS is perceived to be more stigmatized and as such organizations providing HIV/AIDS related services should explore alternative names where the word AIDS in not included.

Background: As patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) require lifelong treatment, optimization of therapy with respect to efficacy and safety is needed to limit long-term disease progression. Patients with MS also need a range of health-related services. Satisfaction with these as well as treatment is clinically relevant because satisfied patients are more likely to adhere to therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the status of patient satisfaction and of healthcare services in 70 specialized MS centres in Germany. Methods: In 2011, patients with MS responded to a questionnaire, which solicited clinical and demographic information, as well as patients’ perceptions of their overall situation and their satisfaction with treatment. Results: Of 2791 patients surveyed, 81.9% had relapsing-remitting MS with mild disability [mean (standard deviation) Expanded Disability Status Scale score: 2.6 (1.8)]. Disease activity data were collected from 2205 patients, of whom 57.6% had remained relapse-free during the preceding 12 months. However, 38.9% had experienced one or more relapses, most of whom (67.3%) while receiving immunomodulatory treatment. About one-third of the patients indicated that they were more dissatisfied with their overall situation compared with the time before diagnosis. However, many patients (58.3%) were satisfied with their existing medication. Overall, 72.8% of patients would prefer oral to injectable treatments, assuming there was no difference in their efficacy. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of patients experienced breakthrough disease on treatment and may potentially benefit from a change of therapy. Although largely satisfied with treatment, most patients with MS would choose oral over injectable treatments.

Few studies have assessed the optimum second line highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) regimen in patients who had failed on the first-line HAART in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to compare the Protease inhibitor (PI)-based second line HAART regimens used in one clinic in Trinidad by comparing immunological, virological and clinical outcomes of patients on the different second line HAART regimens. The records of 35 treatment-experienced patients, over 21years of age and on PI-based regimens for at least six months, were analysed using SPSS version 20. The regimen containing TDF/FTC/AZT/LPV/r proved to produce superior outcomes compared to the other second line regimens. Due the small number of usable patients’ records, the findings cannot be generalised but indicate directions for future studies attempting to compare the treatment outcomes of different second line HAART regimens / Health Studies / M. A. (Public Health)

Au Liban, le diabète est évalué à 12%, il est appelé à doubler d’ici l’an 2025. Devant cette augmentation, il est pertinent d’évaluer les effets d’une intervention éducative auprès de personnes présentant un DT2 sur leur sentiment d’auto-efficacité et leur capacité d’auto-soins afin de rendre leur adhésion thérapeutique la plus optimale possible. Le devis est expérimental avant/après 3 mois. L’adhésion a été évaluée à l’aide de l’HbA1c à <7 % et de du SDSCA pour les comportements d’auto-soins, du DMSES pour l’auto-efficacité. L’échantillon formé : 71 GE et 65 GC. Le GE s’est amélioré au niveau des comportements d’auto-soins, l’application des recommandations, du sentiment d’auto-efficacité et du taux d’HbA1c. Ainsi une éducation infirmière favorise l’adhésion chez les DT2. Cette étude a pu contribuer au développement du savoir infirmier et au renouvellement des pratiques cliniques. / In Lebanon, diabetes is estimated at 12%, it is expected to double by the year 2025. In front of this increase, it is relevant to assess the effects of an educational intervention with people with T2DM their sense self-efficacy and self-care capacity to make their most optimal therapeutic adherence. This study use an experimental design: before / after 3 months. Adherence was assessed using the HbA1c <7% and the SDSCA for self-care behaviors of DMSES for self-efficacy. The formed sample: 71 65 GE and GC. GE has improved the level of self-care behaviors, the implementation of recommendations, the feeling of self-efficacy and HbA1c. As a nurse education promotes adhesion among T2DM. This study could contribute to the development of nursing knowledge and renewal of clinical practices.