This instrumental case study (Stake, 1995) provides an in-depth examination of a collaborative approach to evaluation within a school district’s central office. This study analyzes the implementation of collaborative approaches to evaluation (CAE) within a school district’s central office with an emphasis on evaluation use from the evaluators’ perspectives. It also explores the role and evolution of the evaluators throughout the evaluation process. Furthermore, this study adds to educational research on how to support the implementation and use of improvement processes in school district central offices. The analysis focuses on the evaluation activities that my colleagues and I led as internal evaluators for a school district’s school improvement initiative from September 2015 to October 2016. The conceptual framework that I used to guide my case study are the Principles to Guide CAE (Shulha, Whitmore, Cousins, Gilbert, & al Hudib, 2016), which were recently developed in response to the need for clarification on collaborative approaches to evaluation. Findings suggest that: (1) the organizational context and the evaluators’ skills in using CAE impacted evaluation use, including enhancing the capacity for evaluative thinking for involved stakeholders; (2) the quality of the evaluation process, especially the formation of the findings and recommendations, enhanced the credibility of the evaluation and stakeholders’ willingness to implement the recommendations; and (3) evaluator involvement over the long-term is needed to support all aspects of the continuous improvement cycle. Findings regarding the evaluator’s role within CAE include the need for evaluators: (4) to fully understanding their role and positioning themselves as critical friends and facilitators; and (5) to create a safe space for learning and inquiry to occur. The findings from this study have implications for evaluation researchers interested in evaluation use and the implementation of CAE, as well as for educational researchers focused on incorporating evidence-based practices and improvement processes in school district central offices.

Die von mir vorgelegte Arbeit widmet sich insgesamt der Fragestellung, wie große gelenkte Projekte an einer ostdeutschen Schule in der Wendezeit durchgeführt wurden, was aus ihnen folgte und welche Konsequenzen für die Theorie der schulischen Projektarbeit daraus gezogen werden können. Insbesondere zeigt sie auf inwieweit die Arbeit mit Projekten die Forderungen der Gesellschaft, Schule als Lern-, Arbeits-, Lebens- und Freizeitort für Schüler/innen zu gestalten, erfüllt werden kann. Unterschiedlichste Schülerbeispiele (für Begabte, (Hoch)begabte, "schwierig Begabte", Verhaltensschwierige, überraschende Entwicklungen, Lernunwillige u.a.) werden vorgestellt und daran aufgezeigt, was Projektarbeit leisten kann, um die individuellen Leistungsmöglichkeiten von allen Schüler/innen gerecht zu werden, um diese auszuschöpfen, zu fördern und weiter zu entwickeln.

The world today is confronted by the worst financial and economic crisis since the Great Depression of 1920’s. Due to the financial system being globalised and interdependent, the contagion effects of the financial crisis trickled down to Europe and ultimately triggered the recession of 2007-2009, which had far-reaching repercussions on cross-border economic activities. The severe international downturn had a significant effect on the Swedish economy and Swedish SMEs. Moreover, the recession has heightened economic uncertainty and combined with the existing challenges facing SMEs, created one of the most difficult business climates in decades, hence, a prevailing need for creating resilience. The purpose of this study is to examine how Swedish Internationalised SMEs remain resilient during times of recession. This will be studied through investigating what resources and capabilities were crucial for building resilience and how the SMEs changed their strategy during the recession to remain resilient. The study is conducted through a qualitative case study and an abductive approach in order to get a profound insight into the firm’s behaviour. The theoretical framework is founded on the area of strategy and resilience, by accounting for strategy formulation, the RBV, resilience and strategic change. Moreover, the empirical chapter presents the results of the data gathered from the six case companies and is structured according to the companies and the three research problems. In the analysis, the patterns emerging from the theoretical framework and the empirical data is analysed based on the three research problems through trying to understand the underlying reasons for the emerging patterns. The study conclude that Swedish internationalized SMEs remained resilient during the recession of 2007- 2009, through reconfiguring its critical resources and capabilities, and changing their strategy to adapt to the changes in the external environment caused by the recession.

Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur fotbollsklubbars aktiekurs påverkas av klubbarnas prestationer på planen i hänsyn till matchresultat. Delsyftet är att se om andra faktorer som är länkade till matchresultat kan ge mer eller mindre tyngd till eventuella prisförändringar.  Metod: Uppsatsen har ett positivistiskt vetenskapligt förhållningssätt och ett deduktivt angreppssätt. Undersökningen tillämpar en eventstudie-metodologi där eventperioden är satt till dagen efter eventet och där estimeringsperioden omfattar 250 dagar. Efter bortfall täcker insamlad data information kring 1060 matcher från 12 olika lag under åren 2011-2013. Data används för att mäta om en genomsnittlig avvikande avkastning (AAR) har uppstått i samband med matchutfall. Utöver detta undersöks de mer psykologiska faktorerna vändningar, anormal målskillnad och förväntningars effekt på den avvikande avkastningen. Slutligen undersöks det även om det finns skillnader mellan hur fotbollsklubbars aktiekurs påverkas vid olika matchutfall beroende på vilken nation de tillhör. Resultat: Vid vinst uppvisade resultatet en positiv AAR på 0,67 %. Oavgjort och förlust uppvisade en negativ AAR på -1,45 % respektive -1,75 %. Förväntade matchutfall hade ingen signifikant påverkan på aktiekursen medan oförväntade matchutfall hade en signifikant påverkan. En match med positiv (negativ) anormal målskillnad gav 0,88 % (-0,72 %) högre (lägre) avkastningen än en match utan en positiv (negativ) anormal målskillnad. Dock förekom endast signifikans vid positiv anormal målskillnad. Resultatet visade även att vändningar inte hade någon signifikant påverkan på aktiekursen. Förövrigt fanns det endast ett fåtal signifikanta skillnader mellan länder i deras reaktioner till olika matchutfall. Slutsatser: Matchutfall påverkar fotbollsklubbars aktiekurs.  En vinst har en positiv effekt på aktiekursen medan oavgjort och förlust har en negativ effekt. Aktiekursens reaktion på matchutfall är asymmetrisk där förluster har en större effekt än vinster. Förväntningar inför matchen har en betydelse för aktiekursens reaktion. Anormal målskillnad påverkar investeraren emotionellt och leder till en avvikande avkastning. Detta gäller inte för vändningar. Slutligen drogs även slutsatsen att det inte finns någon skillnad kring hur fotbollsklubbars aktiekurs påverkas vid olika matchutfall beroende på vilken nation de tillhör. / Purpose: This paper aims to examine how performance on the pitch in terms of match outcome affects the price of football clubs shares. A subordinate aim is to see whether other factors that are linked to match outcome can give more or less weight to probable price changes. Methodology: This thesis has a positivistic and a deductive approach. Furthermore, this thesis applies an event study methodology, where the event period is the day after the event and the estimation period comprises of 250 days. After accounting for errors and loss in data, the overall data contains information about 1060 games from 12 different teams during 2011-2013. The data is used to measure whether average abnormal returns (AAR) have occurred in connection to match outcomes or not. Moreover, the more psychological factors such as turnarounds, abnormal goal difference and expectations have also been examined to see whether these factors can impact the abnormal return or not. Additionally, it has been examined if differences exist in how football clubs shares react to match outcomes when taking account for their nationality. Results: The result shows that a win gives a positive AAR of 0.67%. A draw and a loss both give a negative AAR, where a draw results in a -1.45% AAR and a loss in a -1.75% AAR. Expected match outcomes had no significant effect on football clubs shares while unexpected match outcomes had a significant effect. A match with positive (negative) abnormal goal difference gave a 0.88% (-0.72%) higher (lower) abnormal return than a match without a positive (negative) abnormal goal difference. However, only positive abnormal goal difference was statistically significant. The results also showed that turnarounds had no significant effect on football clubs shares. Furthermore, the result showed barely any statistical significant differences among the countries in their share reaction to match outcomes. Conclusions: Match outcome has an effect on football clubs shares. A win will have a positive effect on the price of a football club share while a draw and a loss will have a negative effect. There is an asymmetric reaction to match outcomes as a loss will have a larger impact than a win. Expectations influence how football stocks react to match outcomes. Abnormal goal difference affects the investor emotionally and consequently leads to an abnormal return. This is not the case for turnarounds. Moreover it was concluded that nationality do not have a deciding impact on how football clubs shares react to match outcomes.

Esta pesquisa trata da necessidade de desenvolver um plano de turnaround para empresas que se encontram em situação de crise. Discute a necessidade de uma abordagem estratégica, as ferramentas de gestão mais apropriadas, métodos de recuperação financeira e ainda discute as mudanças organizacionais necessárias. Indica uma metodologia e recomendações relevantes para esse plano. Analisa ainda os principais tópicos da nova Lei de Falências e discute adaptações necessárias a um plano de recuperação judicial. Também faz uma abordagem de métodos de prevenção da crise. O estudo de casos de turnaround proporciona uma visão de como diversas empresas se reestruturaram e, ao final, propõe um modelo de plano de turnaround e planejamento estratégico para empresas em crise. / This research approaches the need for developing a Turnaround Plan to companies that are in a crisis situation. The need for a strategic approach, is discussed as well as, the management tools deemed appropriate. Methods for financial recovery and, the necessary organizational changes are also considered. It indicates both a methodology and the relevant recommendations for that Plan. The main topics of the New Bankruptcies Law are also analyzed as well as the necessary adaptations to a Recovery Judicial Plan. Methods of crisis prevention are also discussed. The study of turnaround cases provide a vision of how companies succeded in restructuring and, finally, proposes a strategic turnaround plan for companies in crisis.

Esta pesquisa trata da necessidade de desenvolver um plano de turnaround para empresas que se encontram em situação de crise. Discute a necessidade de uma abordagem estratégica, as ferramentas de gestão mais apropriadas, métodos de recuperação financeira e ainda discute as mudanças organizacionais necessárias. Indica uma metodologia e recomendações relevantes para esse plano. Analisa ainda os principais tópicos da nova Lei de Falências e discute adaptações necessárias a um plano de recuperação judicial. Também faz uma abordagem de métodos de prevenção da crise. O estudo de casos de turnaround proporciona uma visão de como diversas empresas se reestruturaram e, ao final, propõe um modelo de plano de turnaround e planejamento estratégico para empresas em crise. / This research approaches the need for developing a Turnaround Plan to companies that are in a crisis situation. The need for a strategic approach, is discussed as well as, the management tools deemed appropriate. Methods for financial recovery and, the necessary organizational changes are also considered. It indicates both a methodology and the relevant recommendations for that Plan. The main topics of the New Bankruptcies Law are also analyzed as well as the necessary adaptations to a Recovery Judicial Plan. Methods of crisis prevention are also discussed. The study of turnaround cases provide a vision of how companies succeded in restructuring and, finally, proposes a strategic turnaround plan for companies in crisis.

Submitted by Nadine Corrêa Machado Fonseca (nadine.fonseca@gmail.com) on 2016-02-05T17:29:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 O caso SIEMENS Ltda 09-01-2016 revisada final.pdf: 936758 bytes, checksum: 2d01b28c6eb46d3fb27474ea00027433 (MD5) O caso SIEMENS Ltda 09-01-2016 revisada final.pdf: 936758 bytes, checksum: 2d01b28c6eb46d3fb27474ea00027433 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2016-02-05T17:42:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 O caso SIEMENS Ltda 09-01-2016 revisada final.pdf: 936758 bytes, checksum: 2d01b28c6eb46d3fb27474ea00027433 (MD5) O caso SIEMENS Ltda 09-01-2016 revisada final.pdf: 936758 bytes, checksum: 2d01b28c6eb46d3fb27474ea00027433 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Almeida (maria.socorro@fgv.br) on 2016-02-22T17:27:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 O caso SIEMENS Ltda 09-01-2016 revisada final.pdf: 936758 bytes, checksum: 2d01b28c6eb46d3fb27474ea00027433 (MD5) O caso SIEMENS Ltda 09-01-2016 revisada final.pdf: 936758 bytes, checksum: 2d01b28c6eb46d3fb27474ea00027433 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-22T17:27:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 O caso SIEMENS Ltda 09-01-2016 revisada final.pdf: 936758 bytes, checksum: 2d01b28c6eb46d3fb27474ea00027433 (MD5) O caso SIEMENS Ltda 09-01-2016 revisada final.pdf: 936758 bytes, checksum: 2d01b28c6eb46d3fb27474ea00027433 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-15 / It is very relevant, for academic or for society purposes as a whole the subject 'corruption', a recurring problem that plagues companies and Governments in various parts of the world. Many recent cases draw attention to this topic, but one in particular, the case of corruption of the company Siemens AG, that resulted in the payment of the largest fines in the history on your model, based on the terms of the FCPA since it became law in 1977. This event caters specifically to the objective of this work which is to make an analysis based on agency theory and the codes of good practices of corporate governance on how large companies revising their corporate management systems and practices aiming at the recovery of its institutional image after significant impact on the company, such as the corruption scandal in which Siemens was involved. For this study, we opted for qualitative research as a methodological path contemplating the single case study. In the process of data collection were used data obtained through documentary research about the corruption scandal on public collection available in the internet. Open conversations were made with 3 compliance Department officials of Siemens for the purposes of understanding the case with. At the end of this work, it was observed in the Siemens turnaround process a correlation between what was proposed by the Agency Theory about internal control Systems based on what was accomplished by the company when promoted an extensive restructuring of the Department of compliance and corporate governance system, the improvement of internal controls, as well as the creation of detection tools , control, analysis and prevention of fraud, which were used to minimize the effects generated by the conflict of interest covered by the theory of Agency. KEY WORDS: Corporate Governance; Compliance; Corruption; Turnaround, Agency Theory / É de grande relevância, tanto no meio acadêmico como para a sociedade como um todo o assunto 'corrupção', um problema recorrente que assola empresas e governos em várias partes do mundo. Muitos casos recentes chamam a atenção para este tema, mas um em especial, o caso de corrupção da Empresa Siemens AG, que resultou no pagamento das maiores multas da história na sua modalidade, baseada nos termos de conduta do FCPA desde que este se tornou lei em 1977. Este caso atende especificamente ao objetivo deste trabalho que é o de fazer uma análise baseada na Teoria da agência e nos códigos de boas práticas de governança corporativa sobre 'como' as grandes empresas reformulam seus sistemas e práticas de gestão corporativa visando à recuperação de sua imagem institucional após significativo impacto sobre a empresa, como no caso o escândalo de corrupção em que a Siemens esteve envolvida. Para a realização deste estudo, optou-se pela pesquisa qualitativa como percurso metodológico contemplando a modalidade estudo de caso único. No processo de coleta de dados, foram usados dados obtidos através de pesquisa documental de acervo público disponível na internet sobre o escândalo de corrupção. Foram feitas ainda conversas abertas para fins de entendimento sobre o caso com 3 funcionários do departamento de compliance da Siemens. Ao final do trabalho, observou-se no processo de turnaround uma correlação entre o que foi proposto pela Teoria da Agencia no âmbito dos Sistemas de Controles internos com o que foi realizado pela empresa que promoveu uma ampla reestruturação do departamento de compliance e do sistema de Governança Corporativa, o aprimoramento dos controles internos, bem como a criação de ferramentas de detecção, controle, análise e prevenção de fraudes, que foram usados com o objetivo de minimizar os efeitos gerados pelo conflitos de interesse abordados pela Teoria da Agência.

Esta pesquisa trata da necessidade de desenvolver um plano de turnaround para empresas que se encontram em situação de crise. Discute a necessidade de uma abordagem estratégica, as ferramentas de gestão mais apropriadas, métodos de recuperação financeira e ainda discute as mudanças organizacionais necessárias. Indica uma metodologia e recomendações relevantes para esse plano. Analisa ainda os principais tópicos da nova Lei de Falências e discute adaptações necessárias a um plano de recuperação judicial. Também faz uma abordagem de métodos de prevenção da crise. O estudo de casos de turnaround proporciona uma visão de como diversas empresas se reestruturaram e, ao final, propõe um modelo de plano de turnaround e planejamento estratégico para empresas em crise. / This research approaches the need for developing a Turnaround Plan to companies that are in a crisis situation. The need for a strategic approach, is discussed as well as, the management tools deemed appropriate. Methods for financial recovery and, the necessary organizational changes are also considered. It indicates both a methodology and the relevant recommendations for that Plan. The main topics of the New Bankruptcies Law are also analyzed as well as the necessary adaptations to a Recovery Judicial Plan. Methods of crisis prevention are also discussed. The study of turnaround cases provide a vision of how companies succeded in restructuring and, finally, proposes a strategic turnaround plan for companies in crisis.

The sustainability of air transport relies on proper and timely aircraft ground handling. Lack of manpower and current ground handling industry conditions makes innovation and automation the only way to support existing growth rates. This research presents the state of the art of aircraft ground handling at airports, identifying the challenges to overcome in building safe, efficient and environmental friendly automated ground operations. The greatest opportunity lies with automated docking of ground support equipment to aircraft, with further autonomous vehicles moving around the aircraft and automated systems within the aircraft later on. The problem formulation for resources assignment for ground handling in a fully automated environment is undertaken. On-line solutions for the fleet assignment problem are proposed and applied to an airport case. / La durabilité du transport aérien est basée sur le bon déroulement de la manutention des avions. Le manque de main d’œuvre et les conditions existantes sur l’industrie de la manutention au sol fait que l’innovation et l’automatisation sont la seule façon de maintenir le rythme de croissance actuel. Cette recherche présente l’état de l’art de la manutention au sol des avions, identifie les défis à résoudre pour parvenir à des opérations au sol sécurisées, efficaces et respectueuses de l’environnement. La meilleure opportunité est dans l’accostage automatique des matériels au sol à l’avion, avec des véhicules autonomes qui vont évoluer autour de l’avion et des systèmes automatisés dans l’avion lui-même. La formulation du problème pour l’allocation des ressources pour la manutention au sol des avions dans le cadre totalement automatisé est entreprise. Des solutions en ligne pour le problème d’assignation des flottes sont proposées et appliquées dans un aéroport.

Mit dem Forschungsprojekt wurde das Ziel verfolgt, den Einfluss des Münchner Stromausfalls im Winter 2012 auf die Zahlungsbereitschaft für Versorgungssicherheit sowie auf die Akzeptanz für Erneuerbare Energien zu untersuchen. Das Ausfallereignis in München bot sich in besonderer Weise für eine Untersuchung an, da etwa die Hälfte des Stadtgebiets betroffen war, sodass eine Trennung nach beeinträchtigten und nicht-beeinträchtigen Haushalten aus einer nahezu homogenen Stichprobe ermöglicht wurde. Im Zentrum der Untersuchung steht eine repräsentative Bevölkerungsumfrage, die zwei Monate nach dem Ausfallereignis durchgeführt wurde. Dazu wurden über das Telefonlabor der Technischen Universität Dresden 526 Personen aus Münchner Privathaushalten befragt. Nach unseren Befunden beeinflusst eine kleine Versorgungsunterbrechung, wie in München, die Einstellung hinsichtlich der Erneuerbaren Energien nur unwesentlich. Allerdings können wir mit Hilfe der kontingenten Bewertungsmethode einen signifikanten Einfluss des Ausfalls auf die Zahlungsbereitschaft für eine sichere Versorgung nachweisen. Darüber ergeben sich aus unserer Studie Erkenntnisse für die Umsetzung der Energiewende: Beispielsweise wurde der Wert für die letzte gelieferte Kilowattstunde Strom (Value of Lost Load), das Last-Abschaltpotenzial von Haushalten sowie die Akzeptanz der Höhe der EEG-Umlage ermittelt.