Orientation: This study is about team dialogue and how dialogue in teams may impact on levels of employee engagement, especially how this can be applied and used in Industrial & Organisational Psychology. Research purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence that dialogue sessions in work teams may have on employee engagement. Motivation for the study: The manager and first-line superior play a crucial role in facilitating and enabling the connection between the employee and the organisation and how this impacts on employee engagement. When practised successfully, dialogue may have an influence on the level of employee engagement, as it allows groups to move beyond any one individual’s understanding to gain new insights and to create ideas in ways that could not be achieved individually. It may be argued that team dialogue and relational practices could assist in improving employee engagement in the South African workplace. Research design, approach and method: The study used a quasi-experimental approach in terms of which an experimental group was exposed to an organisational development intervention of team dialogues over a period of time and then compared to a control group that had not been exposed to the organisational development team dialogue intervention. The main findings were reported and discussed, and recommendations were made. Main findings: Team dialogues have an impact on employee engagement Contributions/value add: This study contributes to the field of Industrial & Organisational Psychology in that it demonstrates the influence that team dialogue has on employee engagement. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / MCOM (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

The objectives of the study were to determine the relationship between the demographic variables, work-life balance (as measured by the Survey Work-Home Interaction - Nijmegen), job satisfaction (as measured by the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire) and turnover intention (as measured by the Turnover Intention Scale); to determine whether the demographic variables and work-life balance significantly predict job satisfaction and turnover intention; and to determine the differences between biographical groups. A quantitative cross-sectional survey research design was applied to a stratified random sample of 79 employees in a South African IT company. Descriptive statistics, correlations, independent t-tests and regressions were used to analyse the data. Analysis revealed that job satisfaction has a significant negative relationship with turnover intention. Furthermore, the work-home interface sub-dimensions of work-life balance have both a positive and negative relationship with job satisfaction and turnover intention. There are significant differences between the various biographical groups. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology

本研究主要係探討企業內部稽核人員在平時的工作任務中，致令其產生離職傾向與本身工作壓力、工作滿足及工作績效之間的關聯性為何。 為達到研究之目的與獲得實證結果，本研究方法採取問卷調查方式，對台灣地區各企業設置有內部稽核單位之內部稽核人員為對象，計發出電子郵件500份，同時，透過稽核界朋友協助發放問卷100份，經統計回收有效問卷計188份，回收率為31.3%。經以SPSS統計軟體對所收集之問卷進行分析，並將所得結果與研究假設對照，提出本研究之結論與建議。茲將研究結論摘述如下： 一、離職傾向與各變項之關係 1.與整體工作壓力均呈顯著正相關。 2.除「升遷」滿足無顯著相關外，與整體工作滿足各構面呈顯著負相關。 3.除「個人績效」構面無顯著相關外，與「主管考評」、「公司考評」及「績效回饋」呈顯著負相關。 二、工作壓力、工作滿足、工作績效之關係 1.除「焦慮」外，「疲勞」、「憂鬱」、「低自尊」與工作滿足之「工作本身」、「升遷」、「薪資福利」、「與上司關係」、「與同事關係」及「在職進修」等構面均呈顯著負相關。 2.內部稽核人員在工作壓力所造成之「疲勞」、「憂鬱」、「低自尊」及整體工作壓力與工作績效之「主管考評」、「公司考評」、「績效回饋」等構面呈顯著負相關。 3.內部稽核人員工作滿足之「工作本身」、「升遷」、「薪資福利」、「與上司關係」、「與同事關係」及「受重視程度」與整體工作績效各構面均呈顯著正相關。 三、個人屬性與各變項之差異關係 內部稽核人員個人屬性與工作壓力、工作滿足、工作績效各構面及離職傾向有不同程度之顯著差異。 四、企業環境因素與各變項之差異關係 內部稽核人員之企業環境因素與工作壓力、工作滿足、工作績效各構面及離職傾向有不同程度之顯著差異。 五、離職傾向預測力分析 以工作壓力、工作滿足及工作績效等變項之各構面進行多元逐步迴歸分析結果，以整體工作壓力之預測力最佳。 本研究依據實證分析結果，於本文最後章節提出研究發現、結論及建議，期提供給企業管理階層及內部稽核人員參考。 關鍵字:內部稽核人員、工作滿足、工作壓力、工作績效、離職傾向 / The main purpose of this thesis is to study the relationships among turnover intention, job stress, job satisfaction and job performance in daily work of internal auditors working in enterprise. In order to achieve the research purpose and have the experimental result, I designed questionnaire and sent them by e-mail to 500 internal auditors working for the companies that hire auditors. Besides, I also sent 100 questionnaires to the auditors via my auditor friends. I received 188 valid responding samples in total and analyzed the data by using SPSS.The research result can be concluded as follows: 1.Turnover intention with other variable’s relationship. (1)All job stress dimensions had significant positive correlation with turnover intention. (2)Except promotion satisfaction had no significant correlation, the other dimensions had significant negative correlation with turnover intention. (3)Except personal performance had no significant correlation,the other dimensions had significant negative correlation with turnover intention. 2.Job stress, job satisfaction and job performance of relationship. (1)Except anxiety stress had no significant correlation, the other dimensions had significant negative correlation with job satisfaction. (2)Except anxiety stress had no significant correlation, the other dimensions had significant negative correlation with job performance. (3)Except dependence and certificate satisfaction had no significant correlation, the other dimensions had significant positive correlation with job performance. 3.Analyzing the meaning variance between individual dimensions and job stress, job satisfaction and job performance. We had found individual dimensions had significant variance with job stress, job satisfaction job performance and turnover intention. 4.Analyzing the meaning variance among enterprise environment factors, job stress, job satisfaction and job performance. We had found enterprise environment factors had significant variance with job stress, job satisfaction job performance, and turnover intention. 5.The best interpretative variable for turnover intention is whole job stress. At last, we hope our conclusions and recommendations in the last charter can do some help to business management authorities and internal auditors. Keyword：internal auditor, turnover intention, job stress, job satisfaction, job performance.

本研究目的在了解身心障礙公務人員工作滿足與離職傾向之現況，以及工作滿足和離職傾向二者之間的相關程度，並探討個人背景變項在其間之差異情形。本研究採問卷調查法，以85年、88年、90年、92年、93年及94年身心障礙特考及格之現職公務人員為調查對象，共發放 588份問卷，回收有效問卷336份，以 t考驗、單因子變異數分析、Pearson積差相關分析等方法進行資料分析，根據實證結果，獲致以下幾點結論： 一、身心障礙特考及格人員具有中高度工作滿足感受，其中以對同事關係 滿足感最高，其次依序為工作環境、主管領導、工作本身、升遷發展及薪資福利。 二、身心障礙特考及格人員具有中度的離職傾向。 三、不同背景變項對工作滿足之差異情形： (一)不同婚姻狀況對工作本身構面有顯著差異情形存在。 (二)不同年齡對升遷發展及同事關係構面有顯著差異情形存在。 (三)不同服務機關對薪資福利構面有顯著差異情形存在。 (四)不同障礙類別對升遷發展構面有顯著差異情形存在。 (五)不同障礙等級對薪資福利構面有顯著差異情形存在。 四、不同背景變項對離職傾向之差異情形： (一)不同婚姻狀況對離職念頭有顯著的差異情形存在。 (二)不同年齡對離職傾向各構面有顯著的差異情形存在。 (三)不同障礙等級對離職傾向各構面有顯著的差異情形存在。 五、工作滿足與離職傾向之間具有負向相關。 關鍵字：身心障礙特種考試、公務人員、工作滿足、離職傾向

Organisations worldwide are experiencing an explosion of knowledge in the current technological information age as well as a serious skills shortage. The fast-paced aggressive and highly cyclical nature of the profession which often does not provide employees with the necessary resources and support causes employees in the information technology (IT) industry to show high turnover intent which is extremely costly and detrimental to organisational success. IT specialists are becoming a scarce commodity in a highly competitive environment where financial gain is very important and employee well-being is not necessarily a prerogative. Employers are faced with additional obligations than just paying equitable salaries, such as creating an environment that is conducive towards well-being. Efforts to promote flourishing and optimal functioning of employees will affect individual and organisational outcomes. Flourishing and languishing are opposite end points on a continuum of mental health indicating the emotional, psychological and social well-being of individuals. An individual who feels well (emotional well-being) is more likely to function well (psychological and social well-being) which means meeting the criteria for positive mental health as flourishing. Investments in the well-being of employees lay the basis for positive employment relations. The aim of this study was to investigate the flourishing of employees in the information technology industry and to determine the antecedents and outcomes thereof. A cross-sectional survey design was used to gather data regarding the flourishing of IT professionals and its outcomes. A convenience sample (N = 205) was taken of employees in information technology organisations in South Africa. The measuring instruments used were the Mental Health Continuum Short Form, Job Satisfaction Scale, Work Engagement Scale, Work-related Basic Need Satisfaction Scale, Work Role Fit Scale, Psychological Contract Inventory, Violations of PC Questionnaire, Organisational Commitment Scale, Turnover Intention Scale and Counterproductive Work Behaviour measures. The results of study 1 showed that 58.5% of the IT professionals were neither languishing nor flourishing, while 3.9% were languishing. Flourishing strongly impacted job satisfaction and had minor to moderate direct and indirect effects on organisational citizenship behaviour and organisational commitment. Job satisfaction impacted directly and positively on organisational commitment and negatively on turnover intention; and moderately negatively on counterproductive behaviour. Flourishing had both a direct and positive effect, and an indirect and negative effect (via organisational commitment) on turnover intention. Study 2 showed that psychological contract breach and violation strongly and negatively impacted flourishing at work and in life. The results provided support for a model in which psychological contract breach and violation had both direct and indirect effects via satisfaction of psychological needs on job satisfaction, work engagement, turnover intention and flourishing of IT professionals. Study 3 showed that work role fit and the availability of resources were strong predictors of flourishing at work and in life. Work role fit, the availability of resources, and supervisor relations impacted job satisfaction and social well-being indirectly through autonomy satisfaction. The availability of resources impacted work engagement and psychological well-being indirectly via competence satisfaction. Furthermore, work role fit, the availability of resources, and supervisor relations impacted psychological well-being indirectly through relatedness. Recommendations for future research were made. / PhD, Labour relations management, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2012

The happiness of managers is an important research theme for several reasons. Managers spend most of their working day with people, are constantly interacting with various social systems and are role models for happiness in organisations. Furthermore, happiness (in terms of feeling and functioning well) is associated with mental health and positive organisational outcomes. The prevalence of positive mental health is relatively low, with less than a third of the population experiencing high mental health. Research about happiness is necessary given that gains in mental health predict declines in mental illness. Two conceptualisations of happiness, namely authentic happiness (Seligman, 2002), and flourishing (Keyes, 2005) include dimensions of feeling and functioning well. No studies have been conducted regarding the happiness of managers in South Africa. Therefore, research is necessary to investigate the factors associated with happiness, as well as the pathways to managers’ happiness. Psychological need satisfaction is an important pathway through which social-contextual variables impact happiness of people. The aim of this research was to investigate the state of, antecedents and outcomes of happiness of managers in the agricultural sector in South Africa. A cross-sectional design with managers in the South African agricultural sector (N = 507) was used. The Orientations to Happiness Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Job Satisfaction Scale, Organisational Citizenship Behaviour Scale, Organisational Commitment Scale, Antecedents Scale, Work-related Basic Need Satisfaction Scale, Work Engagement Scale, Mental Health Continuum Short Form, Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-being, Work-role Fit Scale, Work-Life Questionnaire and Turnover Intention Scale were utilised. Cronbach alpha coefficients, exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlations, multiple regression analysis, descriptive statistics and mediational analysis (Omnibus procedure) were applied. Structural equation modelling was used to test a structural model of orientations to happiness and its relation to various organisational outcomes. The results of study 1 showed that orientations to happiness (i.e. pleasure, meaning and engagement) had strong direct effects on subjective well-being, job satisfaction and organisational citizenship behaviour. Orientations to happiness impacted job satisfaction indirectly through subjective well-being. Subjective well-being had a strong direct and positive effect on job satisfaction. Orientations to happiness and subjective well-being affected organisational commitment indirectly through their effects on job satisfaction. Concerning happiness as flourishing at work, the results of study 2 showed that 3% of the managers were languishing, 48.5% were moderately flourishing, while 48.5% were flourishing. Task characteristics, supervisor relations, availability of resources impacted job satisfaction, emotional and psychological well-being of managers. Remuneration was associated with job satisfaction, emotional and social well-being. Task characteristics, supervisor relations, personal resources and remuneration satisfied the psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness, which impacted job satisfaction, work engagement and flourishing of managers positively. The results of study 3 showed that factors contributing to meaningful work (work role fit, good co-worker relations, meaningful tasks and work beliefs) had direct effects on psychological need satisfaction, purpose and meaning in life, organisational citizenship behaviour and turnover intention. Work role fit, co-worker relations, task characteristics and career orientation (as a work belief) impacted meaning and purpose in life indirectly through competence satisfaction. Purpose in life impacted turnover intention negatively via psychological need satisfaction, while meaning in life impacted organisational citizenship behaviour and turnover intention via competence and relatedness satisfaction. Recommendations for future research were made. / PhD, Industrial Psychology, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2012

What makes a person willing to leave their job? What makes an employment sustainable?Research have been conducted to explain employee turnover based on three different aspects; a person’s intent to leave, company failure to satisfy the employee’s expectations of the work and sustainable employment. This thesis aimed to investigate work values, employee turnover intention and sustainable employment among the Millennial generation at Company X, a Swedish company working with logistics (n = 59). The millennial generation in this study were defined as people born between 1979-1994. The participants were divided into three age groups: under 24 years of age, between 24 and 39 years and over 39 years. The study applied a combined qualitative and quantitative method. The Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II (COPSOQ) was used and analyzed using ANOVA and regression analysis. Four supplementary semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The quantitative results showed no significant difference between age groups and the COPSOQ dimensions except on the scale Health and Wellbeing. Work and Private life predicted sustainable employment and Cooperation and Leadership significantly predicted turnover intention. Results from the qualitative data helped to identify the underlying causes for sustainable employment and turnover intention. Conclusion: The study suggested that individual factors better explain sustainable employment and turnover intention at Company X rather than generational differences. / Vad gör en person villig att säga upp sig? Vad gör en anställning hållbar? Forskning har gjorts för att förklara personalomsättning baserat på tre aspekter; personens avsikt att lämna, arbetsgivarens misslyckade försök att uppfylla anställdas förväntningar av arbetet och hållbar anställning. Den här studien syftade till att undersöka arbetsvärderingar, personalomsättning och hållbar anställning bland millenniegenerationen på Företag X, ett logistikföretag i Sverige (n = 59). Millenniegeneration definieras i som personer födda mellan 1979 - 1994. Deltagarna blev indelade i åldersgrupperna under 24 år, mellan 24 och 39 år, över 39 år. Studien tillämpade en kombinerad kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod. Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II (COPSOQ) användes och data analyserades genom ANOVA och regressionsanalys. Fyrakompletterande semi-strukturerade intervjuer genomfördes och data analyserades med tematisk analysmetod. Resultaten från de kvantitativa analyserna visade ingen signifikant korrelation mellan åldersgrupper och COPSOQ dimensionerna förutom på skalan Hälsa och Välbefinnande. Arbete och Privatliv var en signifikant prediktor för hållbar anställning och Samarbete och Ledning var en signifikant prediktor för personalomsättning. Resultat från kvalitativa data bidrog till att identifiera de underliggande orsakerna till hållbar anställning och personalomsättning. Slutsats: Studien föreslog att individuella faktorer kan förklara hållbaranställning och personalomsättning hos Företag X bättre än vad generationsskillnader kan.

本研究旨在探討我國國民中學教師知覺領導者—成員交換關係、教師工作滿意度與教師離職傾向之實際情形，並瞭解領導者—成員交換關係對教師離職傾向的影響以及研究教師工作滿意度是否具有中介效果。 研究方法為文獻分析與問卷調查法。研究對象為桃園縣國民中學教師，共發出450份問卷，可用問卷共383份，可用率達85.11％。問卷回收後分別以因素分析、信度分析、描述性統計、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、Pearson積差相關、多元逐步迴歸及逐步階層迴歸分析等統計方法進行研究。根據研究結果與分析後歸納之結論如下： 一、桃園縣國民中學教師知覺領導者—成員交換關係為中等程度，以「情感」之知覺程度為最高，「貢獻」之知覺程度最低。 二、桃園縣國民中學教師在工作滿意的知覺為中等程度，以「自我實現」的知覺為最高，「工作壓力」之知覺為最低。 三、桃園縣國民中學教師在離職傾向的知覺現況為低程度。 四、不同背景變項的桃園縣國民中學教師知覺領導者—成員交換關係、教師工作滿意度與教師離職傾向的程度有差異。 五、桃園縣國民中學教師領導者—成員交換關係、教師工作滿意度與教師離職傾向的知覺，彼此間具有顯著相關。 六、領導者—成員交換關係與教師工作滿意度對教師離職傾向有顯著的聯合預測力，其中以「同僚關係」的預測力最高。 七、教師工作滿意度在領導者—成員交換關係對教師離職傾向的影響上具有中介效果。 最後，根據研究結果提出建議，以供教育行政機關、國民中學學校校長、教師及後續研究之參考。 / This study aims to investigate the current development of the junior high school leader-member exchange, teacher job satisfaction, and teacher turnover intention in Taoyuan County, and to discuss the influ- ence of leader-member exchange and teacher job satisfaction on teacher turnover intention and to test whether teacher job satisfaction is a signi- ficant mediator or not. The research process combines literature review and questionnaire method. Teachers in Taoyuan County public schools are the main survey subjects. Totally 450 questionnaires were distributed to schools, and 383 are valid, which the amount of usefulness is around 85.11%. The data is analyzed through the statistics method of factor analysis, reliability analy- sis, descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product- moment correlation coefficient, multiple stepwise regression analysis and stepwise heirarchical regression analysis. The findings of the study are follows: 1. Teachers in Taoyuan County public schools show median level of perception in leader-member exchange while “affect” is the highest, and “contribution” is the lowest. 2. Teachers in Taoyuan County public schools show median level of perception in teacher job satisfaction while “self-actualization” is the highest, and “work intensity/load” is the lowest. 3. Teachers in Taoyuan County public schools show low level of perception in teacher turnover intention. 4. Teachers with different background show different opinions in leader-member exchange, teacher job satisfaction, and teacher turnover intention. 5. The relations among leader-member exchange, teacher job satisfaction, and teacher turnover intention are significant. 6. Leader-member exchange and teacher job satisfaction show significant predictability to teacher turnover intention while “colleague relationship” is the highest. 7. Teacher job satisfaction functions as a significant mediator between leader-member exchange and teacher turnover intention. According to the above conclusions, the research proposed relevant suggestions to be referenced by education administrative organizations, junior high school principals and teachers, and future researches.

Organisations worldwide are experiencing an explosion of knowledge in the current technological information age as well as a serious skills shortage. The fast-paced aggressive and highly cyclical nature of the profession which often does not provide employees with the necessary resources and support causes employees in the information technology (IT) industry to show high turnover intent which is extremely costly and detrimental to organisational success. IT specialists are becoming a scarce commodity in a highly competitive environment where financial gain is very important and employee well-being is not necessarily a prerogative. Employers are faced with additional obligations than just paying equitable salaries, such as creating an environment that is conducive towards well-being. Efforts to promote flourishing and optimal functioning of employees will affect individual and organisational outcomes. Flourishing and languishing are opposite end points on a continuum of mental health indicating the emotional, psychological and social well-being of individuals. An individual who feels well (emotional well-being) is more likely to function well (psychological and social well-being) which means meeting the criteria for positive mental health as flourishing. Investments in the well-being of employees lay the basis for positive employment relations. The aim of this study was to investigate the flourishing of employees in the information technology industry and to determine the antecedents and outcomes thereof. A cross-sectional survey design was used to gather data regarding the flourishing of IT professionals and its outcomes. A convenience sample (N = 205) was taken of employees in information technology organisations in South Africa. The measuring instruments used were the Mental Health Continuum Short Form, Job Satisfaction Scale, Work Engagement Scale, Work-related Basic Need Satisfaction Scale, Work Role Fit Scale, Psychological Contract Inventory, Violations of PC Questionnaire, Organisational Commitment Scale, Turnover Intention Scale and Counterproductive Work Behaviour measures. The results of study 1 showed that 58.5% of the IT professionals were neither languishing nor flourishing, while 3.9% were languishing. Flourishing strongly impacted job satisfaction and had minor to moderate direct and indirect effects on organisational citizenship behaviour and organisational commitment. Job satisfaction impacted directly and positively on organisational commitment and negatively on turnover intention; and moderately negatively on counterproductive behaviour. Flourishing had both a direct and positive effect, and an indirect and negative effect (via organisational commitment) on turnover intention. Study 2 showed that psychological contract breach and violation strongly and negatively impacted flourishing at work and in life. The results provided support for a model in which psychological contract breach and violation had both direct and indirect effects via satisfaction of psychological needs on job satisfaction, work engagement, turnover intention and flourishing of IT professionals. Study 3 showed that work role fit and the availability of resources were strong predictors of flourishing at work and in life. Work role fit, the availability of resources, and supervisor relations impacted job satisfaction and social well-being indirectly through autonomy satisfaction. The availability of resources impacted work engagement and psychological well-being indirectly via competence satisfaction. Furthermore, work role fit, the availability of resources, and supervisor relations impacted psychological well-being indirectly through relatedness. Recommendations for future research were made. / PhD, Labour relations management, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2012

The happiness of managers is an important research theme for several reasons. Managers spend most of their working day with people, are constantly interacting with various social systems and are role models for happiness in organisations. Furthermore, happiness (in terms of feeling and functioning well) is associated with mental health and positive organisational outcomes. The prevalence of positive mental health is relatively low, with less than a third of the population experiencing high mental health. Research about happiness is necessary given that gains in mental health predict declines in mental illness. Two conceptualisations of happiness, namely authentic happiness (Seligman, 2002), and flourishing (Keyes, 2005) include dimensions of feeling and functioning well. No studies have been conducted regarding the happiness of managers in South Africa. Therefore, research is necessary to investigate the factors associated with happiness, as well as the pathways to managers’ happiness. Psychological need satisfaction is an important pathway through which social-contextual variables impact happiness of people. The aim of this research was to investigate the state of, antecedents and outcomes of happiness of managers in the agricultural sector in South Africa. A cross-sectional design with managers in the South African agricultural sector (N = 507) was used. The Orientations to Happiness Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Job Satisfaction Scale, Organisational Citizenship Behaviour Scale, Organisational Commitment Scale, Antecedents Scale, Work-related Basic Need Satisfaction Scale, Work Engagement Scale, Mental Health Continuum Short Form, Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-being, Work-role Fit Scale, Work-Life Questionnaire and Turnover Intention Scale were utilised. Cronbach alpha coefficients, exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlations, multiple regression analysis, descriptive statistics and mediational analysis (Omnibus procedure) were applied. Structural equation modelling was used to test a structural model of orientations to happiness and its relation to various organisational outcomes. The results of study 1 showed that orientations to happiness (i.e. pleasure, meaning and engagement) had strong direct effects on subjective well-being, job satisfaction and organisational citizenship behaviour. Orientations to happiness impacted job satisfaction indirectly through subjective well-being. Subjective well-being had a strong direct and positive effect on job satisfaction. Orientations to happiness and subjective well-being affected organisational commitment indirectly through their effects on job satisfaction. Concerning happiness as flourishing at work, the results of study 2 showed that 3% of the managers were languishing, 48.5% were moderately flourishing, while 48.5% were flourishing. Task characteristics, supervisor relations, availability of resources impacted job satisfaction, emotional and psychological well-being of managers. Remuneration was associated with job satisfaction, emotional and social well-being. Task characteristics, supervisor relations, personal resources and remuneration satisfied the psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness, which impacted job satisfaction, work engagement and flourishing of managers positively. The results of study 3 showed that factors contributing to meaningful work (work role fit, good co-worker relations, meaningful tasks and work beliefs) had direct effects on psychological need satisfaction, purpose and meaning in life, organisational citizenship behaviour and turnover intention. Work role fit, co-worker relations, task characteristics and career orientation (as a work belief) impacted meaning and purpose in life indirectly through competence satisfaction. Purpose in life impacted turnover intention negatively via psychological need satisfaction, while meaning in life impacted organisational citizenship behaviour and turnover intention via competence and relatedness satisfaction. Recommendations for future research were made. / PhD, Industrial Psychology, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2012