Traços de insensibilidade (callous) e afetividade restrita (unemotional) estão associados à característica essencial de comportamento antissocial na infância e adolescência. O Inventory of callous-unemotional traits (ICU), traduzido como Inventário de traços de insensibilidade e afetividade restrita, é um instrumento de autorrelato, com 24 itens, que mensura esses traços. No entanto, o ICU ainda não foi adaptado para o português falado no Brasil. O presente estudo tem por objetivo realizar a adaptação transcultural do ICU e verificar as evidências de validação psicométricas para adolescentes brasileiros. O estudo foi dividido em duas etapas: a primeira, de tradução, retradução, avaliação por comitê de especialistas e avaliação da clareza, da versão pré-final traduzida; e a segunda, a avaliação das evidências das seguintes propriedades psicométricas da versão final: validade de constructo, por meio da análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC) e exploratória (AFE); consistência interna via confiabilidade intra e interavaliadores; e validade de convergência através da correlação com o Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades – versão criança (SDQ-C). A amostra foi composta por adolescentes, entre 10 a 17 anos, de ambos os sexos, matriculados em quatro escolas da rede pública de ensino fundamental. A AFC foi embasada em oito modelos de estrutura fatorial, conforme estudos prévios de validação do ICU. O instrumento foi aplicado novamente em 40 alunos sorteados, com intervalo de 15 dias, para verificar a confiabilidade intra-avaliadores (teste-reteste). A pesquisa foi aprovada em Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (CAEE nº 19651113.5.0000.5338). Após as considerações do comitê de especialistas e a aprovação do autor do ICU, 40 alunos avaliaram a clareza da versão pré-final e os termos considerados de menor entendimento foram adequados, concluindo-se, então, a etapa de adaptação transcultural. A versão final do ICU foi aplicada em 1307 estudantes, sendo 673(51,5%) do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 12,7(DP=1,68) anos. Os modelos fatoriais com melhores ajustes foram: o bifatorial adaptado de dois fatores de Hawes et al. (2014), e o bifatorial de três fatores de Waller et al. (2015). Os resultados das cargas fatoriais após AFE foi aceitável para ambos os modelos, sendo a versão breve (ICU-B) com um fator geral de 12 itens e dois fatores definidos como: insensibilidade (callous – 7 itens) e indiferença (uncaring – 5 itens). A versão do ICU com 18 itens também permaneceu com um fator geral e os três fatores definidos como: insensibilidade (callous – 9 itens), indiferença (uncaring – 4 itens) e afetividade restrita (unemotional – 5 itens). A consistência interna intra-avaliadores foi satisfatória, com coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC) >0,700, em ambos os modelos. A confiabiliadade interavaliadores foi considerada moderada, no fator geral, para o ICU com 12 itens (alfa Cronbach = 0,616) e o modelo ICU de 18 itens foi satisfatória (α= 0,700). Houve convergência do ICU com o SDQ-C, sendo as correlações significativas negativas (r >0,300) entre o domínio pró-social e correlação significativa positiva com o domínio conduta e hiperatividade. Após a realização da adaptação transcultural e a avaliação das evidências de validação psicométricas do ICU para adolescentes brasileiros, obteve-se dois modelos com bons ajustes: com 12 itens (ICU-B) e com 18 itens (ICU). O constructo, conforme foi determinado após as evidências de validação, poderá favorecer a detecção precoce de características psicopatológicas em adolescentes brasileiros e contribuir para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas no tema. / Callous and unemotional traits are associated with the essential characteristics of antisocial behavior in infancy and adolescence. The Inventory of Callous-unemotional traits (ICU) is a self-report instrument, with 24 items that measure those traits. However, ICU has not being adapted for brazilian portuguese yet. The aim of this study is to perform cross-cultural adaptation of the ICU and verify the psychometric evidences for Brazilian adolescents. This study was divided in two stages: the first part in translation, backtranslation, consideration of the committee of experts and clarity evaluation, of the prefinal translated version. The second stage is evidence evaluations of the following psychometric propriety of the final version: construct validity throughout confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA); internal consistency via inter and intra-rater reliability; and convergence validation through the correlation with the Strengths and Difficulty Questionnaire– child version (SDQ-C). The sample was made up of teenagers between 10 and 17 years old, both sex, enrolled in four public primary schools. The CFA was based in eight factor structure models, according to previous studies of ICU validation. The instrument was applied again in 40 students randomly selected, with an interval of 15 days to verify intra-rater reliability (test-retest). The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CAEE nº 19651113.5.0000.5338). After the committee’s considerations and the approval of ICU’s author, 40 students evaluated the clarity of the pre-final version and adapted the terms that were less comprehensible, concluding then the cross-cultural adaptation step. The final version of ICU was applied in 1307 students, being 673(51,5%) male, with mean of 12,7(SD= 1,68) years old. The factorial models with best adjustments were bifactors adapted of two factors by Hawes et al. (2014), and bifactor of three factors by Waller et al. (2015). The factor loading results after EFA were acceptable for both models, being the brief version (ICU-B) with a general factor of 12 items and two factors defined as: callous (7 items) and uncaring (5 items). The ICU version with 18 items also remained with a general factor and three factors defined as: callous (9 items), uncaring (4 items) and unemotional (5 items). Intra-rater consistency was satisfactory, with intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) >0,700 in both models. Interrater reliability was considered moderated, in general factor, for the ICU with 12 items (alfa Cronbach = 0,616) and the ICU model of 18 items was satisfactory (α=0,700). There was convergence between ICU and SDQ-C, being the negative significant correlation (r >0,300) between pro-social dominance and positive significant correlation with conduct dominance and hyperactivity. After the ICU’s cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation evidences adapted for Brazilian adolescents, two models were obtained with good adjustments: ICU-B (12 items) and ICU (18 items). The construct as determined by validation evidences might help in earlier detection of psychopathologic characteristics in brazilian adolescents and contribute to the development of researches in this subject. / Rasgos de insensibilidad (callous) y afectividad restricta (unemotional) se asocian a la característica esencial del comportamiento antisocial en la niñez y adolescencia. El Inventory of callous-unemotional traits (ICU), traducido como inventario de trazos de insensibilidad y afectividad restricta, es un instrumento de auto-relato, con 24 ítems, que mensura estos trazos. Sin embargo, el ICU todavía no fue adaptado para el portugués hablado en Brasil. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo realizar la adaptación transcultural del ICU y verificar las evidencias de validación psicométricas para adolescentes brasileños. El estudio se divide en dos etapas: la primera, de traducción, re-traducción, evaluación por comité de expertos y evaluación de claridad, de la versión pre-final traducida; y la segunda, la evaluación de las evidencias de las siguientes propiedades psicométricas de la versión final: validad del constructo, por medio del análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) y exploratorio (AFE); consistencia interna vía fiabilidad intra e inter-evaluadores; y validad de convergencia a través de la correlación con el cuestionario de capacidades y dificultades – versión para niños (SDQ-C). La muestra es compuesta por adolescentes, entre 10 a 17 años, de ambos los sexos, matriculados en cuatro escuelas públicas de enseñanza primaria. La AFC fue embazada en ocho modelos de estructura factorial, según estudios previos de evaluación del ICU. El instrumento se aplicó nuevamente en 40 alumnos sorteados, con intervalo de 15 días para verificar la fiabilidad intra-evaluadores (teste-reteste). La investigación fue aprobada en el Comité de Ética en Investigación (CAEE nº 19651113.5.0000.5338). Después de las consideraciones del comité de expertos y la aprobación del autor del ICU, 40 alumnos evaluaron la claridad de la versión pre-final y se adecuaron los términos considerados de menor entendimiento, concluyendo, de esa forma, la etapa de la adaptación transcultural. La versión final del ICU se aplicó en 1307 estudiantes, siendo 673(51,5%) del sexo masculino, con edad media de 12,7(DP= 1,68) años. Los modelos factoriales con mejores ajustes fueron: el bi-factorial adaptado de dos factores de Hawes et al. (2014), y el bi-factorial de tres factores de Waller et al. (2015). Los resultados de las cargas factoriales tras el AFE fue aceptable para ambos los modelos, siendo la versión breve (ICU-B) con un factor general de 12 ítems y dos factores definidos como: insensibilidad (callous - 7 ítems) y indiferencia (uncaring - 5 ítems). La versión del ICU con 18 ítems también se quedó con un factor general y tres factores definidos como: insensibilidad (callous – 9 ítems), indiferencia (uncaring – 4 ítems) y afectividad restricta (unemotional – 5 ítems). La consistencia interna intra-evaluadores fue satisfactoria, con coeficiente de correlación intraclase (ICC) >0,700 en ambos modelos, la fiabilidad inter-evaluadores se consideró moderada, el factor general para el ICU con 12 ítems (alfa Cronbach =0,616) e o modelo ICU de 18 ítems fue satisfactoria (=0,700). Hubo convergencia del ICU con el SDQ-C, siendo las correlaciones significativas negativas (r>0,300) entre el dominio pro-social y correlación significativa positiva con el dominio conducta e hiperactividad. Después de la realización de la adaptación transcultural y la evaluación de las evidencias de validación psicométricas del ICU para adolescentes brasileños, se obtuvo dos modelos con buenos ajustes: con 12 ítems (ICU-B) y con 18 ítems (ICU). El constructo conforme determinado tras las evidencias de validación podrá favorecer la detección precoz de características psicopatológicas en adolescentes brasileños y contribuir para el desarrollo de investigaciones en el tema.

Traços de insensibilidade (callous) e afetividade restrita (unemotional) estão associados à característica essencial de comportamento antissocial na infância e adolescência. O Inventory of callous-unemotional traits (ICU), traduzido como Inventário de traços de insensibilidade e afetividade restrita, é um instrumento de autorrelato, com 24 itens, que mensura esses traços. No entanto, o ICU ainda não foi adaptado para o português falado no Brasil. O presente estudo tem por objetivo realizar a adaptação transcultural do ICU e verificar as evidências de validação psicométricas para adolescentes brasileiros. O estudo foi dividido em duas etapas: a primeira, de tradução, retradução, avaliação por comitê de especialistas e avaliação da clareza, da versão pré-final traduzida; e a segunda, a avaliação das evidências das seguintes propriedades psicométricas da versão final: validade de constructo, por meio da análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC) e exploratória (AFE); consistência interna via confiabilidade intra e interavaliadores; e validade de convergência através da correlação com o Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades – versão criança (SDQ-C). A amostra foi composta por adolescentes, entre 10 a 17 anos, de ambos os sexos, matriculados em quatro escolas da rede pública de ensino fundamental. A AFC foi embasada em oito modelos de estrutura fatorial, conforme estudos prévios de validação do ICU. O instrumento foi aplicado novamente em 40 alunos sorteados, com intervalo de 15 dias, para verificar a confiabilidade intra-avaliadores (teste-reteste). A pesquisa foi aprovada em Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (CAEE nº 19651113.5.0000.5338). Após as considerações do comitê de especialistas e a aprovação do autor do ICU, 40 alunos avaliaram a clareza da versão pré-final e os termos considerados de menor entendimento foram adequados, concluindo-se, então, a etapa de adaptação transcultural. A versão final do ICU foi aplicada em 1307 estudantes, sendo 673(51,5%) do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 12,7(DP=1,68) anos. Os modelos fatoriais com melhores ajustes foram: o bifatorial adaptado de dois fatores de Hawes et al. (2014), e o bifatorial de três fatores de Waller et al. (2015). Os resultados das cargas fatoriais após AFE foi aceitável para ambos os modelos, sendo a versão breve (ICU-B) com um fator geral de 12 itens e dois fatores definidos como: insensibilidade (callous – 7 itens) e indiferença (uncaring – 5 itens). A versão do ICU com 18 itens também permaneceu com um fator geral e os três fatores definidos como: insensibilidade (callous – 9 itens), indiferença (uncaring – 4 itens) e afetividade restrita (unemotional – 5 itens). A consistência interna intra-avaliadores foi satisfatória, com coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC) >0,700, em ambos os modelos. A confiabiliadade interavaliadores foi considerada moderada, no fator geral, para o ICU com 12 itens (alfa Cronbach = 0,616) e o modelo ICU de 18 itens foi satisfatória (α= 0,700). Houve convergência do ICU com o SDQ-C, sendo as correlações significativas negativas (r >0,300) entre o domínio pró-social e correlação significativa positiva com o domínio conduta e hiperatividade. Após a realização da adaptação transcultural e a avaliação das evidências de validação psicométricas do ICU para adolescentes brasileiros, obteve-se dois modelos com bons ajustes: com 12 itens (ICU-B) e com 18 itens (ICU). O constructo, conforme foi determinado após as evidências de validação, poderá favorecer a detecção precoce de características psicopatológicas em adolescentes brasileiros e contribuir para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas no tema. / Callous and unemotional traits are associated with the essential characteristics of antisocial behavior in infancy and adolescence. The Inventory of Callous-unemotional traits (ICU) is a self-report instrument, with 24 items that measure those traits. However, ICU has not being adapted for brazilian portuguese yet. The aim of this study is to perform cross-cultural adaptation of the ICU and verify the psychometric evidences for Brazilian adolescents. This study was divided in two stages: the first part in translation, backtranslation, consideration of the committee of experts and clarity evaluation, of the prefinal translated version. The second stage is evidence evaluations of the following psychometric propriety of the final version: construct validity throughout confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA); internal consistency via inter and intra-rater reliability; and convergence validation through the correlation with the Strengths and Difficulty Questionnaire– child version (SDQ-C). The sample was made up of teenagers between 10 and 17 years old, both sex, enrolled in four public primary schools. The CFA was based in eight factor structure models, according to previous studies of ICU validation. The instrument was applied again in 40 students randomly selected, with an interval of 15 days to verify intra-rater reliability (test-retest). The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CAEE nº 19651113.5.0000.5338). After the committee’s considerations and the approval of ICU’s author, 40 students evaluated the clarity of the pre-final version and adapted the terms that were less comprehensible, concluding then the cross-cultural adaptation step. The final version of ICU was applied in 1307 students, being 673(51,5%) male, with mean of 12,7(SD= 1,68) years old. The factorial models with best adjustments were bifactors adapted of two factors by Hawes et al. (2014), and bifactor of three factors by Waller et al. (2015). The factor loading results after EFA were acceptable for both models, being the brief version (ICU-B) with a general factor of 12 items and two factors defined as: callous (7 items) and uncaring (5 items). The ICU version with 18 items also remained with a general factor and three factors defined as: callous (9 items), uncaring (4 items) and unemotional (5 items). Intra-rater consistency was satisfactory, with intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) >0,700 in both models. Interrater reliability was considered moderated, in general factor, for the ICU with 12 items (alfa Cronbach = 0,616) and the ICU model of 18 items was satisfactory (α=0,700). There was convergence between ICU and SDQ-C, being the negative significant correlation (r >0,300) between pro-social dominance and positive significant correlation with conduct dominance and hyperactivity. After the ICU’s cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation evidences adapted for Brazilian adolescents, two models were obtained with good adjustments: ICU-B (12 items) and ICU (18 items). The construct as determined by validation evidences might help in earlier detection of psychopathologic characteristics in brazilian adolescents and contribute to the development of researches in this subject. / Rasgos de insensibilidad (callous) y afectividad restricta (unemotional) se asocian a la característica esencial del comportamiento antisocial en la niñez y adolescencia. El Inventory of callous-unemotional traits (ICU), traducido como inventario de trazos de insensibilidad y afectividad restricta, es un instrumento de auto-relato, con 24 ítems, que mensura estos trazos. Sin embargo, el ICU todavía no fue adaptado para el portugués hablado en Brasil. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo realizar la adaptación transcultural del ICU y verificar las evidencias de validación psicométricas para adolescentes brasileños. El estudio se divide en dos etapas: la primera, de traducción, re-traducción, evaluación por comité de expertos y evaluación de claridad, de la versión pre-final traducida; y la segunda, la evaluación de las evidencias de las siguientes propiedades psicométricas de la versión final: validad del constructo, por medio del análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) y exploratorio (AFE); consistencia interna vía fiabilidad intra e inter-evaluadores; y validad de convergencia a través de la correlación con el cuestionario de capacidades y dificultades – versión para niños (SDQ-C). La muestra es compuesta por adolescentes, entre 10 a 17 años, de ambos los sexos, matriculados en cuatro escuelas públicas de enseñanza primaria. La AFC fue embazada en ocho modelos de estructura factorial, según estudios previos de evaluación del ICU. El instrumento se aplicó nuevamente en 40 alumnos sorteados, con intervalo de 15 días para verificar la fiabilidad intra-evaluadores (teste-reteste). La investigación fue aprobada en el Comité de Ética en Investigación (CAEE nº 19651113.5.0000.5338). Después de las consideraciones del comité de expertos y la aprobación del autor del ICU, 40 alumnos evaluaron la claridad de la versión pre-final y se adecuaron los términos considerados de menor entendimiento, concluyendo, de esa forma, la etapa de la adaptación transcultural. La versión final del ICU se aplicó en 1307 estudiantes, siendo 673(51,5%) del sexo masculino, con edad media de 12,7(DP= 1,68) años. Los modelos factoriales con mejores ajustes fueron: el bi-factorial adaptado de dos factores de Hawes et al. (2014), y el bi-factorial de tres factores de Waller et al. (2015). Los resultados de las cargas factoriales tras el AFE fue aceptable para ambos los modelos, siendo la versión breve (ICU-B) con un factor general de 12 ítems y dos factores definidos como: insensibilidad (callous - 7 ítems) y indiferencia (uncaring - 5 ítems). La versión del ICU con 18 ítems también se quedó con un factor general y tres factores definidos como: insensibilidad (callous – 9 ítems), indiferencia (uncaring – 4 ítems) y afectividad restricta (unemotional – 5 ítems). La consistencia interna intra-evaluadores fue satisfactoria, con coeficiente de correlación intraclase (ICC) >0,700 en ambos modelos, la fiabilidad inter-evaluadores se consideró moderada, el factor general para el ICU con 12 ítems (alfa Cronbach =0,616) e o modelo ICU de 18 ítems fue satisfactoria (=0,700). Hubo convergencia del ICU con el SDQ-C, siendo las correlaciones significativas negativas (r>0,300) entre el dominio pro-social y correlación significativa positiva con el dominio conducta e hiperactividad. Después de la realización de la adaptación transcultural y la evaluación de las evidencias de validación psicométricas del ICU para adolescentes brasileños, se obtuvo dos modelos con buenos ajustes: con 12 ítems (ICU-B) y con 18 ítems (ICU). El constructo conforme determinado tras las evidencias de validación podrá favorecer la detección precoz de características psicopatológicas en adolescentes brasileños y contribuir para el desarrollo de investigaciones en el tema.

Les traits d’insensibilité émotionnelle, tels le manque d’empathie, le manque de remords et l’affect superficiel, sont corrélés avec les troubles de comportement chez les jeunes. La recherche suggère que les traits d’insensibilité émotionnelle et les troubles de comportement sont influencés par des facteurs génétiques communs, et pourraient aussi être influencés, du moins en partie, par des facteurs environnementaux communs. Bien que travaux antérieurs suggèrent que les traits d’insensibilité émotionnelle soient positivement (p. ex., hyperactivité) ou négativement (p. ex., anxiété) associés à d’autres symptômes de psychopathologie, les études portant sur les facteurs étiologiques communs aux traits d’insensibilité émotionnelle et ces autres symptômes de psychopathologie sont plus limitées. Objectifs. Nous proposons d’examiner les associations étiologiques entre les traits d’insensibilité émotionnelle et 1) les troubles de comportement, 2) l’hyperactivité, et 3) l’anxiété, à l’aide d’un échantillon de jumeaux. Méthode. Les participants sont 204 paires complètes et 18 paires incomplètes de jumeaux de même sexe (n = 426; 42% filles; 43% MZ; âge = 15 ans) issus du Child and Adolescents Twin Study in Sweden, une étude longitudinale composée de jumeaux suédois. Des mesures auto-révélées ont été utilisées pour évaluer les traits d’insensibilité émotionnelle, les troubles de comportement, l’hyperactivité et l’anxiété. Des modèles d’équations structurelles ont été estimés afin d’évaluer les contributions génétiques et environnementales des traits d’insensibilité émotionnelle ainsi que leur chevauchement étiologique avec les troubles de comportement, l’hyperactivité et l’anxiété. Résultats. Nous avons trouvé une corrélation génétique forte et positive entre les traits d’insensibilité émotionnelle et les troubles de comportement, mais aucune corrélation significative sur le plan des facteurs environnementaux. Nous avons trouvé une corrélation génétique modérée entre les traits d’insensibilité émotionnelle et l’hyperactivité. Nous avons également trouvé une corrélation génétique modeste et négative entre les traits d’insensibilité émotionnelle et l’anxiété. Conclusion. Ces résultats suggèrent l’existence de facteurs génétiques communs expliquant les traits d’insensibilité émotionnelle et les troubles de comportement, plus particulièrement, et dans une moindre mesure les traits d’insensibilité émotionnelle et l’hyperactivité. En outre, les résultats suggèrent que des facteurs génétiques contribuant à la présence de traits d’insensibilité émotionnelle contribueraient aussi à la diminution des symptômes d’anxiété. / Callous-unemotional (CU) traits, such as lack of empathy, lack of guilt and shallow affect, are associated with conduct problems in youth. Research suggests that CU traits and conduct problems share common genetic factors and, possibly environmental factors. Despite evidence for a behavioural association between CU traits and hyperactivity and between CU traits and low anxiety, the etiological associations between these pairs have been considerably less explored. Objectives. Using a twin model-fitting approach, we investigated the etiological associations between CU traits and 1) conduct problems, 2) hyperactivity and 3) anxiety. Method. Participants were 204 complete pairs and 18 incomplete pairs of same-sex twins (n = 426; 42% female; 43% MZ; age = 15) drawn from the Child and Adolescents Twin Study in Sweden, a longitudinal study of twins born in Sweden. CU traits, conduct problems, hyperactivity and anxiety were assessed through self-reports. Structural equation modeling was used to conduct model-fitting analyses. Results. We found a strong positive genetic correlation between CU traits and conduct problems but no significant environmental correlations. We found a moderate genetic correlation between CU traits and hyperactivity. We also found a modest but significant negative genetic correlation between CU traits and anxiety. Conclusion. These findings suggest that common genetic factors explain CU traits and conduct problems, more particularly, and to a lesser extent CU traits and hyperactivity. In addition, these findings suggest that some of the genetic factors contributing to CU traits may also contribute to decreasing levels of anxiety.

No description available.

Les traits d’insensibilité émotionnelle (TIÉ) sont définis comme une constellation de caractéristiques incluant des affects superficiels, le manque de remords et de culpabilité et une réponse empathique réduite aux états affectifs d’autrui. En effet, des associations négatives ont été identifiées entre les TIÉ et différentes formes d’empathie, soit l’empathie motrice, l’empathie affective, et l’empathie cognitive. La plupart des travaux dans ce domaine ont porté sur des échantillons de garçons, de sorte que les connaissances sur le sujet auprès des filles sont limitées. En outre, l’hétérogénéité des personnes ayant des TIÉ n’a pas toujours été considérée dans les travaux antérieurs. L’anxiété a toutefois été proposée comme une caractéristique permettant de distinguer deux variantes des TIÉ, l’une caractérisée par un niveau élevé d’anxiété et l’autre par un niveau faible d’anxiété. Dans cette étude, nous visons à examiner les associations entre les TIÉ et différentes formes d’empathie (motrice, affective et cognitive) auprès d’un échantillon d’adolescentes. Nous visons également à examiner le rôle modérateur de l’anxiété dans ces associations. Notre échantillon est composé d’adolescentes (M = 15,55 ans; É-T = 1,64) issues de la communauté ou suivies dans le cadre de services sociojudiciaires (n = 200). Les résultats indiquent que les TIÉ sont associés à une empathie motrice plus faible, et que l’anxiété ne modère pas cette relation. Les TIÉ sont également associés à une empathie affective plus faible, mais pour cette forme d’empathie, l’anxiété jouerait un rôle modérateur. En effet, à mesure que les scores de TIÉ augmentent, les scores d’empathie affective diminuent, et ce, en particulier lorsque les scores d’anxiété sont faibles. Les analyses effectuées ne permettent pas de tirer de conclusions claires quant aux associations entre les TIÉ et l’empathie cognitive. Enfin, nous abordons le sujet des implications pratiques quant aux stratégies d’intervention découlant de nos travaux et quant aux travaux futurs. / Callous unemotional (CU) traits encompass a range of charact e ristics, such as superficial affects, a lack of remorse , guilt , and reduced empathic response to others' emotional states. Indeed, negative associations have been identified between CU traits and different forms of empathy, namely motor empathy, affective empathy, and cognitive empathy. Most of the research in this f ield has focused on samples of boys, limiting our understanding of the subject regarding girls. Moreover , the heterogeneity among ind ividuals with CU traits has not always been considered in previous studies. Anxiety is often considered as a distinguishing characteristic between two variants of CU traits, one characterized by high anxiety and the other by low anxiety. In this study, we aim to examine the associations between CU traits and various forms of empathy (motor, affective, and co gnitive) in a sample of adolescent girls. We also explore the moderating role of anxiety in these associations. Our sample comprises adolescent girls (M = 15.55 years; SD = 1.64) from the community or involved in socio legal services (n = 200). The results reveal an association between CU traits and a reduced motor empathy, with no moderation effect of anxiety. Additionally, CU traits are associated with a reduced affective empathy, and it appears that anxiety plays a moderating role in this association. As CU traits scores increase, affective empathy scores d ecrease, particularly when anxiety scores are low. The analyses did not lead to any clear conclusi ons regarding the associations between CU traits and cognitive empathy. Finally, we discuss the practical implications of our findings for intervention strategies and future research.

No description available.

Callous and unemotional (CU) traits in children with conduct problems have been indicated as precursors to adult psychopathy. The analysis of the sensitivity to rewards and punishment in this population may be useful in the identification of effective behavior modification programs and particularly the delineation of ineffective punishment procedures. Scores on the Child Psychopathy Scale, Inventory of Callous and Unemotional Traits, Contingency Response Rating Scale and the Sensitivity to Reward Sensitivity to Punishment – Children Revised scale were used to evaluate 20 children, aged 7-13, recruited from FIU’s Center for Children and Families. The sample comprised 14 males and 6 females displaying a range of psychopathic traits measured by the CPS, with scores from 9 to 46 (M = 28.45, SD = 10.73). Sensitivity to punishment was examined using a behavioral task in which children endured various amounts of either white noise (type I punishment) or time-out from positive reinforcement (type II punishment) in order to gain access to a demonstrated reinforcer. The sample was stratified on the basis of the magnitude of psychopathy scores, and sensitivity to rewards and punishment were evaluated using a Behavioral Activation / Behavioral Inhibition framework by examining task performance: the frequency and duration of punishment conditions selected, electrodermal activity (skin conductance response), and parent-reported measures of child sensitivity to reward and punishment. Results indicated that the magnitude of CU traits was directly proportional to hyposensitivity to punishment and hypersensitivity to reward. Children with elevated levels of CU traits elected to endure a greater frequency and duration type I punishment in order to maintain continued access to the reinforcer. Significant differences were not found between high- and low-psychopathy children in the selection of type II punishment. The findings indicate that although there may be a hyporeactivity to type I punishment in children with CU traits, the use of a type II punishment by the removal of a positive stimulus has demonstrated treatment efficacy. The difference in sensitivity to rewards and the types of effective punishment in children with CU traits may affect reinforcement based learning, leading to the ineffectiveness of traditional methods informing the development of social responses.

Les comportements sexuels problématiques (CSP) chez les enfants représentent une problématique complexe tant sur le plan de la recherche que de l’intervention clinique. L’hétérogénéité des enfants qui présentent des CSP est un défi sur les plans conceptuel et méthodologique. Alors que la recherche sur les facteurs associés aux CSP présentés par les enfants apparaît quelque peu limitée, plusieurs indices laissent supposer une association entre les CSP et les traits d’insensibilité émotionnelle. Ces traits sont caractérisés par un affect superficiel ainsi qu’un manque d’empathie et de remords. Seulement quelques études à ce jour ont exploré cette association et aucune n’a porté spécifiquement sur les enfants âgés de 6 à 12 ans. Les traits d’insensibilité émotionnelle sont importants à considérer puisqu’ils sont associés à la gravité des gestes d’agression chez les jeunes et à une résistance accrue à l’intervention. Objectifs. L’objectif général de ce mémoire est de mieux comprendre les facteurs associés à la variété des CSP. Plus précisément, nous voulons comprendre si et dans quelle mesure les traits d’insensibilité émotionnelle sont associés aux CSP. Nous avons donc proposé un modèle conceptuel adapté qui tient compte des traits d’insensibilité émotionnelle. Méthode. Notre échantillon est constitué de 90 dyades parent-enfant (M âge enfant = 9,1 ans ; É-T = 2,2 ; 36,7% filles) ayant reçu des services de psychothérapie pour leurs CSP au Centre d’expertise Marie-Vincent entre 2006 et 2010. Les participants ont complété une batterie d’évaluation incluant plusieurs instruments de mesure qui permettent de refléter l’ensemble des dimensions du modèle conceptuel. Un score de traits d’insensibilité émotionnelle a été dérivé à partir de divers instruments mesurant le comportement des enfants. Un modèle de régression linéaire hiérarchique a été élaboré afin d’estimer l’influence des traits d’insensibilité émotionnelle, en prenant en compte l’influence des autres variables individuelles et familiales. Résultats. Les résultats ont révélé que les traits d’insensibilité émotionnelle ne sont pas associés aux CSP des enfants lorsque leurs comportements extériorisés sont également pris en compte. Par ailleurs, la présence de comportements extériorisés et l’exposition à un cumul d’expériences de victimisation, excluant la victimisation sexuelle, étaient des facteurs associés à la variété des CSP. Il n’y avait également pas d’association significative entre la victimisation sexuelle et la variété des CSP. Conclusion. Les résultats appuient en partie le modèle conceptuel proposé. Des recherches reposant sur de plus grands échantillons devraient être effectuées pour mieux comprendre l’association entre les traits d’insensibilité émotionnelle et les CSP. Les résultats suggèrent néanmoins que les comportements extériorisés et les expériences de victimisation non sexuelles contribuent davantage à expliquer la variété des CSP chez les enfants référés pour une intervention que la victimisation sexuelle. / Sexual behavior problems (SBP) in children represent a complex issue both in terms of research and clinical intervention. The heterogeneity of children with SBP is a conceptual and methodological challenge. While research on the factors associated with SBP presented by children appears somewhat limited, there is some ground of belief in an association between SBP and callous-unemotional traits (e.g., superficial affect and lack of empathy and remorse). Few studies to date have explored this association, and none has focused specifically on children aged between 6 and 12 years old. These traits are important to consider because they are associated with the severity of aggression behaviors in youth and an increased resistance to intervention. Objectives. The main objective of this Masters’ thesis is to foster our understanding of the factors associated with the variety of SBP. Specifically, we want to understand if and to what extent callous-unemotional traits are associated with SBP. We have therefore proposed an adapted conceptual model that takes into account callous-unemotional traits. Method. Our sample consists of 90 parent-child dyads (M child’s age = 9.1 years ; SD = 2.2 ; 36.7% girls), who received psychotherapy services for SBP at the Marie-Vincent Center between 2006 and 2010. Participants completed an assessment battery including several instruments that reflect all the dimensions of the conceptual model. A score of callous-unemotional traits was derived from various instruments measuring children's behavior. A hierarchical linear regression model was developed to estimate the influence of callous-unemotional traits, taking into account the influence of the individual and family variables. Results. Results revealed that callous-unemotional traits were not associated with children's SBP when their externalized behaviors were taken into account. In addition, the presence of externalized behaviors and exposure to a combination of victimization experiences, excluding sexual victimization, were associated with the variety of SBP. There was also no significant association between sexual victimization and the variety of SBP. Conclusion. The results partially support the proposed conceptual model. Research with larger samples should be done to better understand the influence of callous-unemotional traits on SBP. The results suggest, however, that externalized behaviors and non-sexual victimization experiences are more important in explaining the variety of SBP of children referred for an intervention than sexual victimization.

This study tested the utility of three different models of personality, namely the social and personality model, the pathological personality traits model, and the psychological dysregulation model, in predicting overt aggression, relational aggression, and delinquency in a sample of detained boys (ages 12 to 18; M age = 15.31; SD = 1.16). Results indicated that the three personality approaches demonstrated different unique associations with aggression and delinquency. The psychological dysregulation approach, composed of behavioral dysregulation, emotional dysregulation, and cognitive dysregulation, emerged as the overall best predictor of overt aggression, relational aggression, and delinquency. After controlling for the Big Five personality traits, psychological dysregulation accounted for significant variance in overt aggression and delinquency, but not relational aggression. After controlling for callous-unemotional traits and narcissistic traits, psychological dysregulation also accounted for significant variance in overt aggression, relational aggression, and delinquency. Psychological dysregulation did not account for significant variance in aggression or delinquency after controlling for borderline traits. The pathological personality traits approach, comprised of callous-unemotional traits, narcissistic traits, and borderline traits performed second best. In particular, within this approach borderline traits accounted for the most unique variance, followed by narcissistic traits, then callous-unemotional traits. Borderline traits accounted for significant variance in overt aggression, relational aggression, and delinquency when controlling for the Big Five traits, but not after controlling for psychological dysregulation. Narcissistic traits only accounted for significant variance in overt aggression and relational aggression after controlling for the Big Five personality traits, but not after controlling for psychological dysregulation. CU traits only accounted for significant variance in overt aggression after controlling for the Big Five personality traits, but not after controlling for psychological dysregulation. The social and personality model, represented by the Big Five personality traits accounted for the least amount of variance in the prediction of aggression and delinquency, on its own, and when pitted against the other two personality approaches. The exception was that the Big Five personality traits accounted for significant variance in relational aggression beyond narcissistic traits, as well as psychological dysregulation. These findings have implications for assessment and intervention with aggressive and antisocial youth.