Einleitung: Es wird angenommen, dass die zyklusbedingten, hormonellen Änderungen die vegetative Ansteuerung des Herzens bei normotensiven Frauen beeinflussen. Die Herzfrequenzvariabilität (HRV) stellt einen der am häufigsten untersuchten, nicht-invasiven Parameter des Herz-Kreislauf-Systems dar. Deshalb war es das Ziel dieser Studie, den Verlauf der HRV Parameter bei ausdauertrainierten als auch untrainierten normotensiven Frauen in Abhängigkeit vom Menstruationszyklus zu untersuchen. Methode: Normotensive, untrainierte als auch trainierte Frauen nahmen an der Studie teil. Die Athletinnen absolvierten individuell abgestimmte Trainingspläne (>5h/Woche) während der Studie. Die HRV Messungen wurden in den folgenden fünf Zyklusphasen aufgezeichnet: In der Menstruation (M), der Mitte der Follikel- (MidF), der Ovulations- (O), der Mitte der Luteal- (MidL) und der Pre-Menstruationsphase (PreM). Die Basaltemperatur als auch die Hormonanalysen des Luteinisierenden (LH) und des Follikelstimulierenden Hormons (FSH), des β-17 Östrogens (E2) und des Progesterons (P) dienten der Verifizierung der Zyklusphasen. Die HRV Messungen wurden bei Spontanatmung im Liegen (20 min) wie auch während eines Orthosthase Tests aufgezeichnet. Parameter der Zeit als auch der Frequenzdomäne für Kurzzeitmessungen wurden ausgewertet. Resultate: Alle Frauen hatten einen normotensiven Menstruationszyklus mit typischen hormonellen Schwankungen und einem signifikanten Verlauf (p / Introduction: The autonomic control of the heart is assumed to be affected by endogenous hormonal fluctuations in normal ovulatory females. Analyzing heart rate variability (HRV) had become a tool for the noninvasive measurement of cardiac autonomic control. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the course of the HRV parameters in moderately active as well as in long time endurance trained women during the menstrual cycle. Methods: Normal ovulatory females, untrained and trained were enrolled. Female athletes were involved in individually different training patterns (>5h/week) during the study. HRV recordings were obtained during five different menstrual cycle phases: menstruation (M), middle of follicular (MidF), ovulation (O), middle of luteal (MidL) and pre menstruation phase (PreM). Phases were verified by basal body temperature and analysis of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicular stimulation hormone (FSH), β-17 estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P). HRV measurements took place at subjects’ spontaneous breathing frequency in supine position (20 min) as well as during an orthostatic test. Parameters of short-term recording were calculated in time and frequency domain. Results: All women had normal ovulatory menstrual cycles including typical endogenous hormonal fluctuations; levels of LH, FSH, E2 and P were significantly different (p

<p>Подизање воћних засада представља дугорочну и веома скупу инвестицију, где је најважнији циљ смањити трошкове и интензивирати производњу. Рентабилност производње подједнако зависи од избора сорте и подлоге. Сорте калемљене на слабобујним подлогама су нижег раста што поједностављује агро и фитотехнику, раније ступају у плодоношење и имају већу продуктивност, што значи и ранији повраћај улагања. Највећи број постојећих засада подигнут је на веома бујним подлогама, као што су дивља трешња &ndash; врапчара (Prunus avium) и магрива (Prunus mahaleb), док слабобујну подлогу гизелу 5 одликује лоша адаптабилност у условима семи-аридне климе. Циљ истраживања био је развијање метода пред-селекције потенцијалних слабобујних подлога, које су адаптиране на услове климе и земљишта какви владају на територији Србије и окружењу. Србија као секундарни центар дивергентности, пружа велике могућности за колекционисање и проучавање слабобујних и патуљастих форми вишње и трешње од значаја за оплемењивање подлога. У току неколико година евидентирано је 56 генотипова in situ од чега је одабрано 27 најинтересантнијих и колекционисано ex situ, за потребе даљег оцењивања&nbsp; и изучавања. Утврђена је значајна генотипска и фенотипска варијабилност испитиваног материјала, одакле је било могуће издвојити неколико веома интересантних генотипова степске вишње &ndash; СВ2, СВ7 и СВ8, као и облачинске вишње &ndash; ОВ31 и ОВ32. У циљу скраћења периода селекције слабобујних подлога, испитане су методе пред-селекције на нивоу морфологије и анатомије кореновог система, појединачних корена и гранчица. Утврђена је различита архитектура кореновог система водећих подлога за вишњу и трешњу као и селекције облачинске вишње, на основу чега се дошло до закључка да прожимање супстрата кореновим системом облачинске вишње није довољно да држи садницу сигурно, него је неопходно постављање наслона у првих неколико година. Метода утврђивања укупне и активне површине потапањем корена у раствор метиленског плавог прави је показатељ физиолошке активности кореновог система и поуздана за предвиђање бујности потенцијалних подлога. Детаљно су испитиване анатомске карактеристике попречних пресека и особине ксилема од највећег заначаја у предвиђању бујности (фреквенција трахеја, површина трахеја, проценат површине трахеја на попречном пресеку корена и гранчица), а на основу истих су издвојени генотипови СВ2 и ОВ33 од којих се очекује слаба бујност, а чије ће се карактеристике даље проверити у компаративним огледима са калемљењем. Поменути анатомски параметри и прелиминарни резултати са сортом силвија указују да је потенцијална слабобујна подлога генотип степске вишње СВ2. На основу детаљне анатомске карактеризације двогодишњих корена, двогодишњих и једногодишњих грана, утврђено је да је метода поуздано средство у предвиђању бујности потенцијалних подлога у оквиру врста и међуврсних хибрида рода Prunus, изузев врсте Prunus cerasus где је уочено да други параметри имају кључну улогу у редукцији бујности накалемљених сорти. Смањење бујности сорти трешње накалемљених на ову подлогу последица су физиолошких карактеристика и генетичке конституције саме врсте, те се даља испитивања морају усмерити у том правцу. То указује да хидраулична проводљивост заснована на површини трахеја корена и стабла подлоге није једини селекциони критеријум, него је важно посматрати активну површину усвајања воде кореновог система, анатомске карактеристике спојног места и племке (сорте). Пут до стварања густих засада мора узети у обзир специфичности сваке комбинације што подразумева опште комбинационе особине племке и опште комбинационе особине подлоге, као и њихову морфолошку, анатомску и физиолошку интеракцију и адаптабилност педо-климатским условима. Теоријска хидраулична проводљивост заснована на површини трахеја коригована&nbsp; делом ксилема у ком постоји континуитет између подлоге и племке &ndash; ефективним ксилемом и коефицијентом активне површине корена представља параметар који осликава бујност саднице трешње на одабраним подлогама.</p> / <p>Podizanje voćnih zasada predstavlja dugoročnu i veoma skupu investiciju, gde je najvažniji cilj smanjiti troškove i intenzivirati proizvodnju. Rentabilnost proizvodnje podjednako zavisi od izbora sorte i podloge. Sorte kalemljene na slabobujnim podlogama su nižeg rasta što pojednostavljuje agro i fitotehniku, ranije stupaju u plodonošenje i imaju veću produktivnost, što znači i raniji povraćaj ulaganja. Najveći broj postojećih zasada podignut je na veoma bujnim podlogama, kao što su divlja trešnja &ndash; vrapčara (Prunus avium) i magriva (Prunus mahaleb), dok slabobujnu podlogu gizelu 5 odlikuje loša adaptabilnost u uslovima semi-aridne klime. Cilj istraživanja bio je razvijanje metoda pred-selekcije potencijalnih slabobujnih podloga, koje su adaptirane na uslove klime i zemljišta kakvi vladaju na teritoriji Srbije i okruženju. Srbija kao sekundarni centar divergentnosti, pruža velike mogućnosti za kolekcionisanje i proučavanje slabobujnih i patuljastih formi višnje i trešnje od značaja za oplemenjivanje podloga. U toku nekoliko godina evidentirano je 56 genotipova in situ od čega je odabrano 27 najinteresantnijih i kolekcionisano ex situ, za potrebe daljeg ocenjivanja&nbsp; i izučavanja. Utvrđena je značajna genotipska i fenotipska varijabilnost ispitivanog materijala, odakle je bilo moguće izdvojiti nekoliko veoma interesantnih genotipova stepske višnje &ndash; SV2, SV7 i SV8, kao i oblačinske višnje &ndash; OV31 i OV32. U cilju skraćenja perioda selekcije slabobujnih podloga, ispitane su metode pred-selekcije na nivou morfologije i anatomije korenovog sistema, pojedinačnih korena i grančica. Utvrđena je različita arhitektura korenovog sistema vodećih podloga za višnju i trešnju kao i selekcije oblačinske višnje, na osnovu čega se došlo do zaključka da prožimanje supstrata korenovim sistemom oblačinske višnje nije dovoljno da drži sadnicu sigurno, nego je neophodno postavljanje naslona u prvih nekoliko godina. Metoda utvrđivanja ukupne i aktivne površine potapanjem korena u rastvor metilenskog plavog pravi je pokazatelj fiziološke aktivnosti korenovog sistema i pouzdana za predviđanje bujnosti potencijalnih podloga. Detaljno su ispitivane anatomske karakteristike poprečnih preseka i osobine ksilema od najvećeg zanačaja u predviđanju bujnosti (frekvencija traheja, površina traheja, procenat površine traheja na poprečnom preseku korena i grančica), a na osnovu istih su izdvojeni genotipovi SV2 i OV33 od kojih se očekuje slaba bujnost, a čije će se karakteristike dalje proveriti u komparativnim ogledima sa kalemljenjem. Pomenuti anatomski parametri i preliminarni rezultati sa sortom silvija ukazuju da je potencijalna slabobujna podloga genotip stepske višnje SV2. Na osnovu detaljne anatomske karakterizacije dvogodišnjih korena, dvogodišnjih i jednogodišnjih grana, utvrđeno je da je metoda pouzdano sredstvo u predviđanju bujnosti potencijalnih podloga u okviru vrsta i međuvrsnih hibrida roda Prunus, izuzev vrste Prunus cerasus gde je uočeno da drugi parametri imaju ključnu ulogu u redukciji bujnosti nakalemljenih sorti. Smanjenje bujnosti sorti trešnje nakalemljenih na ovu podlogu posledica su fizioloških karakteristika i genetičke konstitucije same vrste, te se dalja ispitivanja moraju usmeriti u tom pravcu. To ukazuje da hidraulična provodljivost zasnovana na površini traheja korena i stabla podloge nije jedini selekcioni kriterijum, nego je važno posmatrati aktivnu površinu usvajanja vode korenovog sistema, anatomske karakteristike spojnog mesta i plemke (sorte). Put do stvaranja gustih zasada mora uzeti u obzir specifičnosti svake kombinacije što podrazumeva opšte kombinacione osobine plemke i opšte kombinacione osobine podloge, kao i njihovu morfološku, anatomsku i fiziološku interakciju i adaptabilnost pedo-klimatskim uslovima. Teorijska hidraulična provodljivost zasnovana na površini traheja korigovana&nbsp; delom ksilema u kom postoji kontinuitet između podloge i plemke &ndash; efektivnim ksilemom i koeficijentom aktivne površine korena predstavlja parametar koji oslikava bujnost sadnice trešnje na odabranim podlogama.</p>

La taille est une pratique culturale courante en arboriculture. Pourtant ses effets sur le rendement sont variables et peu prévisibles. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons d'étudier les effets de la taille sur la croissance végétative et la reproduction du manguier (Mangifera indica L.), à l'échelle de l'axe et de l’arbre, afin de mieux comprendre comment s’élabore le rendement suite à la taille. La taille a été caractérisée par deux facteurs : l’intensité de taille, définie à l’échelle de l’arbre comme la quantité de biomasse retirée par volume de canopée, et la sévérité de taille, définie à l’échelle de l’axe comme la profondeur de taille le long de l’axe. A l’échelle de l’axe, l’intensité et la sévérité de taille ont eu des effets sur l’occurrence, l’intensité et la dynamique de la croissance végétative. Nous avons aussi mis en évidence un rôle important du diamètre de l’axe taillé sur l’occurrence et l’intensité de la croissance végétative. La croissance végétative qui résulte de la taille a conduit à l’apparition de nouvelles populations d’axes dont les proportions dépendent de l’intensité de taille des arbres. La floraison de ces différentes populations d’axes diffère en termes d’occurrence, d’intensité et de dynamique et est affectée négativement par l’intensité et la sévérité de taille. A l’échelle de l’arbre, les rendements ont eu tendance à être plus faibles sur les arbres modérément et intensément taillés du fait d’une diminution du taux de floraison et/ou du poids moyen des fruits. Les arbres faiblement taillés ont eu des rendements similaires à ceux des arbres non taillés. Les effets de la taille sur la croissance végétative, aux niveaux structurel et temporel, ont été intégrés dans un modèle structure-fonction d'élaboration du rendement et de la qualité de la mangue, afin de caractériser les effets de la taille à l'échelle plus globale de l'arbre. Ce modèle nous a montré que le nombre d’axes et la surface foliaire retirés au moment de la taille sont largement compensés par la stimulation de la croissance végétative qui a suivi. L’intégration des effets de la taille sur la reproduction dans le modèle permettra de concevoir des itinéraires techniques intégrant les pratiques de taille afin de répondre aux problèmes agronomiques rencontrés sur le manguier, tels que les asynchronismes ou les irrégularités de production. / Pruning is a common practice in tree fruit crops. However, its effects on the yield are variable and hardly predictable. In this thesis, we propose to study the effects of pruning on vegetative growth and reproduction for the mango tree (Mangifera indica L.), at the axis and at the tree scales, in order to better understand how fruit yield built-up following pruning. Pruning was characterized by two factors: pruning intensity, defined at the tree scale as the amount of fresh biomass removed per unit volume of canopy, and pruning severity, defined at the axis scale as the depth of pruning along the axis. At the axis scale, pruning intensity and severity had an effect on the occurrence, intensity and dynamics of vegetative growth. We also highlighted a major role of the diameter of the pruned axis on the occurrence and intensity of vegetative growth. The vegetative growth which results from pruning led to the emergence of new populations of axes whose proportions depend on pruning intensity. Flowering of these different populations of axes differ in terms of occurrence, intensity and dynamics and was affected negatively by pruning intensity and severity. At the tree scale, yields tended to be lower on moderately and intensively pruned trees as a result of a decrease of flowering rate and/or average weight of fruits. Lightly pruned trees had similar yields compared to unpruned trees. The effects of pruning on the vegetative growth, at the structural and temporal levels, were integrated in a functional-structural model of fruit yield and quality build-up. The model has shown that the number of axes and the leaf area removed at the pruning time were widely compensated by the vegetative growth stimulation that followed. The integration of the effects of pruning on reproduction will allow developing crop management techniques integrating pruning techniques in order to respond to agronomic issues related to mango tree as asynchronisms and irregular bearing.

La presente tesi utilizza la metodologia neuroscientifica per studiare la comunicazione dal punto di vista della embodied cognition, la quale vede la comunicazione come la condivisione dell’informazione tra organismi biologici. Lo scopo della tesi è quello di aggiungere conoscenza in aree della comunicazione in cui l’applicazione delle neuroscienze è carente, usando una metodologia integrata che prevede la coregistrazione EEG-Biofeedback. All’interno della tematica della comunicazione mediata, il primo studio compara le pubblicità commerciale e prosociale, poiché l’applicazione delle neuroscienze a quest’ultima risulta carente. Lo scopo è quello di investigare l’esperienza relativa a questi due tipi di comunicazione, all’interno di differenti categorie semantiche di prodotto, confrontando misure implicite ed esplicite. Un secondo studio vuole illustrare il coinvolgimento di cues comunicative sensoriali durante l’esperienza del consumatore, esplorando diverse condizioni di stimolazione sensoriale entro un negozio per studiarne, a livello cerebrale, la loro interazione. Se la comunicazione possiede diversi livelli di consapevolezza, è possibile studiarla anche all’interno di condizioni patologiche. Un terzo studio, quindi, vuole trovare risposte ad alcuni interrogativi circa le componenti inconsce della comunicazione. In particolare, lo studio vuole valutare i processi sensoriali e cognitivi residui relativi al tatto in pazienti in stato vegetativo. / The present thesis fits the neuroscientific method to the embodied communication perspective, which defines communication as an information sharing between biological bodies. The aim of this thesis is to increase knowledge into different research areas related to communication, in which the application of neurosciences is already lacking, using a multimethod approach that employs EEG-Biofeedback co-registration. Within the topic of mediated communication, the first study compares commercial and social-issue advertising, given the lack of studies that investigate the latter with a neuroscientific approach. The aim is to investigate the experience of watching these two types of advertising, through different product categories, comparing overt and covert measures. A second study has the aim to illustrate the involvement of sensory communication cues during consumer experience, exploring different conditions of sensory stimulation inside a store, in order to understand the interaction between senses in the consumer’s brain. If communication can be seen as a continuum with multiple degrees of awareness, it can be also studied in clinical and pathological conditions. A third study, thus, tries to find answers to open questions about unconscious components of communication. In particular, the study assesses residual sensory and cognitive processes related to touch in vegetative state patients.

A laranjeira \'Pera\' é a cultivar mais plantada na citricultura brasileira. Com a incidências de doenças e aumento do custos de produção na citricultura, torna-se necessário a avaliação de materiais genéticos mais promissores que a laranjeira \'Pera\'. Portanto, buscou-se avaliar o desempenho horticultural de laranjeiras doces consideradas meia-estação e identificar aquelas superiores à cultivar padrão (Pera IAC). Foram avaliadas dezessete cultivares de laranja doce (Pera IAC, Pera IAC 2000, Pera 2, Pera 3, Pera 4, Pera Alexandre Maróstica, Pera Milton Teixeira, Seleta Amarela, Seleta Rio, Homosassa, Finike, Biondo, Bidwells Bar, Sanguínea, Vaccaro Blood, Torregrosa e Jaffa) enxertadas em tangerineira \'Sunki\'. O experimento foi instalado em maio de 2007, no espaçamento 6,5 x 2,5 m e conduzido sem irrigação. Avaliaram-se o crescimento vegetativo, produção, eficiência produtiva, abscisão dos frutos, sensibilidade ao déficit hídrico, incidência de podridão floral (PFC), incidência e severidade de mancha preta dos citros (MPC), qualidade e curva de maturação dos frutos. As médias das variáveis foram comparadas com a cultivar padrão (Pera IAC) e analisadas pelo teste de Dunnett (P < 0,05). Para sensibilidade ao déficit hídrico e curvas de maturação foram realizadas analises de regressão. As plantas de laranja \'Pera 3\' registraram as menores alturas, no sétimo ano após o plantio. As plantas de laranja \'Pera Milton Teixeira\' e \'Pera Alexandre Maróstica\' foram os únicos materiais que registraram produções acumuladas superiores às das plantas de laranja \'Pera IAC\'. As plantas de \'Seleta Amarela\', \'Pera 3\', \'Pera 4\', \'Vaccaro Blood\' e \'Pera Milton Teixeira\' registraram as maiores eficiências produtivas. As plantas da laranja \'Pera IAC\' registraram as maiores alternâncias produtivas e as plantas de laranja \'Sanguínea\' registraram as menores alternâncias. As seleções \'Pera 2\', \'Pera 3\', \'Pera 4\' e \'Pera Milton Teixeira\' registraram as menores abscisões de frutos. As plantas das laranjas \'Pera Milton Teixeira\', \'Pera IAC\', \'Pera IAC 2000\', \'Pera 2\', \'Seleta Rio\' e \'Pera 3\' foram classificadas como cultivares de alta sensibilidade ao déficit hídrico e as plantas das laranjas \'Bidwells Bar\', \'Jaffa\', \'Torregrosa\' e \'Sanguínea\' como de baixa sensibilidade. As menores incidências de MPC foram registradas nos frutos da laranjeira \'Pera IAC\' e não houve diferenças entre as cultivares para incidência de PFC. Para o teor de sólidos solúveis, apenas os frutos da laranja \'Finike\', \'Pera 2\' e \'Pera Alexandre Maróstica\' foram superiores aos da cultivar padrão. A seleções \'Pera IAC\', \'Pera 2\', \'Pera 3\' e \'Pera 4\' apresentaram alta similaridade fenotípica entre si. Ao estabelecer a curva de maturação, verificou-se uma maior precocidade da laranjeira \'Seleta Rio\' e uma maturação mais tardia para a seleção \'Pera Alexandre Maróstica\' quando comparadas a laranjeira \'Pera IAC\'. / \'Pera\' is the most widely planted sweet orange cultivar in the Brazilian citrus industry. Due to incidences of diseases and increase in production costs it is necessary to find promising genetic materials than \'Pera\' sweet orange. Therefore, the horticultural performance of sweet oranges, considered mid-season, were evaluated and identified those ones which were better than standard cultivar (Pera IAC). Seventeen sweet orange cultivars (Pera IAC, Pera IAC 2000, Pera 2, Pera 3, Pera 4, Pera Alexandre Maróstica, Pera Milton Teixeira, Seleta Amarela, Seleta Rio, Homosassa, \'Finike, Biondo, Bidwells Bar, Sanguínea, Vaccaro Blood, Torregrosa e Jaffa) were evaluated, all of then were grafted on \'Sunki\' mandarin and were nonirrigated. The experimental orchard was planted in May 2007, from 12 month-old plants (nursery trees) disposed in a 6,5 m × 2,5 m spacing. We evaluated the vegetative growth, yield, yield efficiency, fruit drop, sensitivity to drought, incidence of postbloom fruit drop (PFD), incidence and severity Black Spot of Citrus (CBS), fruit quality and index of ripeness. The averages of variables were compared with the standard cultivar (Pera IAC) and analyzed by Dunnett\'s Test (P < 0.05). For sensitivity to drought and index of ripeness were performed regression analyzes. The lowest hight and canopy volume were recorded in the \'Pera 3\' sweet orange trees seven years after planting. The \'Pera Milton Teixeira\' and \'Pera Alexandre Marostica\' sweet orange trees were the only materials which had superiority over the \'Pera IAC\' sweet orange trees regarding cumulative yield. The largest yield efficiency was registered in \'Seleta Amarela\', \'Pera 3\', \'Pera 4\', \'Vaccaro Blood\' and \'Pera Milton Teixeira\' sweet orange trees. The most alternate bearing index was found in the standard cultivar and \'Sanguinea\' sweet orange trees showed smaller bearing index. Smaller fruit drop were checked in cultivars Pera 2, Pera 3, Pera 4 and Pera Milton Teixeira. The \'Pera Milton Teixeira\', \'Pera IAC\', \'Pera IAC 2000\', \'Pera 2\', \'Seleta Rio\' and \'Pera 3\' sweet orange trees showed high sensitivity to drought while the \'Bidewells Bar\', \'Jaffa\', \'Torregrosa\' and \'Sanguínea\' sweet orange trees showed low sensitivity. Regarding the evaluated diseases, the orange \'Pera IAC\' recorded the lowest incidences of MPC and PFC differences were not cheked among the cultivars. For the soluble solids content, only the \'Finike\', \'Pera 2\' and \'Pera Alexandre Marostica\' sweet oranges fruits were superior to standard. The cultivars Pera IAC, Pera 2, Pera 3 and Pera 4 sweet oranges showed high phenotypic similarity. The \'Seleta Rio\' sweet orange was considered early-maturing cultivar and \'Pera Alexandre Maróstica\' a late-maturing cultivar when compared \'Pera IAC\' sweet orange.

Orientador: Aparecida Conceição Boliani / Coorientador: Luiz de Souza Corrêa / Banca: Heloiza Ferreira Alves do Prado / Banca: José Carlos Cavichioli / Resumo: A mangabeira Hancornia speciosa Gomes, pertencente à família Apocynaceae, considerada uma frutífera nativa do Brasil e encontrada em várias regiões do país. A propagação via sementes é a mais utilizada, porém perdem o poder germinativo assim que são retiradas do fruto, em função de sua recalcitrância. A propagação vegetativa por meio da estaquia também não se consolidou, em função do baixo percentual de enraizamento. Desta forma essa pesquisa teve por objetivo aprimorar o conhecimento técnico-cientifico sobre a clonagem da mangabeira pelas técnicas da alporquia e micropropagação. O trabalho de propagação por alporquia foi realizado em um pomar de mangabeira, localizado na Fazenda de Ensino Pesquisa e Extensão - FEPE/UNESP, localizado no município de Selvíria-MS. Os experimentos de micropropagação in vitro foram realizados no Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos-LCT da UNESP, Campus de Ilha Solteira-SP. O experimento de propagação vegetativa via técnica da alporquia, foi realizado em ramos semilenhosos, em plantas adultas de mangabeira. Após 95 dias, contabilizou-se o número de raízes, porcentagem de calejamento e enraizamento. Para o estabelecimento in vitro, os frutos foram coletados na FEPE/UNESP, no Município de Selvíria, MS. As sementes tiveram seus tegumentos removidos para facilitar a germinação e desinfestadas para inoculação em diferentes tipos de meio de cultura para determinação da influência das concentrações salinas sobre o desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de mangabeira. Para o alongamento e multiplicação, microestacas de mangabeira foram subcultivadas em meio de cultura Wood Plant Medium (WPM) contendo 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP) em interação com ácido α- naftalenoacético (ANA), em diferentes concentrações. Ao final deste experimento foram contabilizadas principalmente a formação de multibrotações... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The mangabeira Hancornia speciosa Gomes, belonging to the family Apocynaceae, considered a fruit native to Brazil found in several regions of the country. The propagation of seeds is the most used, but lose their germinating power so they are removed from the fruit, because of their recalcitrance. Vegetative propagation by cuttings is also not consolidated, due to the low percentage of rooting. Therefore this research aimed to improve the technical and scientific knowledge about the cloning of mangabeira by layering and micropropagation techniques. The work of spreading by layering was performed in an orchard mangabeira in Fazenda Teaching Research and Extension - FEPE / UNESP, located in the municipality of Selviriaa-MS. The micropropagation in vitro experiments were performed at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of the LCT-UNESP, SP, Ilha Solteira-SP. The experiment of vegetative propagation through layering technique, was performed in semi-hardwood branches on adult plants of Hancornia speciosa Gomes. After 95 days, counted the number of roots, percentage of callus and roots. To establish in vitro, the fruits were collected in FEPE / UNESP, in the Selvíria, MS. The seeds had their coats removed to facilitate the germination and sterilized prior to inoculation in different types of culture medium to determine the influence of salt concentrations on the early development of seedlings of H. speciosa. For the elongation and multiplication, micro mangaba were subcultured in culture medium Wood Plant Medium (WPM) containing 6- benzylaminopurine (BAP) in interaction with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in different concentrations. At the end of this experiment were mainly accounted for the formation of multibrotações and the rate of multiplication of the explants. For the rooting of microshoots Mangabeira, tested different concentrations of indol-3-butyric acid (IBA) in culture medium... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tania Pires da Silva.pdf: 493041 bytes, checksum: 3d9daa71e02d7c679bf5b90cf21bb3c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of the work was to evaluate the phytotechnical performance of different rootstocks in the formation level on field conditions and the initial development of the graft, as well as the application of auxiliaries technicians to the root potential increment of the rootstocks cuttings of VR 043-43 in nursery conditions. Ligneous cuttings from grapevine VR 043-43 , measuring 20 cm, were stratified for 48h (under the temperature of 4 oC), part of the cuttings were kept under environment temperature (25 } 5 oC). All the cuttings were treated with indolbutyric acid (IBA) in different concentrations of 0, 1.000, 2.000 and 3.000 mgL-1, associated and not associated to boric acid at concentration of 150 μg L-1 for 10sec. The cuttings were planted into polyethylene plastic bags (capacity of 2,5L), filled with clay soil. They were kept in nursery made of shading screen providing 50% of luminosity. The evaluations occurred 120 days after the experiment deployment. In November, the seedlings originated from the rooted cuttings of 17 grapevine rootstocks ( SO4 , Teleki 8B , Harmony , Golia , Riparia de Traviu , Paulsen , 420 A , 99R , 5C , RR101-14 , Kober 5BB , Rupestris Du Lot , IAC 313 Tropical , IAC 766 Campinas , IAC 572 Jales , VR 043-43 and IAC 571-6 Jundiai ) were taken to the field under subtropical conditions (24o33 40 S and 54o04 12 W, 420 m height and Cfa Koppen climate, with annual maximum average temperature of 28,5 oC and minimum of 17,5 oC). After four months, it was evaluated the anthracnose and rust severity on the grapevine leaf sprouting from the rootstocks and more five months of vigor (total branch number, average diameter, biggest branch length and total leaf area fresh mass). In the sequence, it was performed winter graft using BRS Violeta . The evaluated characteristics for this part of the experiment were percentage of tissue union, diameter and graft average length, which happened after 60 days of grafting. It was concluded that the stratification of the cutting is not fundamental to increase the efficiency of the rooting process of the rootstock VR 043-43 . The cuttings should only be treated with IBA at 3.000 mg L-1 in association to boric acid. The rootstocks IAC 572 Jales and IAC 313 Tropical were resistant to the anthracnose and rust. The rootstock IAC 572 Jales was the one that showed greater performance on field, before grafting. The rootstocks SO4 , Harmony , Paulsen and IAC 766 Campinas showed greater vigor to the development of the graft BRS Violeta / O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho vegetativo de diferentes porta-enxertos na fase de formacao a campo e o desenvolvimento inicial do enxerto, bem como o emprego de tecnicas auxiliares para o incremento do potencial rizogenico de estacas do porta-enxerto VR 043-43 em condicoes de viveiro. Estacas caulinares lenhosas de 20 cm comprimento do porta-enxerto de videira VR 043-43 , estratificadas por 48 h (sob temperatura de 4 oC) ou não (ambiente de 25o } 5 oC), foram tratadas em solucao de acido indolbutirico (AIB) nas concentracoes de 0, 1.000, 2.000 e 3.000 mg L-1, associado ou nao com acido borico a 150 μg L-1, por 10 seg. As estacas foram plantadas em saco plastico de polietileno (capacidade de 2,5 L), contendo solo com textura argilosa como substrato e mantidas sob viveiro constituido de tela de sombreamento de 50% de luminosidade, sendo avaliadas apos 120 dias. Em novembro, mudas oriundas de estacas enraizadas de 17 porta-enxertos de videira ( SO4 , Teleki 8B , Harmony , Golia , Riparia de Traviu , Paulsen , 420 A , 99R , 5C , RR101-14 , Kober 5BB , Rupestris Du Lot , IAC 313 Tropical , IAC 766 Campinas , IAC 572 Jales , VR 043-43 e IAC 571-6 Jundiai ) foram levadas a campo, em condicoes subtropicais (24o33 40 S e 54o04 12 W, altitude de 420 m e clima Cfa Koppen, com temperatura media maxima anual de 28,5 oC e minima de 17,5 oC). Passados quatro meses, avaliou-se a severidade da antracnose e ferrugem da videira nas folhas das brotacoes dos porta-enxertos e mais cinco meses o vigor dos mesmos (numero total de ramos, diametro medio, comprimento do maior ramo e massa fresca total media dos ramos). Em seguida, realizou-se a enxertia invernal com garfos da videira BRS Violeta e avaliou-se apos 60 dias a porcentagem de pegamento, o diametro e o comprimento medio do enxerto. Concluiu-se que a estratificacao das estacas nao e fundamental para que haja maior eficiencia do processo de enraizamento do porta-enxerto VR 043-43 , devendo as estacas apenas serem tratadas com 3.000 mg L-1 de AIB, associada ao acido borico. Os porta-enxertos IAC 572 Jales e IAC 313 Tropical foram resistentes a antracnose e a ferrugem. O porta-enxerto IAC 572 Jales foi o que promoveu maior desempenho a campo, previamente a operacao de enxertia. Os porta-enxertos SO4 , Harmony , Paulsen e IAC 766 Campinas promoveram maior vigor ao desenvolvimento do enxerto de BRS Violeta

The scope of this thesis was to identify, describe and quantify important life-history traits for the pseudoannual aquatic plant Ranunculus lingua in different ecological settings, by comparing populations from geographically marginal vs. central habitats. Results from a four-year field study showed that abiotic factors (water-level fluctuations and associated processes) tended to have a greater influence in marginal populations, whereas biotic factors (competition, insect grazing and fungal infections) dominated in central populations. This was reflected in different depth distribution of ramet numbers and ramet sizes between the areas, and In different dynamic patterns, with a higher flux of ramets in marginal populations. In a reciprocal transplant experiment, marginal ramets produced more but smaller rhizomes, whereas central ramets produced Individually larger but fewer rhizomes, irrespective of transplant site. A possible selection for genotypes producing large rhizomes in the central habitat was supported by the fact that initially smaller ramets were more likely to be diseased by the fungal pathogen Peronospora gigantea and damaged by insect grazing. In the marginal population, where density-independent mortality factors tend to dominate, a high reproductive output, expressed in production of high numbers of rhizomes, was suggested to be a favoured life-history trait. In a glasshouse experiment, ramets from marginal and central populations were grown in low and high densities and under three contrasting nutrient levels. The allocation to sexual structures was generally very low, and did not incur any costs in terms of reduced rhizome production. Rhizome production showed strong positive allometrical relationships to mother ramet size. Increasing mother ramet size resulted in a larger increase in rhizome numbers for the marginal than for the central population, whereas the increase in mean rhizome mass was more pronounced for the centred population. Both populations showed similar reductions in rhizome production in response to increased density and lowered nutrient levels, which could not be explained by size-dependent effects adone. The dispersal, dynamics and distribution of R. lingua were studied in a marginal river population in northern Sweden, where the only means of dispersal is by vegetative diaspores, i.e. floating rhizome fragments. Stranding occurred mainly in river curves and at obstacles, and the distribution of established stands was also highly correlated with these features. Relative changes in ramet numbers were correlated with water-level fluctuations during the present and previous growing seasons, with winter low-water, and with duration of spring-flood. The predictability of change was high within but low between stands. It was concluded that the patterns and mechanisms of dispersal are fundamental for local distribution patterns as well as variation in regional abundance in R. lingua / <p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1992, härtill 4 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

This study focused on development of a continuous watershed-scale modelling approach capable of evaluating sediment removal performance of vegetative filter strips (VFS). This was done by integrating the single-event hydrologic and sediment transport model AGNPS with the event-based VFS model (VFSMOD) applying the methodology developed by Sebti and Rudra (2010), and also through the development and incorporation of sub-models capable of describing changes in hydrologic conditions between rainfall events into the integrated models. For modeling purposes, the buffer zone is divided to segments called “buffer cells”. The upstream source area corresponding to each buffer cell and the flow-path connecting the area to the stream are identified, and runoff and sediment generated within each area is simulated for each event applying AGNPS. Using VFSMOD, performance analysis of VFS is conducted for each buffer cell. By applying the developed “continuous simulation” sub-models the hydrologic conditions prior to each event were determined.

Le coma, l’état végétatif et l’état de conscience minimale sont classés comme « troubles de la conscience ». La caractéristique commune à ces diagnostics est un état de conscience altéré. La technologie permet désormais de maintenir en vie les individus affligés de ces diagnostics. La nature même de leur condition et les soins disponibles pour ces patients conduisent à des dilemmes médicaux et éthiques importants. Ce mémoire propose une brève introduction des troubles de la conscience suivie d’une recension des écrits sur les enjeux éthiques et sociaux en lien avec ces diagnostics. Force est de constater que certains enjeux perdurent depuis des années comme le retrait de traitement. D’autres sont apparus plus récemment, comme l’enjeu lié à l’usage de la neuroimagerie. Un deuxième volet présente les résultats d’une étude qualitative examinant les perspectives et l’expérience des professionnels de la santé face aux enjeux éthiques lors de la prise en charge des patients atteints de troubles de la conscience. Cette étude a été réalisée par le biais d’un court questionnaire et d’entrevues semi-dirigées qui furent enregistrées puis analysées à l’aide du logiciel Nvivo. Les résultats démontrent entre autres que les répondants éprouvent un niveau de certitude élevé face au diagnostic bien qu’il soit souvent signalé comme un défi important dans la littérature. Le pronostic représente un enjeu crucial, y compris sa divulgation aux proches. Enfin, la relation avec la famille est un élément clé dans la prise en charge des patients et celle-ci est teintée par de multiples facteurs. / Coma, the vegetative state and the minimally conscious state are classified as “disorders of consciousness”. The common characteristic of these diagnoses is an altered state of consciousness. Technological advances now allow us to keep people afflicted with these diagnoses alive. The very nature of their condition and the type of care available to them has lead to important medical and ethical dilemmas. First, this thesis proposes a literature review of the ethical and social issues related to disorders of consciousness. Certain issues have persisted for years and others have emerged more recently as that relating to the use of neuroimaging. The second part proposes a qualitative study examining the perspectives and experiences of healthcare professionals dealing with ethical issues in the management of these patients; these aspects are so far poorly documented. We conducted this study using a short questionnaire and semi-directed interviews. The interviews were taped and analyzed using qualitative analysis software Nvivo. Our study showed that our participants experienced a high degree of certainty about the diagnosis, although the latter is often reported as a major challenge in the literature. The prognosis is a critical challenge, including its disclosure to relatives. Finally, the relationship with the family is a key element in the care of patients and it is influenced by multiple factors.