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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

'n Eksperimentele verkenning van grafiese manipulasie ter wille van doeltreffende kommunikasie in die prenteboek / Elizabeth Pulles

Pulles, Elizabeth January 1990 (has links)
The objective of this study is to investigate the picture book as a form of communication. The investigation comprises both a theoretical and a practical approach. An extensive literature survey was undertaken, publishers interviewed and visits undertaken to process and printing houses to establish the methods and approaches that are currently employed to produce a picture book. The theoretical formulation forms the background and motivation to the practical aspect of the study. The practical component entails the actual conceptualization, design, illustration and publication of a picture book. The possibilities and constraints imposed on the illustrator, comprising all the elements that influence and shape the communication process, are presented and discussed - firstly in theory and then in direct reference to the picture book which is bei:1g illustrated. The theoretical and practical components of this study combine to show up the picture book as a unique art and literary form. The manner in which successful communication is achieved through the effective utilization of all the processes and elements that combine to form the picture book is demonstrated. This study emphasizes that the illustrator should get to know and use all possibilities and restrictions to their full advantage to create an effective, unique interpretation and expression in picture book form. / Thesis (MA (Beeldende Kunste))--PU for CHE
12

Die benutting van terapeutiese hulpmiddels by die gedepriveerde kind in maatskaplike werk / Minka Idelette Christina Keesenberg

Keesenberg, Minka Idelette Christina January 1993 (has links)
The aim of this research is to determine the therapeutic possibilities in music and books, in group work with middle aged deprived children. Deprivationwith children is an encompassing problem which social workers daily grapple with. A lack of sufficientknowledgeabout deprivationand sufficientknowledgeon the way inwhich to solve the problemmakesit essentialto do researchon the subject. Literature analysis and an empirical research are the two methods used in this study. The literature analysis focuses on the characteristics of the child client, the value of play for the child and the different ways of playing. This is followed by an explanation of the development of the normally developed middle aged child compared to that of the deprived middle aged child. The therapeutic possibilitiesof music and books is also discussed. Experimental research was used for this empirical research. An experimental group and a controlled group was compiled out of deprived middle aged children. Measurements were taken before and afterwards according to an adapted Hudson scale. Music, books and other therapeutic resources were used in the group work with the experimental group. The hypothesis states that the therapeutic use of music and books in work with groups amongst deprived middle aged children results in improvements of behaviour and relationships. The empiricalresearch proved that the therapeutic use of music and books lead to the improvement of behaviour, such as co-operation and consentration and to the establishmentof a therapeutic relationship between the group members and group leader. / Thesis (MA(MW))--PU vir CHO, 1994
13

Platão e Freud : duas metáforas da alma humana

ARAÚJO JÚNIOR, Anastácio Borges de January 1999 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:04:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo7029_1.pdf: 871968 bytes, checksum: e5b2e3440d0632e82a847bf9ff5bbdd7 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999 / O objetivo deste trabalho foi fazer uma aproximação entre as representações da alma contidas em alguns diálogos de Platão e nos textos da teoria psicanalítica de Freud. Ou seja, estabelecemos um espaço de confrontação entre o modelo conhecido como tripartido que Platão desenvolveu basicamente em A República, Fedro e Timeu, e o modelo de alma desenvolvido por Sigmund Freud denominado segunda tópica, estabelecendo então as convergências e divergências entre tais modelos. A dissertação procura mostrar que o conceito de alma, como tradução do termo grego yuchv e do termo alemão seele, fez um longo e tortuoso trajeto desde seu aparecimento nos escritos de Homero até os nossos dias e que apesar deste conceito ter sido, contemporaneamente, abandonado pela filosofia, os problemas associados a este conceito permanecem sob diversos nomes tais como indivíduo, interioridade, identidade pessoal, sujeito, subjetividade etc. Para aproximar Platão e Freud, segundo o complexo conceito de alma, foi necessário fazer uma espécie de preparação de terreno. Procuramos então estabelecer um campo relacional que, no decorrer de nossa investigação, foi determinado pela função que possui os seus respectivos modelos no contexto de suas teorias. Segundo nossa análise, Platão e Freud, no que se refere às suas representações da alma humana, trabalham com tais modelos estabelecendo, claramente, que eles são metáforas da alma, na medida em que ela é uma realidade da qual só podemos ter uma experiência singular. Porém, para superar a simples constatação de analogias entre os autores investigados, foi necessário ainda investigar seus pressupostos com relação a suas concepções de ciência, isto é, tivemos que examinar seus pressupostos epistemológicos, definindo o significado do uso de metáforas no contexto de suas teorias. Chegamos à conclusão que o uso de metáforas constitui uma maneira de enfrentar os paradoxos na elucidação da alma humana, pois guarda com esta a relação do como se, e garante, deste modo, a manutenção da alma como lugar de incidência de realidades ontologicamente diversas e paradoxais, tais como unidade e multiplicidade, sensível e inteligível, mesmo e outro, identidade e diferença etc. Assim, para estes pensadores o saber psicológico, em última instância, é um saber da ordem do provável que poderia, no limite, tornar-se conhecimento científico. Finalmente, depois de estabelecer as convergências entre os modelos de alma propostos por Platão e Freud, investigamos em termos de dinâmica, isto é, em relação à saúde e doença da alma, qual a maneira saudável e também patológica de organizar as diferentes tendências da alma, o desejo como elemento central da alma e as diferenças entre o descentramento metafísico e o psicanalítico.
14

Rapportering en transformasie in Sleep vir jou 'n stoel nader (André le Roux)

Ormerod, Carita 23 September 2014 (has links)
M.A. (Afrikaans) / When the collection of short texts, Sleep vir jou In stoel nader, was first published, reactions were varied. Many literary critics heralded the texts as new, exciting and of great literary value. However, a few members of the public objected to the texts' risque content and it was subsequently banned. Fortunately, the text's literary value prevailed and Sleep vir jou 'n stoel nader was removed from the list of undesirable publications. Andre Ie Roux's work is unique in that he based the fiction on his day to day experiences as a journalist. Because the book is controversial, it is necessary to outline the theoretical aspects, such as reception history, in the introductory chapter. The role of the critics in the reception of the texts is specifically studied as their reviews appeared mainly in newspapers and magazines. Most of the critics mentioned the fact that the collection of short texts had been banned and questioned the role of censorship in literature. These reviews (which are mentioned in the first chapter) have several shortcomings which are discussed in the third chapter. Several critics mentioned aspects of the different literary trends that are evident in the texts, such as Postmodernism, Realism and New journalism. Aspects of these literary trends are discussed in depth in the second chapter. The interplay between reality (the Huisgenoot-texts) and fiction (the short stories and poems) are carefully considered. The two related texts are compared and analysed, for example, determining which facts are present in the articles but are not utilised in the texts. This establishes the manner in which the author used and transformed these facts to create fiction...
15

[en] WHEN THOUGHT COMES DANCING, WHEN SOVEREIGNTY TREMBLES: EVENT TO COME, DEMOCRACY TO COME, REASON TO COME / [pt] QUANDO O PENSAMENTO VEM DANÇANDO, QUANDO A SOBERANIA TREME: EVENTO POR VIR, DEMOCRACIA POR VIR, RAZÃO POR VIR

SÉRGIO PEREIRA ANDRADE 19 December 2017 (has links)
[pt] Esta tese discute relações ético-políticas entre o pensar a dança e o pensar a filosofia a partir da desconstrução de Jacques Derrida. Toma como premissa que a dança performa um modo de pensamento desafiador para a herança arquipedagógico-filosófica que encerra a filosofia na tarefa restrita ao cálculo apreensível e antecipatório mano-visual. Em sua aproximação, o que entendemos como pensamento da dança faz tremer essa perspectiva, o que não significa dizer que a dança e seus artistas tenham meios para questionar a filosofia, mas que são portadores de um pensar que não se encerra no campo da produção conceitual filosófica. Assim, com a aproximação entre dança e filosofia, pretende-se explorar algumas possibilidades que se abrem, em tal encontro, para a experiência de um pensamento transdisciplinar e não conceitual. O argumento é desenvolvido a partir de três importantes noções pensadas pelo filósofo franco-argelino: evento por vir, democracia por vir e razão por vir — que são suplementares à tarefa de abertura radical do sim, sim ao pensar. Outras temáticas derridianas correlacionadas à discussão que aqui se propõe são abordadas, como: o direito à filosofia, a questão da ipseidade, a espectralidade, o mal de arquivo, o fato econômico circular e narrativo e o pensar em não ver. Apesar de se concentrar majoritariamente em questões lançadas por Derrida, esta tese evoca um tom multiautoral, combinando outras assinaturas de filosofia, teorias da dança e estudos da performance (bem como obras de dança e artes da performance). / [en] The dissertation discusses ethical and political relations between thinking dance and thinking philosophy with Jacques Derrida s deconstruction. Its premise is that dance performs a way of thinking that challenges the arch-pedagogyphilosophical heritage that closes philosophy at the restricted task of hand-visual calculation. In its approach, what we understand as dance s thought shakes this perspective, which doesn t means that the dance and its artists have the means to question the philosophy, but who are carriers of a thinking that does not end in the field of philosophical conceptual production. Thus with the approach between dance and philosophy, we intend to explore some possibilities that open for the experience of a cross-disciplinary thinking and not conceptual. The argument is developed from three important notions designed by the French-Algerian philosopher: event to come, democracy to come and reason to come - that works together in the radical opening task of yes, yes to the thinking. Other Derridean themes are dialogued as: right to philosophy, ipseity, spectrality, archive fever, narrative and circular economic factor and blind thinking. Although the dissertation is focused mainly on Derrida s proposals its text evokes a multiauthorial tone, combining other signatures of Philosophy, Theories of Dance and Performance Studies, as well as works of dance and performance.
16

Effects of load modelling on Voltage Impasse Regions (VIR)

Angeles Antolin Linan, Maria January 2019 (has links)
Voltage Impasse Region (VIR) is a phenomenon in power systemswhose dynamics are describe by a set of Differential AlgebraicEquations (DAE). VIR denotes a state-space area where voltagecausality is lost, i.e. the Jacobian of the algebraic part of DAEis singular. In a Time Domain Simulation (TDS) once system trajectoriesenter VIR, TDS experiences non-convergence of the solution.Then, there is no reason to continue with the simulation. Thisis why it is important to understand the mechanisms that introduceVIR. It is known that VIR appears in relation to static, non-linearload models. However, it remained unknown what the cumulativeeffect of several static, non-linear loads would be.This master thesis has further expanded the concept of VIRby carrying out a structured study on how the load modelling affectsVIR. For this purpose, this thesis proposes a quasi-dynamicmethodology to map VIR in the relative rotor angle space. Themethodology introduces a new discrete index called Voltage ImpasseRegion Flag (VIRflag), which allows to determine if the algebraicequations of DAE are solvable or not and, thus, to locate VIR.A test system is used to test the proposed quasi-dynamic approach.The VIRflag was first used to map VIR for various load combinations.Then, the relationship between TDS non-convergence issuesand the intersection of a trajectory with VIR is examined toverify the proposed methodology.The proposed method has been proved to be efficient in the determinationof VIR regardless of the number of non-linear loads inthe power system. Among the static exponential load models, theConstant Power (CP) load component has been identified as theone with the largest influence on VIR appearance and shape. TheConstant Current (CC) loads induce ”smaller" VIR areas and theConstant Impedance (CI) load can only alter the shape of VIR inthe presence of non-linear load models. / VIR (Voltage Impasse Regions) är ett fenomen i kraftsystem varsdynamiska förlöp beskrivs av differential-algebraiska ekvationer(DAE). VIR betecknar ett område i tillståndsrummet där går förlorad,dvs Jakobianen av den algebraiska delen av DAE är singulärI tidsdomän-simuleringar (TDS) när en trajektoria träffar VIR,konvergerar TDS inte till en lösning. Då finns ingen anledning attfortsätta med simuleringen. Därför är det viktigt att förstå mekanismernasom introducerar VIR. Det är känt att VIR är relateradetill statiska, icke-linjära lastmodeller. Det var dock okänt vadden kumulativa effekten av flera statiska, icke-linjära belastningarskulle vara.Denna uppsats har vidareutvecklat begreppet VIR genom attgenomföra en strukturerad studie om hur lastmodellering påverkarVIR. För detta ändamål föreslår denna avhandling en kvasidynamiskmetod för att kartlägga VIR i det relativa rotorvinkelrummet.Metoden introducerar ett nytt diskret index som heterVoltage Impasse Region Flag (VIRflag), vilket gör det möjligt attbestämma om den algebraiska delen av DAE är lösbar eller inteoch därmed lokalisera VIR. Ett används för att testa det föreslagnakvasi-dynamiska tillvägagångssättet. VIRflag användes först för attkartlägga VIR för olika belastningskombinationer. Därefter granskasförhållandet mellan konvergensproblem i TDS och korsningenmellan en trajektoria och VIR för att verifiera den föreslagna metoden.Den föreslagna metoden har visat sig vara effektiv vid bestämningav VIR, oberoende av antalet icke-linjära belastningar. Bland destatiska exponentiella belastningsmodellerna har konstanteffektlast(CP) haridentifierats som den som har störst inflytande påVIR;s form. Den konstantströmlasten (CC) inducerar mindre"VIRområdenoch konstantimpedanslasten (CI) kan endast ändra formenav VIR i närvaro av icke-linjära belastningsmodeller.
17

'n Pastorale ondersoek na die inrigting van geestelike en emosionele herstel in kontemporêre modelle vir innerlike genesing / Albertus Mauritius Ferreira

Ferreira, Albertus Mauritius January 2015 (has links)
In hierdie studie is die tema: ʼn Pastorale ondersoek na die inrigting van geestelike en emosionele herstel in kontemporêre modelle vir innerlike genesing. Die oogmerk is die uiteindelike formulering van vernuwende insigte en riglyne vir die pastorale begeleiding van emosioneel en geestelik verwonde persone vanuit ʼn innerlike genesingsperspektief. Osmer se pastoraal-teologiese metode word as vertrekpunt geneem en hiervolgens word daar onder die Normatiewe taak in hoofstuk 2 gefokus op sewe kontemporêre innerlike genesing modelle. Onder hierdie selfde afdeling word daar in hoofstuk 3 ʼn Skriftuurlike basis geformuleer vir die tema van innerlike genesing en word daar ook bepaal in watter mate beginsels vanuit die onderskeie innerlike genesingsmodelle wat ondersoek word, voldoen aan die eise van die Skrif. Onder die Interpreterende taak word daar in hoofstuk 4 gefokus op aanvullende riglyne vanuit die aangrensende wetenskappe met betrekking tot beginsels van innerlike genesing. Hier het onder andere geblyk dat diep onderdrukte emosionele pyn sekere liggaamlike probleme kan veroorsaak en ook die immuunsisteem onderdruk. Emosionele vryheid of gebondenheid word ook grootliks bepaal deur faktore soos disfunksionele gedragspatrone, traumatiese drome, die verlede te konfronteer, kompulsiewe gedrag te staak, vergifnis te bied/ontvang en op positiewe aspekte soos sterkpunte en prestasies van die verlede te fokus. Vanuit die Beskrywende empiriese taak in hoofstuk 5 word die resultate van drie gevallestudies aan die orde gestel. Tydens gebedsessies is daar telkens saam met die begeleidendes onder leiding van die Heilige Gees as’t ware ‘terug beweeg’ na die oorspronklike traumatiese situasies. Insiggewende waarnemings is gemaak ten opsigte van die begeleidendes se belewenisse van emosionele en geestelike genesing tydens hierdie sessies. Praktyk-teoretiese riglyne ten opsigte van die formulering van ʼn eie innerlike genesingsmodel kom aan die orde in hoofstuk 6 onder die Pragmatiese taak. Die model wat voorgestel word bestaan uit ses fases waarvan die gebedsessie die kern gedeelte vorm. / PhD (Pastoral Studies), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
18

Die onderrig van Scratch met die oog op die aanleer van Delphi as objekgeoriënteerde programmeertaal / Susarah van Zyl

Van Zyl, Susarah January 2014 (has links)
Volgens die Kurrikulum- en Assesseringsbeleidsverklaring moet Inligtingstegnologie-leerders in graad 10 aanvangsonderrig in Scratch as programmeertaal ontvang en in graad 11 na Delphi of Java as programmeertaal oorskakel. In Noordwesprovinsie word Delphi as programmeertaal in graad 11 bestudeer. Die aard van Scratch en dié van Delphi verskil egter van mekaar. Scratch is ʼn visuele programmeertaal met ʼn speelse aard, waar boublokke met ingeboude programmeringskode inmekaar gepas word om programme te skep, terwyl programmeringskode in Delphi, onderhewig aan sintaktiese reëls, ingetik word. Daar word verder van leerders verwag om by Delphi ʼn objekgeoriënteerde programmeringsbenadering te volg terwyl Scratch as ʼn objekgebaseerde programmeertaal beskou word. Die oorgang vanaf Scratch na Delphi is nog nie tevore in navorsing ondersoek nie. Die doel van hierdie navorsing was dus om te bepaal hoe Scratch aan graad 10-leerders onderrig behoort te word om die oorgang na Delphi as sintaksisgebaseerde, objekgeoriënteerde programmeertaal te ondersteun. ʼn Kwalitatiewe studie is gedoen waartydens onderhoude met agt Inligtingstegnologie-onderwysers in Noordwesprovinsie gevoer is. Aan die begin van 2013 is die eerste onderhoude gevoer om te bepaal hoe Scratch in graad 10 onderrig is. Ná verloop van ses maande is ʼn tweede onderhoud met elke deelnemende onderwyser gevoer om te bepaal hoe die oorgang na Delphi in graad 11 ervaar is. Die bevindings dui daarop dat deelnemende onderwysers onseker was hoe om Scratch te onderrig en dat programmeringsbeginsels en -begrippe nie pertinent onderrig is nie. Onderwysers het op leerders se intuïtiewe begrip van programmeringsbegrippe staatgemaak en geskikte onderrig–leerstrategieë is nie toegepas nie. Met die oorgang na Delphi in graad 11 het onderwysers aangedui dat hulle programmering feitlik weer van voor af moes onderrig en dat baie min programmeringsbegrippe na Delphi oorgedra is. Onderwysers was onder druk om programmeringsbegrippe wat in graad 10 reeds vasgelê moes gewees het, tesame met nuwe begrippe wat vir die onderrig van Delphi benodig was, te onderrig. Voorstelle van onderwysers om toekomstige druk te verlig, het betrekking gehad op ʼn inkorting in Scratch-onderrigtyd en was nie gerig op die onderrig van programmeringsbeginsels en -begrippe in Scratch met die oog op die oorgang na Delphi nie. Tydens die navorsing is bevind dat die meeste programmeringsbeginsels en -begrippe reeds met Scratch onderrig kan word. Scratch-onderrig, met die oog op die oorgang na Delphi, moet egter noodwendig anders geskied as Scratch-onderrig ten einde ʼn belangstelling vir programmering te kweek. Na aanleiding van hierdie navorsing word aanbevelings gemaak om Scratch te onderrig, sodat die kennis en vaardighede wat graad 10-leerders met Scratch opdoen, verband hou en toegepas kan word op Delphi. Om onderwysers te ondersteun en hulle onsekerheid van Scratch-onderrig die hoof te bied, word spesifieke aanbevelings met betrekking tot die onderrig van Scratch gemaak ten opsigte van probleemvoorstelling en algoritme-ontwerp, instandhouding, foutopsporing en fouthantering, veranderlikes en datatipes, herhaling- en besluitnemingstrukture, objekgeoriënteerde begrippe, bewerkingsoperators, karakterhantering en ʼn onderrig–leerstrategieë vir Scratch. / MEd (Computer Science Education), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
19

'n Pastorale ondersoek na die inrigting van geestelike en emosionele herstel in kontemporêre modelle vir innerlike genesing / Albertus Mauritius Ferreira

Ferreira, Albertus Mauritius January 2015 (has links)
In hierdie studie is die tema: ʼn Pastorale ondersoek na die inrigting van geestelike en emosionele herstel in kontemporêre modelle vir innerlike genesing. Die oogmerk is die uiteindelike formulering van vernuwende insigte en riglyne vir die pastorale begeleiding van emosioneel en geestelik verwonde persone vanuit ʼn innerlike genesingsperspektief. Osmer se pastoraal-teologiese metode word as vertrekpunt geneem en hiervolgens word daar onder die Normatiewe taak in hoofstuk 2 gefokus op sewe kontemporêre innerlike genesing modelle. Onder hierdie selfde afdeling word daar in hoofstuk 3 ʼn Skriftuurlike basis geformuleer vir die tema van innerlike genesing en word daar ook bepaal in watter mate beginsels vanuit die onderskeie innerlike genesingsmodelle wat ondersoek word, voldoen aan die eise van die Skrif. Onder die Interpreterende taak word daar in hoofstuk 4 gefokus op aanvullende riglyne vanuit die aangrensende wetenskappe met betrekking tot beginsels van innerlike genesing. Hier het onder andere geblyk dat diep onderdrukte emosionele pyn sekere liggaamlike probleme kan veroorsaak en ook die immuunsisteem onderdruk. Emosionele vryheid of gebondenheid word ook grootliks bepaal deur faktore soos disfunksionele gedragspatrone, traumatiese drome, die verlede te konfronteer, kompulsiewe gedrag te staak, vergifnis te bied/ontvang en op positiewe aspekte soos sterkpunte en prestasies van die verlede te fokus. Vanuit die Beskrywende empiriese taak in hoofstuk 5 word die resultate van drie gevallestudies aan die orde gestel. Tydens gebedsessies is daar telkens saam met die begeleidendes onder leiding van die Heilige Gees as’t ware ‘terug beweeg’ na die oorspronklike traumatiese situasies. Insiggewende waarnemings is gemaak ten opsigte van die begeleidendes se belewenisse van emosionele en geestelike genesing tydens hierdie sessies. Praktyk-teoretiese riglyne ten opsigte van die formulering van ʼn eie innerlike genesingsmodel kom aan die orde in hoofstuk 6 onder die Pragmatiese taak. Die model wat voorgestel word bestaan uit ses fases waarvan die gebedsessie die kern gedeelte vorm. / PhD (Pastoral Studies), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
20

Die onderrig van Scratch met die oog op die aanleer van Delphi as objekgeoriënteerde programmeertaal / Susarah van Zyl

Van Zyl, Susarah January 2014 (has links)
Volgens die Kurrikulum- en Assesseringsbeleidsverklaring moet Inligtingstegnologie-leerders in graad 10 aanvangsonderrig in Scratch as programmeertaal ontvang en in graad 11 na Delphi of Java as programmeertaal oorskakel. In Noordwesprovinsie word Delphi as programmeertaal in graad 11 bestudeer. Die aard van Scratch en dié van Delphi verskil egter van mekaar. Scratch is ʼn visuele programmeertaal met ʼn speelse aard, waar boublokke met ingeboude programmeringskode inmekaar gepas word om programme te skep, terwyl programmeringskode in Delphi, onderhewig aan sintaktiese reëls, ingetik word. Daar word verder van leerders verwag om by Delphi ʼn objekgeoriënteerde programmeringsbenadering te volg terwyl Scratch as ʼn objekgebaseerde programmeertaal beskou word. Die oorgang vanaf Scratch na Delphi is nog nie tevore in navorsing ondersoek nie. Die doel van hierdie navorsing was dus om te bepaal hoe Scratch aan graad 10-leerders onderrig behoort te word om die oorgang na Delphi as sintaksisgebaseerde, objekgeoriënteerde programmeertaal te ondersteun. ʼn Kwalitatiewe studie is gedoen waartydens onderhoude met agt Inligtingstegnologie-onderwysers in Noordwesprovinsie gevoer is. Aan die begin van 2013 is die eerste onderhoude gevoer om te bepaal hoe Scratch in graad 10 onderrig is. Ná verloop van ses maande is ʼn tweede onderhoud met elke deelnemende onderwyser gevoer om te bepaal hoe die oorgang na Delphi in graad 11 ervaar is. Die bevindings dui daarop dat deelnemende onderwysers onseker was hoe om Scratch te onderrig en dat programmeringsbeginsels en -begrippe nie pertinent onderrig is nie. Onderwysers het op leerders se intuïtiewe begrip van programmeringsbegrippe staatgemaak en geskikte onderrig–leerstrategieë is nie toegepas nie. Met die oorgang na Delphi in graad 11 het onderwysers aangedui dat hulle programmering feitlik weer van voor af moes onderrig en dat baie min programmeringsbegrippe na Delphi oorgedra is. Onderwysers was onder druk om programmeringsbegrippe wat in graad 10 reeds vasgelê moes gewees het, tesame met nuwe begrippe wat vir die onderrig van Delphi benodig was, te onderrig. Voorstelle van onderwysers om toekomstige druk te verlig, het betrekking gehad op ʼn inkorting in Scratch-onderrigtyd en was nie gerig op die onderrig van programmeringsbeginsels en -begrippe in Scratch met die oog op die oorgang na Delphi nie. Tydens die navorsing is bevind dat die meeste programmeringsbeginsels en -begrippe reeds met Scratch onderrig kan word. Scratch-onderrig, met die oog op die oorgang na Delphi, moet egter noodwendig anders geskied as Scratch-onderrig ten einde ʼn belangstelling vir programmering te kweek. Na aanleiding van hierdie navorsing word aanbevelings gemaak om Scratch te onderrig, sodat die kennis en vaardighede wat graad 10-leerders met Scratch opdoen, verband hou en toegepas kan word op Delphi. Om onderwysers te ondersteun en hulle onsekerheid van Scratch-onderrig die hoof te bied, word spesifieke aanbevelings met betrekking tot die onderrig van Scratch gemaak ten opsigte van probleemvoorstelling en algoritme-ontwerp, instandhouding, foutopsporing en fouthantering, veranderlikes en datatipes, herhaling- en besluitnemingstrukture, objekgeoriënteerde begrippe, bewerkingsoperators, karakterhantering en ʼn onderrig–leerstrategieë vir Scratch. / MEd (Computer Science Education), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

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