Geen opsomming beskikbaar nie / No summary available / Industrial & Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Traditionally the body has been neglected within Western philosophical thought. In this tradition man is seen as a dualist organism whose mind is more highly valued than his or her body. Since the start of the twentieth century, especially, there has also been Western thinkers who deconstruct the traditional, opposisional view of the mind and body. Most of these thinkers are men, and they argue from a male perspective. The deconstruction of the opposition between mind and body is, however, also useful for feminism, as the woman was traditionally seen as more bodily, and less rational, than the man. This view of woman can be used to support arguments that her place is within the home, where she should look after the bodily and emotional needs of her husband and children. First and second wave feminists criticised above-mentioned traditional view of women by arguing that the woman is just as rational as the man. Other feminists make use of the 'male' criticism of the body-mind opposition by arguing that traditionally female attributes and activities are not less valuable than male ones. In this thesis it is argued that the novellas Klaaglied vir Koos, Erf and Louoond should be read against this background as feminist texts in which the traditionally female space of the kitchen is celebrated as a space in which the female subject can create art and develop a perspective on the outside world. Focusing on the body and on traditionally female values (such as the domestic space) have implications for, amongst others, epistemology, ethical thought and literary theory. The way these implications are developed in the three novellas are explored in this thesis. Domestic spaces are not only celebrated in these texts, they are also represented as problematical, limited spaces which isolate the protagonists of the novellas and withhold them from the potential of political solidarity. The novellas are therefore treated in this thesis as complex texts in which the literary focus on domestic space, female embodiment and man‘s relationship with food is both celebrated and problematised. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tradisioneel is die liggaam afgeskeep in die Westerse filosofie. Binne hierdie tradisie is die mens beskou as ‘n dualistiese organisme wie se verstand meer waardevol is as sy of haar liggaam. Veral sedert die begin van die twintigste eeu is daar ook Westerse denkers wat die tradisionele, opposisionele siening van die liggaam en die verstand dekonstrueer. Die meeste van hierdie denkers is mans en neem slegs die manlike perspektief in ag. Die dekonstruksie van die opposisie tussen liggaam en verstand is egter ook nuttig vir die feminisme, omdat die vrou tradisioneel gesien is as meer liggaamlik en minder rasioneel as die man. Hierdie tradisionele siening van die vrou kan gebruik word om te argumenteer dat haar plek in die huishoudelike ruimte is, waar sy kan omsien na die liggaamlike en emosionele behoeftes van haar man en kinders. Eerste- en tweedegolf-feministe het bogenoemde tradisionele opvattings veral gekritiseer deur te argumenteer dat die vrou net so rasioneel soos die man is. Latere feministe bou egter voort op 'manlike‘ kritiek teen die opposisie tussen liggaam en verstand deur te argumenteer dat tradisioneel vroulike eienskappe en aktiwiteite nie minder waardevol is as sogenaamde manlike eienskappe nie. In hierdie tesis word geargumenteer dat die novelles Klaaglied vir Koos en Erf deur Lettie Viljoen en Louoond deur Jeanne Goosen teen hierdie agtergrond gelees kan word as feministiese tekste waarin die tradisioneel vroulike ruimte van die kombuis gevier word as ‘n ruimte waarin die vroulike subjek ‘n perspektief op die buitewêreld kan ontwikkel en kuns kan skep. ʼn Fokus op die liggaam en op tradisioneel vroulike elemente (soos die huishoudelike ruimte) behels implikasies vir onder andere die epistemologie, etiese denke en literêre teorie. Hierdie implikasies word verken soos wat hulle na vore kom in die drie novelles. In die novelles word die huishoudelike ruimte egter ook uitgebeeld as ʼn problematiese, beperkende ruimte wat die hoofkarakters van die novelles afsny van die buitewêreld en van die moontlikheid van politieke solidariteit. Daar word geargumenteer dat die novelles dus komplekse tekste is waarin literatuur wat fokus op die huishoudelike ruimte, vroulike liggaamlikheid en die mens se verhouding met kos sowel gevier en geproblematiseer kan word.

Die studie foku.s op die verwantskap tussen sin vir koherensie as 'n intrinsieke hanteringsbron aan die een kant, en elk van streshantering, algemene gesondheid en sielkundige uitbranding aan die antler kant. Vraelyste wat hierdie veranderlikes meet is aan 200 bestuurders gegee om te voltooi. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie toon aan dat bestuurders met 'n hoi! sin vir koherensie goeie algemene gesondheid geniet. Die bestuurder met 'n hoi! sin vir koherensie behoon dus meer e.ffektief te junksioneer in die werksiruasie as die bestuurder met 'n lae sin vir koherensie. Voons is ook bevind dar 'n hoi! sin vir koherensie nie noodwendig aanleiding gee tot lae vlakke van stres of van sielkundige uitbranding nie. Aanbevelings word gedoen oor hoe om die negatiewe gevolge van stres en sielkundige uitbranding te venninder en algemene gesondheid te bevorder, ten einde die bestuurder se potensiaal optimaal benut. This study focuses on the relationship between sense of coherence as an intrinsic coping mechanism. and work stress, general health and psychological burnout. To measure these variables, questionnaires were completed by 200 managers. The findings of this study indicate that managers with a high sense of coherence experience good general health. The manager with a high sense of coherence should therefore junction more efficiently in a work situation·than the manager with a low sense of coherence. It was also found that a high sense of coherence does not necessarily lead to low levels of stress nor of psychological burnout. Recommendations are made on how to reduce the negative effects of stress and psychological burnout and how to improve general health in order to make optimal use of the manager's potential. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Ancrée dans une double posture interprétativiste et positiviste et une fondation théorique triple d’éthique de la vertu, d’apprentissage social et de leadership authentique, cette thèse exploratoire mobilise les champs de la philosophie et des sciences sociales afin de conceptualiser les dimensions de l’Exemplarité Managériale Perçue (EMP) : 1) des comportements d’éthique personnelle, de management éthique d’équipe et de considération d’autrui, 2) un processus de perception de l’exemplarité managériale et 3) l’impact de cette perception sur les individus. Une étude exploratoire est suivie de deux études quantitative et qualitative sur un échantillon de 1172 professionnels dans 28 pays. Nous identifions des processus mimétiques qui facilitent la socialisation et l’adoption de normes et la transmission de connaissances et de compétences, ainsi que des sources d’inspiration vertueuse qui encouragent l’individu à devenir un meilleur être humain, collaborateur et manager. Les résultats présentent un modèle relationnel issu d’analyses factorielles exploratoires et de modélisation par équations structurelles qui souligne la nature exemplaire de comportements éthiques et de l’alignement et identification du manager à l’organisation ainsi que des contrastes entre différentes cultures. Le développement en cours d’un instrument de mesure ouvre des voies de recherche futures dans la méthodologie d’exploration à grande échelle et la recherche d’antécédents de managers perçus comme exemplaires. Cette recherche trouve des applications managériales en alignement organisationnel, conduite du changement et en développement du management et du leadership / Anchored in both an interpretivist and positivist epistemological posture and a triple theoreti-cal foundation of virtue ethics, social learning and authentic leadership, this transdisciplinary exploratory doctoral thesis mobilizes philosophy and social sciences fields to conceptualize the dimensions of Perceived Managerial Exemplarity (PME): 1) behaviors manifesting personal ethics, team management ethics and consideration of others, 2) a perception process of managerial exemplarity and 3) the impact of that perception has on individuals. An explorato-ry study is followed by two quantitative and qualitative studies on a sample of 1,172 professionals in 28 countries. We identify on one hand mimetic processes that facilitate so-cialization and the adoption of common standards and norms and the transmission of knowledge and skills, and on the other sources of virtuous inspiration that encourage the indi-vidual to become a better human being, associate and manager. The results show a relational model originating from exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling that high-lights the exemplary nature of ethical behavior and alignment/identification of the manager with the organization, as well as contrasts between different cultures. The ongoing develop-ment of a measurement instrument opens future avenues of research in large-scale exploration methodology and research of common antecedents of perceived exemplary managers. This re-search finds diverse managerial applications in organizational alignment, change management and management development and leadership

本文共分九章，約二十餘萬字。其主旨在於秉持文化意識，深入瞭解儒家的德行觀，進而指陳其德行優位之倫理學特色，賦予其現代意義。第一章 緒論，說明研究動機與研究之方法。第二章 探討商周之際之天命有德思想，以導引出儒家與起之背景及其思想發展脈絡。第三章 說明先秦儒家之興起及其思想產生之歷史背景。第四章 旨在舖陳儒家德行觀之思想基礎，說明其超越與內在之統合辯證。第五章 探討儒家德行觀之內容，說明道、德、道德與倫理，德行之真義及仁與德行之關係，並對德目加以選析。第六章 探討德行與實踐之問題，說明君子、賢、聖等教育與成德之典範，並講究德行與社會正義之充分實現。第七章 以倫理學角度，說明儒家之德行觀，以德行優於義務，也以德行來統合效益，是一種德行優位 之社會造福學。第八章 詮釋儒家德行觀之現代意義，它提供了一種以德行來貞定民主與科學的趨向，並提供現代人之成德自趨向。在尊重多元社會、客觀法律制度之際，還以生活主體的創造身分，從事宜人生活世界之德行創造觀。第九章 結論，呼籲現代人要注重傳統，以現代方式表現傳統儒家之德行觀。

The aim of this study is to determine how literature teaching in a multicultural context can be used effectively to promote intercultural communication and understanding in South Africa, a relatively young democracy in a period of transition. A selection of short stories from the chosen short story anthologies, Taxi (1996) and Keerpunt(1995), will be analysed with reference to both key elements from theories about intercultural communication and the criteria for multicultural texts. The study will be concluded by a statement about the suitability of the chosen anthologies to promote intercultural communication and understanding through the teaching of literature within a multicultural context. Die doel van hierdie studie is om ondersoek in te stel na hoe literatuuronderrig in 'n multikulturele konteks effektief gebruik kan word om interkulturele kommunikasie en begrip te bevorder veral noudat Suid Afrika ' n relatief nuwe demokrasie in 'n oorgangsperiode is. Hierdie doel word nagestreef deur geselekteerde kortverhale uit die gekose kortverhaalbundels, Taxi (1996) en Keerpunf (1995), te analiseer met verwysing na kernelemente vanuit die teorievorming oor interkulturele kommunikasie asook die kriteria vir 'n multikulturele teks. Aan die einde van hierdie studie word aangedui of die gekose kortverhaalbundels geskikte tekste is om interkulturele kommunikasie en begrip in 'n multikulturele konteks te bevorder deur literatuuronderrig. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2001.

This study focuses on the sense of self of adolescents when they are reintegrated into schools after dropping out. Dropout is a global phenomenon and yet very little research has been undertaken regarding reintegration and especially the successful reintegration of adolescents and how this reintegration affects their sense of self. The goal of the study was to determine how reintegrated adolescents experience their reintegration into schools, and how this has affected them in terms of how they see themselves. The research hoped to discover what personal difficulties the adolescents had overcome in their return to school as well as the motivating factors that would keep the reintegrated adolescents in school. The research was conducted from a phenomenological Gestalt, field approach and followed a qualitative research design within an interpretivist framework. This research design allows the participants to give meaning to their own experiences. A total of six adolescent boys between the ages of 13 and 17 were purposefully selected from the informal settlement of Groenheuwel, Paarl in the Western Cape. Five of the six adolescents had been reintegrated into schools in 2011 and 2012 by the Khula Development Group. One adolescent participant was a peer educator and although he had never dropped out, he contributed meaningful data on how reintegrated adolescents are experienced as seen from his role as a peer educator. Other participants in the research included the Headmaster of Groenheuwel Primary School and the President and Project leader of the Khula Development Group. The qualitative data were collected in the form of individual open-ended interviews with the adolescents, project leader and headmaster. The researcher’s objective was to understand and interpret the meanings the participants gave to their own experiences, which was further done through observation, member checking, and a reflective group discussion including the application of an art technique. The interviews were recorded on DVD. The reflective group discussion was held with the adolescent participants two weeks after the individual interviews. The group discussion included an art technique, where the adolescents were asked to create their experiences of their return to school in clay. This session was also recorded on DVD. Recordings were transcribed by the researcher to ascertain certain emerging themes and categories. Thematic data analysis was used to transform the transcribed data into meaningful information. The principles and strategies for enhancing the trustworthiness of the data were done through crystallisation. The findings of the study revealed the unrealistic expectations with which the adolescents view their sense of self. / Thesis (MA (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

Explicating the nature and concomitants of eudaimonic well-being is currently at the forefront of research on a fulfilling life and functioning well. However, the strength of research conducted on constructs is dependent on the quality of instrumentation. In view of this notion, Waterman et al. (2010) developed the Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being (QEWB) to operationalise their conceptualisation of eudaimonic well-being and explored the scale’s validity in American student samples. In particular, they confirmed a good fit of a unidimensional factor structure by using parcelled indicators in confirmatory factor analysis. Research on the applicability of this measure within the other cultural contexts needs to take cognisance of aspects such as conceptual equivalence, translation issues, and validity criteria. To contribute to the adaptation of the QEWB for the multilingual South African context, the aim of this study was to explore the structural and external validity of English, Afrikaans, and Setswana versions of the QEWB. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey design was used for data gathering. The sample (n = 975) consisted of students from a large university in South Africa, who completed either the English (n = 325), Afrikaans (n = 478), or Setswana (n = 172) version of the scale. To investigate the structural validity of the scale, descriptive statistics, reliability coefficients, and the scale’s factor structure were scrutinised. Regarding the latter, confirmatory factor analyses with both parcel- and item-level indicators, as well as principal component analyses were examined to assess the fit of a one-factor model. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted to further explore the dimensionality of the scale. External validity was examined by considering the attenuation corrected correlational patterns between scores on the QEWB and measures of well-being and ill-being. Results showed that item- and scale-level scores were mostly negatively skewed, with high average scores. Internal consistency reliability statistics indicated satisfactory reliability, except for a small mean interitem correlation for the Setswana instrument. Although adequate goodness of fit statistics of parcel-level confirmatory factor analyses supported Waterman et al.’s (2010) notion of a one-factor structure, the assumption of unidimensionality within parcels was not satisfied, which suggested that these analyses could have masked multidimensionality. A lack of fit of the one-factor model was shown by a number of small or negative interitem and item-total correlations, insufficient fit indices for item-level confirmatory factor analyses, and a small proportion of variance explained by the first unrotated component in principal component analysis. Exploratory factor analyses indicated a three-factor model, where the factors Sense of Purpose, Active Involvement in Beliefs, and Effortful Engagement were distinguished. For the English scale, a four-factor model was also sensible. Items that may need modification for the current context were identified. Support for convergent and discriminant validity was established. This study contributed to a further validation of the QEWB and highlighted its multidimensional structure for the groups involved. Further evaluation of the scale on conceptual and empirical levels is indicated, also specifically for applicability within the South African multilingual context. / Thesis (MSc (Clinical Psychology)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

This study focuses on the sense of self of adolescents when they are reintegrated into schools after dropping out. Dropout is a global phenomenon and yet very little research has been undertaken regarding reintegration and especially the successful reintegration of adolescents and how this reintegration affects their sense of self. The goal of the study was to determine how reintegrated adolescents experience their reintegration into schools, and how this has affected them in terms of how they see themselves. The research hoped to discover what personal difficulties the adolescents had overcome in their return to school as well as the motivating factors that would keep the reintegrated adolescents in school. The research was conducted from a phenomenological Gestalt, field approach and followed a qualitative research design within an interpretivist framework. This research design allows the participants to give meaning to their own experiences. A total of six adolescent boys between the ages of 13 and 17 were purposefully selected from the informal settlement of Groenheuwel, Paarl in the Western Cape. Five of the six adolescents had been reintegrated into schools in 2011 and 2012 by the Khula Development Group. One adolescent participant was a peer educator and although he had never dropped out, he contributed meaningful data on how reintegrated adolescents are experienced as seen from his role as a peer educator. Other participants in the research included the Headmaster of Groenheuwel Primary School and the President and Project leader of the Khula Development Group. The qualitative data were collected in the form of individual open-ended interviews with the adolescents, project leader and headmaster. The researcher’s objective was to understand and interpret the meanings the participants gave to their own experiences, which was further done through observation, member checking, and a reflective group discussion including the application of an art technique. The interviews were recorded on DVD. The reflective group discussion was held with the adolescent participants two weeks after the individual interviews. The group discussion included an art technique, where the adolescents were asked to create their experiences of their return to school in clay. This session was also recorded on DVD. Recordings were transcribed by the researcher to ascertain certain emerging themes and categories. Thematic data analysis was used to transform the transcribed data into meaningful information. The principles and strategies for enhancing the trustworthiness of the data were done through crystallisation. The findings of the study revealed the unrealistic expectations with which the adolescents view their sense of self. / Thesis (MA (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

Explicating the nature and concomitants of eudaimonic well-being is currently at the forefront of research on a fulfilling life and functioning well. However, the strength of research conducted on constructs is dependent on the quality of instrumentation. In view of this notion, Waterman et al. (2010) developed the Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being (QEWB) to operationalise their conceptualisation of eudaimonic well-being and explored the scale’s validity in American student samples. In particular, they confirmed a good fit of a unidimensional factor structure by using parcelled indicators in confirmatory factor analysis. Research on the applicability of this measure within the other cultural contexts needs to take cognisance of aspects such as conceptual equivalence, translation issues, and validity criteria. To contribute to the adaptation of the QEWB for the multilingual South African context, the aim of this study was to explore the structural and external validity of English, Afrikaans, and Setswana versions of the QEWB. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey design was used for data gathering. The sample (n = 975) consisted of students from a large university in South Africa, who completed either the English (n = 325), Afrikaans (n = 478), or Setswana (n = 172) version of the scale. To investigate the structural validity of the scale, descriptive statistics, reliability coefficients, and the scale’s factor structure were scrutinised. Regarding the latter, confirmatory factor analyses with both parcel- and item-level indicators, as well as principal component analyses were examined to assess the fit of a one-factor model. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted to further explore the dimensionality of the scale. External validity was examined by considering the attenuation corrected correlational patterns between scores on the QEWB and measures of well-being and ill-being. Results showed that item- and scale-level scores were mostly negatively skewed, with high average scores. Internal consistency reliability statistics indicated satisfactory reliability, except for a small mean interitem correlation for the Setswana instrument. Although adequate goodness of fit statistics of parcel-level confirmatory factor analyses supported Waterman et al.’s (2010) notion of a one-factor structure, the assumption of unidimensionality within parcels was not satisfied, which suggested that these analyses could have masked multidimensionality. A lack of fit of the one-factor model was shown by a number of small or negative interitem and item-total correlations, insufficient fit indices for item-level confirmatory factor analyses, and a small proportion of variance explained by the first unrotated component in principal component analysis. Exploratory factor analyses indicated a three-factor model, where the factors Sense of Purpose, Active Involvement in Beliefs, and Effortful Engagement were distinguished. For the English scale, a four-factor model was also sensible. Items that may need modification for the current context were identified. Support for convergent and discriminant validity was established. This study contributed to a further validation of the QEWB and highlighted its multidimensional structure for the groups involved. Further evaluation of the scale on conceptual and empirical levels is indicated, also specifically for applicability within the South African multilingual context. / Thesis (MSc (Clinical Psychology)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.