A preocupação com o impacto ambiental decorrente da implantação e operação de novas linhas metroferroviárias faz com que seja necessário o uso de sistemas que amorteçam as vibrações e atenuem os ruídos secundários oriundos deste modo de transporte. Uma solução de atenuação largamente empregada é o sistema massa-mola, composto por lajes de concreto armado, apoiadas sobre materiais resilientes. Este trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo de alternativas para mitigação da vibração da via permanente por meio do conhecimento da variabilidade das respostas dinâmicas e frequências naturais de sistemas massa-mola criados computacionalmente. Entre as soluções propostas tem-se o uso de concreto pesado na construção da laje flutuante. A avaliação foi realizada utilizando modelos numéricos calibrados com dados experimentais presentes nas revisões bibliográficas. Os resultados do estudo indicaram que as soluções propostas podem ser consideradas nos projetos de atenuação de vibração de via permanente. / The concern with the environmental impact resulting from the implementation and operation of new subway lines makes it necessary to use systems that cushion the vibrations and attenuate the secondary noises from this mode of transportation. A widely used attenuation solution is the mass-spring system, composed of reinforced concrete slabs resting on resilient materials. The objective of this work is to study the alternatives for permanent vibration attenuation through the knowledge of the variability of the dynamic responses and natural frequencies of computationally created mass-spring systems. Among the proposed solutions is the use of heavy concrete for construction of the floating slab. The evaluation was performed using numerical models calibrated with experimental data from bibliographic reviews. The results of the study indicated that the proposed solutions can be considered in permanent vibration attenuation projects.

A preocupação com o impacto ambiental decorrente da implantação e operação de novas linhas metroferroviárias faz com que seja necessário o uso de sistemas que amorteçam as vibrações e atenuem os ruídos secundários oriundos deste modo de transporte. Uma solução de atenuação largamente empregada é o sistema massa-mola, composto por lajes de concreto armado, apoiadas sobre materiais resilientes. Este trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo de alternativas para mitigação da vibração da via permanente por meio do conhecimento da variabilidade das respostas dinâmicas e frequências naturais de sistemas massa-mola criados computacionalmente. Entre as soluções propostas tem-se o uso de concreto pesado na construção da laje flutuante. A avaliação foi realizada utilizando modelos numéricos calibrados com dados experimentais presentes nas revisões bibliográficas. Os resultados do estudo indicaram que as soluções propostas podem ser consideradas nos projetos de atenuação de vibração de via permanente. / The concern with the environmental impact resulting from the implementation and operation of new subway lines makes it necessary to use systems that cushion the vibrations and attenuate the secondary noises from this mode of transportation. A widely used attenuation solution is the mass-spring system, composed of reinforced concrete slabs resting on resilient materials. The objective of this work is to study the alternatives for permanent vibration attenuation through the knowledge of the variability of the dynamic responses and natural frequencies of computationally created mass-spring systems. Among the proposed solutions is the use of heavy concrete for construction of the floating slab. The evaluation was performed using numerical models calibrated with experimental data from bibliographic reviews. The results of the study indicated that the proposed solutions can be considered in permanent vibration attenuation projects.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:31:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Beatriz Akemi Takeiti.pdf: 3794564 bytes, checksum: a7d84fe8e0b47489298ddabac8fe2dcd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study is based on a denaturalizing perspective of youth violence, through narratives on young people existence ways, especially those who are forged by the invention of cultural practices on the peripheries. This study aims to identify and analyze, in the light of Michel Foucault s contributions, youth subjectivity ways in contexts of increasing vulnerability. We focused on the analysis of the effects of violence in the production of subjectivities, as well as the strategies by which the young people reverse the periphery stigma. For both, we followed three subjects engaged in different cultural collective activities - marginal literature presentations, hip-hop movement and audiovisual production - during the year 2012 in the districts of Brasilândia and Vila Nova Cachoeirinha in the northern zone of São Paulo state. We conducted interviews in both oral history and ethnographic experiments in the territory in which they resided. When making a written defense, committed to a policy of narrative, we decided to start this thesis from Jorge s story, our main interlocutor and thread. These stories are not only on migrations, land occupations, poverty, violence, but also on creative collective productions, new ways of living woven through aesthetic inventions in the periphery. We point out two different moments, but interconnected which showed the effects of violence in the youth subjectivity ways. The first moment, presented in the Part II, shows as the periphery has emerged as a live-territory and contributed to the construction of existential territories of young people. This territorying is what operates a certain youthful positioning as if the young man, black man and poor man stigma from this place to the emblem, to the pride of being from the periphery. This way, at the second moment, in the Part III, we highlight how these cultural collective activities, such as the Poesia da Brasa poetry presentation and the Cinescadão , invoke a form of resistance, turning the experiences of violence and vulnerable moments lived in the peripheries into ethical, aesthetic and political practices. This way, the adoption of the narratives as a method does not only express a methodological concern about the procedures we used with the subject matter, but also demarcates, primarily, a political stance, an ethos of the researcher in the development of the study: the one which does not separate the production of knowledge / from the writing production subjectivity policy / Esta tese se apoia numa perspectiva desnaturalizadora da violência juvenil, por meio de narrativas dos modos de existência de jovens, especialmente daqueles que se forjam pela invenção de práticas culturais na periferia. Tem como objetivo identificar e analisar, à luz dos aportes de Michel Foucault, modos de subjetivação de jovens em contextos de vulnerabilização. Privilegiou-se a análise dos efeitos das violências na produção de subjetividades, assim como as estratégias pelas quais os jovens revertem o estigma da periferia. Para tanto, acompanhamos três sujeitos engajados em distintos coletivos culturais sarau de literatura marginal, movimento hip-hop e produção audiovisual durante o ano de 2012 nos distritos da Brasilândia e Vila Nova Cachoeirinha na zona norte de São Paulo. Realizamos tanto entrevistas em história oral quanto experimentações etnográficas no território em que eles residiam. Ao fazer a defesa de uma escrita, engajada com uma política da narratividade, optamos por iniciar esta tese a partir da história de Jorge, nosso principal interlocutor e fio condutor. São histórias não só de migrações, ocupações, pobreza, violências, mas, também, de produções coletivas, criativas, formas inéditas de vida tecidas por meio de invenções estéticas na periferia. Apontamos dois momentos distintos, porém interconectados que evidenciaram os efeitos da violência nos modos de subjetivação juvenil. O primeiro deles, apresentado na Parte II, sinaliza como a periferia tem se configurado como um território-vivo e contribuído para a construção dos territórios existenciais dos jovens. Esta territorialização é a marca que opera um certo posicionamento juvenil, como se o estigma de jovem, negro e pobre desse lugar ao emblema, ao orgulho de ser da periferia. Assim, no segundo momento, na Parte III, destacamos como esses coletivos culturais, o Sarau Poesia da Brasa e o Cinescadão, invocam uma forma de resistência, transformando as experiências das violências e vulnerabilizações vividas na periferia em práticas éticas, estéticos e políticas. Neste sentido, a adoção das narrativas como método não expressa apenas uma preocupação metodológica quanto aos procedimentos com que tratamos o objeto de estudo, mas demarca, sobretudo, um posicionamento político, um ethos do pesquisador no desenvolvimento da pesquisa: aquele que não separa produção de conhecimento/política da escrita da produção de subjetividade

Entendida como um processo histórico e relacional, a heterogeneidade social das formas familiares de trabalho e produção na agricultura é abordada nesta tese a partir de uma perspectiva que prima pela análise do universo significativo dos atores da pesquisa. A problematização da política de imigração europeia empreendida no Brasil no século XIX foi o ponto de partida para a definição do recorte empírico. Esta tese responde ao objetivo principal de compreender como se constitui a heterogeneidade social dos coletivos de agricultores nos municípios de Domingos Martins, Santa Teresa e Santa Leopoldina (estado do Espírito Santo) e quais os principais efeitos sociais relacionados ao processo de classificação e distinção social. Para responder a essa pergunta, foram construídos quatro objetivos específicos: o primeiro se refere à compreensão da conformação histórica da região. O segundo objetivo está particularmente relacionado às práticas de agricultura e aos significados socialmente compartilhados. Um terceiro objetivo foi compreender os esquemas nativos de classificação, hierarquização, diferenciação e distinção social. O quarto objetivo centra-se na compreensão dos impactos dos processos de diferenciação que circulam no contexto da pesquisa. A abordagem histórica e a perspectiva etnográfica orientaram as opções metodológicas e as técnicas mais utilizadas foram a pesquisa documental, a observação direta e a aplicação de entrevistas em diferentes fases da pesquisa de campo, que compreendeu períodos nos anos de 2015 e 2016. Como resultado, constatamos que, no contexto da pesquisa, há diferentes formas de fazer agricultura e modos de ser agricultor que relacionam importantes esquemas de produção e apreciação das práticas. Ao utilizar-se desses esquemas, os diferentes coletivos constroem (criam) suas práticas e estratégias num contexto no qual circulam processos de classificação social utilizados para explicar a heterogeneidade e promover distinções. Neste sentido, evidenciam-se dois planos constitutivos da heterogeneidade: um plano que explicita as práticas de agricultura e a agência dos agricultores em definir diversificadas estratégias a partir de esquemas sociais que orientam e dão sentido a suas ações, promovendo a constituição e a reprodução da heterogeneidade socialmente significativa. Num segundo plano de análise, a constituição da heterogeneidade revelou hierarquias e oportunidades desiguais entre os coletivos a partir da naturalização das diferenças dentro de princípios de divisão baseados na origem étnico-racial dos agricultores e no estabelecimento de distanciamento estrutural a partir da retórica da modernização da agricultura. / Understood as a historical and relational process, the social heterogeneity of family work forms and agriculture production is addressed in this thesis from a perspective that take precedence by the analysis of the significant universe of the actors involved in this research. The problematization of the European immigration policy undertaken in Brazil in the 19th century was the starting point for the definition of the empirical cut. This thesis responds to the main objective of understanding how the social heterogeneity of farmers' collectives in the municipalities of Domingos Martins, Santa Teresa and Santa Leopoldina (Espírito Santo state) is constituted and which are the main social effects related to the process of classification and social distinction. Four specific objectives were built to answer this question: the first refers to an understanding of the historical conformation of the region. The second objective is more specific to agricultural practices and to socially shared meanings. A third objective was to understand the native schemes of classification, hierarchy, differentiation and social distinction. The fourth objective focuses in understanding the impacts of differentiation processes that circulate in the research context. A historical approach and ethnographic perspective oriented the methodological options. Documentary research, direct observation and application of interviews in different phases of field research between 2015 and 2016 were the most used techniques. As a result, we found that in the context of the research there are different forms of doing agriculture and ways to be a farmer that relate important schemes of production and appreciation of practices. Using these schemes, different collectives create their practices and strategies in a context in which a process flow of social classification is used to explain heterogeneity and promote distinctions. In this sense, it is noted that two plans constitute the heterogeneity: a plan that exhibits the agricultural practices and the ability of farmers to define diversified strategies based on social schemes that guide and give meaning to their actions, promoting the constitution and reproduction of heterogeneity socially significant. On the second plane of analysis, the constitution of heterogeneity revealed unequal hierarchies and opportunities among the collectives from the naturalization of differences within the principles of di-vision based on the ethnic-racial origin of the farmers and the establishment of structural distance from the rhetoric of the agriculture modernization.

Este trabalho trata da estratificação social, e mais especificamente sobre a questão da relação entre posições de classe e modos de vida. O estudo da estratificação social se justifica pela relevância deste tema na sociologia, uma vez que sempre foi objeto de discussão, desde os autores clássicos até os contemporâneos. O aspecto dos modos de vida escolhido para a pesquisa foi o local de moradia. O objeto de estudo escolhido foi a cidade de São Carlos, e buscou-se analisar a relação entre as posições de classe e o local de moradia naquele município por meio de mapas e dados obtidos a partir do Censo 2000 do IBGE. A divisão da população em posições de classe foi feita por meio de um esquema baseado no de Erik Wright, e que foi considerado o mais adequado aos nossos objetivos e aos dados disponíveis. Os dados mostraram diferenças interessantes entre padrões de distribuição espacial de alguns conjuntos de posições de classe, levando-nos a crer que a posição de classe tem, sim, alguma influência nos modos de vida. / This work is about social stratification, and more specifically about the question of the relation between class locations and ways of life. The study of social stratification is self-justified by the relevance of this subject in sociology, as it has always been a discussion object since the classic authors to the contemporary ones. The aspect of the ways of life which we have chosen for this research was the place of living. The chosen object of study was the city of Sao Carlos, and we tried to analyze the relation between class locations and place of living in that city by using maps and data from the Census 2000, of IBGE. The division of the population within class locations was made by the use of a scheme based in Erik Wrights one, which we considered the most appropriate to our goals and with the available data. The maps and data had shown interesting differences between the patterns of spatial distribution of some sets of class locations. This has made us believe that the class location has, indeed, some sort of influence in the ways of life.

Este trabalho trata da estratificação social, e mais especificamente sobre a questão da relação entre posições de classe e modos de vida. O estudo da estratificação social se justifica pela relevância deste tema na sociologia, uma vez que sempre foi objeto de discussão, desde os autores clássicos até os contemporâneos. O aspecto dos modos de vida escolhido para a pesquisa foi o local de moradia. O objeto de estudo escolhido foi a cidade de São Carlos, e buscou-se analisar a relação entre as posições de classe e o local de moradia naquele município por meio de mapas e dados obtidos a partir do Censo 2000 do IBGE. A divisão da população em posições de classe foi feita por meio de um esquema baseado no de Erik Wright, e que foi considerado o mais adequado aos nossos objetivos e aos dados disponíveis. Os dados mostraram diferenças interessantes entre padrões de distribuição espacial de alguns conjuntos de posições de classe, levando-nos a crer que a posição de classe tem, sim, alguma influência nos modos de vida. / This work is about social stratification, and more specifically about the question of the relation between class locations and ways of life. The study of social stratification is self-justified by the relevance of this subject in sociology, as it has always been a discussion object since the classic authors to the contemporary ones. The aspect of the ways of life which we have chosen for this research was the place of living. The chosen object of study was the city of Sao Carlos, and we tried to analyze the relation between class locations and place of living in that city by using maps and data from the Census 2000, of IBGE. The division of the population within class locations was made by the use of a scheme based in Erik Wrights one, which we considered the most appropriate to our goals and with the available data. The maps and data had shown interesting differences between the patterns of spatial distribution of some sets of class locations. This has made us believe that the class location has, indeed, some sort of influence in the ways of life.

本研究旨在藉由國中教師之激勵方式重要性與實現可能性認知兼論其對服務士氣的影響之實證研究，以期瞭解教師與行政間之激勵與保健因素措施最佳認知內涵取向。 　　本研究採取量化研究，以文獻分析法及問卷調查方法為主，受試為桃園縣54所國民中學中，經分層隨機取樣，依比率抽取學校樣本22所，其次再以簡單隨機取樣抽取教師樣本，總共調查問卷對象計1200人。每位受試均以編製之「國民中學教師教學工作調查表」內含「教師理想的工作」、「工作士氣問卷」測試。正式施測，有效樣本1075份，分別以描述性分析、t考驗、單因子變異數、二因子變異數等統計方法進行研究分析。 　　研究結果顯示： 　　一、由國中教師之激勵方式重要性認知分析：國中教師在「學校規模」、「性別」、「年齡」、「職務」、「任教科別」、「年資」上有顯著差異。亦即：學校班級在61班以下、女性、年紀愈輕者、專任、不同領域課程、服務5年以下之教師，都認為工作激勵重要。 　　二、由國中教師「激勵保健」因素重要性認知得知：以「教學環境讓人覺得愉快」、「學校能尊重教師專業權威」、「教學擁有專業自主」、「能讓教師獲致自我成長的機會」、「工作職位能有適切之保障」、「同事間擁有良好的關係」等，為教師激勵方式重要性認知指標。 　　三、由國中教師之激勵方式實現可能性認知發現：國中教師在「職務」、「任教科別」方面對激勵方式實現可能性認知感受有顯著差異。顯示：兼任行政及專任、健康教育與體育、社會科之教師認為理想工作較有可能實現；而私校、偏遠地區之教師則認為理想工作較不可能實現。 　　四、由國中教師「激勵保健」因素實現可能性認知顯示：以「教師具有崇高的責任與使命感」、「教師有機會充分發揮自己的能力」、「工作職位能有適切之保障」、「同事間擁有良好的關係」、「教學擁有專業自主」、「能讓教師獲致自我成長的機會」等，為教師之激勵方式實現可能性認知指標。 　　五、在整體工作士氣的分析得知：桃園縣國中教師在「學校性質」、「年齡」、「職務」、「學歷」、「年資」上有顯著相關。意指：公立國中、年紀愈大、專任、研究所四十學分結業者、年資11-15年及20年以上之教師整體士氣表現較佳。 　　本研究之成果可為行政運作上提出有效激勵方式，以激勵教師潛能，滿足教師個別需求，提昇服務士氣之參考。 / The purpose of this empirical research is to find out the best way to inspire teachers and administrators through finding out the importance of teachers' inspiration ways, realizing the possibility of cognition, and knowing the influence of working atmosphere. 　　This is a quantitative research using data-analysis and questionnaire. The subjects are 1200 teachers randomly picked out from 22 junior high schools in Tao-Yuan County. Each subject has taken the “junior high school teachers' teaching investigation list” which includes “teachers' ideal work” and “teachers' working attitude questionnaire”. After the test taking, there are 1075 valid samples. Descriptive analysis, T-test, one-way ANOVA, and two-way ANOVA are used to analyze the data in this research. 　　The outcome are as followed: 　　1.The cognitive analysis of the importance of junior high school teachers' inspiration ways shows that there are significant differences on variables including “the scale of the school”, “gender”, “age”, “position”, “the course they teach”, “the years being teachers”. This means that teachers in a school scale under 61 classes, young female teachers, teachers teaching in different course fields, and being a teacher under five years all agree the importance of providing inspiration during working. 　　2.Analyzing from the middle school teacher' understanding of the significance of the cause,” motivation-hygiene“：using “Teaching environment will make teacher feel pleased” ,”The school will esteem the teachers' professional authority”, ”Teaching will be acted on its own and be professional”, ”Offering teachers the opportunities of self-development”,”Teaching positions should be guarauteed properly”and “Keeping good relationship among the colleagues”,as the norm of teachers' understanding. 　　3.The cognitive feelings about realizing junior high school teachers' inspiration ways have significant differences on “position” and “the course they teach”. This shows that teachers who teach health, physical, and social science, and teachers who also do administration jobs and full-time teachers think that it's more possible to bring their ideal jobs out to lives. Besides, teachers in private schools, and teachers who teach in remote areas think that bringing out ideal jobs is not an easy thing. 　　4.The analysis through the factor of middle school teachers ” motivation-hygiene“ to achieve the possible understanding：using “Teachers posses the esteemed responsibilities and missions”,”Teachers coudle elaborate their abilities and talents sufficiently ”,” Keeping good relationship among the colleagues”, ”Teaching will be acted on its own and be professional”,and ”Offering teachers the opportunities of self-development”,as the cxiterion of teachers' accomplishing the possible understanding. 　　5.Analyzing from the whole working atmosphere shows that junior high school teachers in Tao-Yuan County have significant differences on variables such as “the school type”, “age”, “position”, “record of formal schooling”, and “years of being a teacher”. This means that teachers in public junior high schools, older teachers, full-time teachers, teachers with master degrees, being teachers more than 20 years and from 11-15 year have better working performance. 　　The outcome of this research can provide effective inspiration ways on administation operating to encourage teachers' latent energy, to satisfy teachers' individual needs, and to promote their working atmosphere.

<p> </p><p>During our education time, we have heard on several occasions how the high changing rate in the society also influences the education area. That changing process mainly originates from the transform that a school underwent, i.e. the decentralization meaning a delegation of responsibility from a national to local government and the particular school. The main idea that started a changing process goes under the slogan “a school for everyone”. The new school was created by the newest teaching plan where the individualization of each individual student is a main point on the agenda. A countless number of analyses of Lpo 94 during our education have given us a reason to reflect over how this individualization should take place. The ambition to find an answer on that question led us to start from a couple of questions at issues that foremost handles children’s different ways to learn as well as the design of the teaching supervision in contrast to today’s teaching plan and the newer research within the chosen subject area. The aim of this work is thus to analyze and understand the contents of four different teaching supervisions within biology as a subject area and to try to appoint whether requirements on varied education from Lpo 94 is obeyed. Our answer on how to achieve requirements on individualization from Lpo 94, during this work, is to apply a varied education with a number of senses and intelligences as a frame of reference. Our conclusion and thus the result of our analysis is that the teaching supervisions deficiently reach the requirements that involve varied education in Lpo 94. The degree deficiency varies between different teaching supervisions.</p><p> </p>

<p>This thesis is intended as a contribution to the discussion about science education, especially with regard to how care for nature can be understood, to what extend care for nature is included or excluded in the science education discourse and the importance of this in regard to an environmental education and a gender perspective. The empirical part of the thesis is carried out as a case study, where the discourse of physics is studied as a case within the discourse of science education. The discourse of physics is investigated by analyses of textbooks for lower secondary school in Sweden. </p><p>In the thesis, I present two ways of understanding care for nature. The first way is related to a systemic aspect of ethics that is based on principles. If the principles in use ascribe intrinsic value to nature, then the ethics can be seen as an expression of a systemic aspect of care for nature. The second way is related to an aspect of ethics based on care in ‘I-Thou encounters’ with nature, and is seen as a non-systemic aspect of care for nature. </p><p>Three forms of analyses are performed: 1) of the discourse and selective traditions in physics, 2) of orientations (attitudes) towards nature, and 3) of ways of knowing (indicating what meetings with nature students are offered in science education). </p><p>The analyses performed showed one discourse in physics education, consisting of two selective traditions. The systemic aspect of care for nature is excluded as the discourse has an anthropocentric foundation. The non-systemic aspect of care for nature is also excluded, as no I-Thou meetings are offered through the ways of knowing and no expression for the I-Thou attitude is found in either of the traditions. Further, ways of knowing and an ethical orientation associated with female gender are excluded. Thus, the discourse in physics does not contribute to obtaining the goals of the national syllabuses concerning gender equality and care for nature from the perspectives investigated.</p>

This thesis is intended as a contribution to the discussion about science education, especially with regard to how care for nature can be understood, to what extend care for nature is included or excluded in the science education discourse and the importance of this in regard to an environmental education and a gender perspective. The empirical part of the thesis is carried out as a case study, where the discourse of physics is studied as a case within the discourse of science education. The discourse of physics is investigated by analyses of textbooks for lower secondary school in Sweden. In the thesis, I present two ways of understanding care for nature. The first way is related to a systemic aspect of ethics that is based on principles. If the principles in use ascribe intrinsic value to nature, then the ethics can be seen as an expression of a systemic aspect of care for nature. The second way is related to an aspect of ethics based on care in ‘I-Thou encounters’ with nature, and is seen as a non-systemic aspect of care for nature. Three forms of analyses are performed: 1) of the discourse and selective traditions in physics, 2) of orientations (attitudes) towards nature, and 3) of ways of knowing (indicating what meetings with nature students are offered in science education). The analyses performed showed one discourse in physics education, consisting of two selective traditions. The systemic aspect of care for nature is excluded as the discourse has an anthropocentric foundation. The non-systemic aspect of care for nature is also excluded, as no I-Thou meetings are offered through the ways of knowing and no expression for the I-Thou attitude is found in either of the traditions. Further, ways of knowing and an ethical orientation associated with female gender are excluded. Thus, the discourse in physics does not contribute to obtaining the goals of the national syllabuses concerning gender equality and care for nature from the perspectives investigated.