Many organisations have moved into an activity based workplace (ABW), and this have led to great changes for the employees’ ways of working. The workplace is supposed to provide with different workstations/environments for the employees, where they can choose the environment that best suits their task at hand, such as concentration areas or open space. This means that the employees do not have assigned seats, and they are free to choose between different workstations. The ABW is supposed to improve factors such as collaboration, satisfaction, flexibility and productivity. In order for the employees to work in ABW, the employees’ ways of working needs to change, and this is usually referred to as New Ways of Working (Newwow). It is not unusual that organisations have had problems with the implementation of Newwow, where the implementation have not been as successful as hoped. This master thesis looks into the problems that occurs when Newwow is implemented, and what factors that are important when organisations changes from traditional ways to Newwow. This thesis has been a qualitative study, interviewing people from three Swedish organisations that have implemented ABW, as well as interviewing consultants that helps customers with the implementation.    The human factor is important in the change, and there is a need to get people on-board in order to create a workplace where the employees can thrive. Many different things needs to be done in an implementation of Newwow and ABW, such as physical workplace, digitalisation, work culture and more. In this master thesis the human perspective have had more focus, as humans are going to work in the workplace and the goal is to improve their work. Many of the difficulties is usually to get humans on-board with the implementation. Making some deviations from the ABW is ok if the reasons are justified, for example someone gets to sit on an assigned seat due to health reasons. A clear and open communication has proven to be important factors for a successful implementation. Further research in Newwow and ABW is important, as many organisations are moving to ABW, which affects many employees. / Många företag har flyttat in till aktivitetsbaserat kontor (ABW), vilket har lett till stora förändringar för de anställdas sätt att arbeta. Arbetsplatsen ska tillhandahålla olika arbetsplatser/miljöer för dem anställda, där de kan välja det som bäst passar uppgifterna de har för stunden, så som koncentrationsområden eller  öppet plan. Detta innebär att de anställda inte har bestämda platser och kan fritt välja mellan olika arbetsplatser. ABW har för avsikt att förbättra faktorer så som samarbete, tillfredställelse, flexibilitet och produktivitet. För att de anställda ska jobba i ABW, så behöver deras sätt att arbeta förändras, och det är oftast kallad för New Ways of Working (Det nya arbetsättet, Newwow). Det är inte ovanligt att företag har haft problem med implementeringen av Newwow, där implementeringen inte varit så lyckat som man hoppats på.  Detta examensarbete tittar på problemen som uppstår när implementering av Newwow görs, och vilka faktorer som är viktiga för att minska motståndet när företag går över från traditionellt sätt att arbeta till Newwow. Det här arbetet har varit en kvalitativ studie, där intervjuer har gjorts med personer från tre svenska företag som har implementerat ABW, så väl som konsulter som hjälper sina kunder med implementeringen.  Människofaktorn är viktig i förändringen, och det finns behov av att få med sig folk för att kunna skapa en arbetsplats där de anställda kan lyckas i. Många olika saker behöver göras i en implementering av Newwow och ABW, så som fysiska arbetsplatsen, digitalisering, arbetskultur med mera. I detta examensarbete har människoperspektivet haft mer fokus, då människorna ska jobba i arbetsplatsen och målet är att förbättra deras arbete. Många svårigheter är oftast att få människor ombord på implementeringen. Vissa avvikelser från ABW är ok om det finns välbefogade anledningar, exempelvis att man får sitta på bestämd plats av hälsoskäl. En tydlig och öppen kommunikation har visat sig vara viktiga faktorer för en lyckad implementering. Fortsatta studier i Newwow och ABW är viktigt, då många företag flyttar in till ABW och det påverkar många anställda.

В магистерской диссертации рассматриваются способы продвижения книг на книжном рынке, раскрываются понятия блога и блогосферы, описываются преимущества продвижения через блоги, определяется место книжного блога в блогосфере, анализируются способы представления книг в книжных блогах на разных площадках. / The master's thesis discusses ways to promote books in the book market, reveals the concepts of a blog and the blogosphere, describes the benefits of promotion through blogs, determines the place of a book blog in the blogosphere, analyzes the ways of presenting books in book blogs at different sites.

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This dissertation explores the life and works of eighteenth-century labouring-class poet Mary Leapor. Leapor’s ability to use everyday objects to write poetry that speaks to important social and cultural transformations of the period is one of the most remarkable and interesting aspects of her poetry, and it sets her apart from other labouring-class writers. Therefore, while this dissertation situates Leapor as a female laborer who writes poetry about the labour she performs, it is more interested in how she uses her poetry about the labour she performs—and particularly how she offers her own version of “thing theory”—in order to speak to a number of problems of which labour is just one. By spotlighting the complex role of objects in Leapor’s poetry, this dissertation shows how she uses those objects to articulate new conceptions of the labouring body’s relationship to authorship and authority, claim authorship as a form of useful labour, and legitimize her own gendered and class-inflected authority as a subject in literary and intellectual discourse. While acknowledging the context of material history, I focus on the ways Leapor uses particular things to rethink the possibilities of labouring-class life, identity, literary expression, and what it might have meant for her to imagine a new kind of human subjectivity that is itself inseparable from the concept of labour. Moreover, Leapor’s work shows that she identifies labouring individuals as part of a community whose experience is heavily organized socially around labour but argues that their lived experience has provided them with a particular identity and perspective. Ultimately, this dissertation works to decenter our own moment in the history of ideas by showing how Leapor was theorizing about forms of situated knowledge over two hundred years before it entered academic discourse in the 20th century through feminist theories of embodied ways of knowing. Leapor’s poetry is not just an object that should be studied through a theoretical lens; it should be understood as a theory of situated knowledge transmitting ideas from its own materially embedded position. Leapor’s poetry lives on as a labouring thing—changing, growing, and theorizing as living humans do—inviting its readers to contemplate the complex components of being an embodied thinker. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This dissertation focuses on the life and works of Mary Leapor (1722-1746) and builds upon recent interest in the cultural work of particular literary forms by examining the emergence of the labouring-class writer and the rise of a new poetic mode, the labour poem. Existing scholarship has begun to explore the many ways these texts represent class-based and gendered oppression, hardship, and work, and how these writers were able to combine several literary traditions to speak out against adverse conditions. By emphasising the material history of inanimate objects and nonhuman animals found within labouring-class writing, my project seeks to demonstrate how Leapor and other labouring-class writers used their poetry about the labours they performed in order to speak to something more than labour, such as what it means to be a subject in a world that is circumscribed by things like status, class and gender.

This thesis critically examines a national programme in mental health which has been driven by the implementation of National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidance. Assumptions which underpin research method, drawn from the natural sciences, are critiqued in terms of their adequacy in accounting for human relating and expert therapeutic practice. The work of Dreyfus and Dreyfus (1986) is problematized in how they account for proficiency and expertise as intuition and the leap that they make from calculative to deliberative rationality. An alternative source of understanding, based on non-linear causality and complex responsive processes, is developed, building on the work of Stacey (2001, 2005, 2007). The ineffability of expert practice (or clinical judgement) is contrasted with competence based, rule governed practice, which necessarily underpins the early stages of learning. It is argued that because research practices undertaken in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) must be describable, measurable and focussed on predictable outcomes, then these cannot account for expert practice, therefore the assertion that the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies programme (IAPT) is wholly based on research based, evidence based therapies, cannot be substantiated. The work explores professionalism and specifically considers the role of psychiatrists, psychologists and psychological therapists in mental health and in increasing access to psychological therapies. The role of managers and managerialism are explored, specifically how the NHS has sought to manage 3 professional staff and multi-disciplinary teams in adopting corporate and new ways of working (NWW). This includes the importance of and difficulty in countering professional identity using competence based approaches. The performance management processes in the NHS are recognised as an equally relevant source of evidence (to that of NICE), despite there being a poor (traditional) evidence base for it (Stacey, 2010; Seddon, 2008). Power relating in human relationships is identified as immanent, using the context of a management group, and it is argued that Foucault’s concept of disciplinary power (1994) can account for what is considered to be knowledge and truth, drawing on specialist expertise based on science and research, with a forceful potential for rendering others silent as well as pervasively self-silencing, in processes of inclusion and exclusion (Elias, 1978). It is argued that these on-going processes of relating influence policy decisions at national and local levels and how these policies are implemented in practice. The inevitability of unpredictable outcomes is highlighted, despite strong centralised programme management along with the provision of an explicit blueprint for implementation.

Šiuolaikinės visuomenės raidos procese siekiant ugdyti demokratinę, dorovingą asmenybę ir garantuoti kartų tęstinumą, aktuali empatijos ugdymo patirtis, kaip šiuolaikinėje visuomenėje ji yra suprantama, kokia yra vaikų empatijos ugdymo praktika istorinėje ir šiuolaikinėje šeimoje, kaip šiuolaikinės visuomenės kontekste dabartiniai šeimos narių kartų tarpusavio santykiai ir sąveikavimo ypatumai įtakoja atjautos ugdymą. Tyrimu siekta atskleisti vaikų empatijos ugdymo tradicijų kaitą kintant visuomenės vertybinėms nuostatoms. Išsiaiškinti, kaip vaikai, tėvai, seneliai ir mokyklų ekspertai supranta empatiją, nustatyti empatijos ugdymo praktika istorinėje ir šiuolaikinėje šeimoje. Atskleisti įvairių kartų ir šeimos narių sąveikavimo ypatumus ir jų sąsajas su empatijos ugdymu. Išanalizuoti mokyklos ekspertų požiūrį į empatijos ugdymą šeimoje ir mokykloje. Atlikus tyrimo rezultatų analizę paaiškėjo, jog atjauta suvokiama ne teoriškai, o kaip būtina veikla, kurią reikia atlikti bendruomenės nariui tam tikroje gyvenimo situacijoje, iškilus būtinybei: suteikiama savanoriška pagalba, jautrus reagavimas į kitų išgyvenimus – šeimų nariai ir ekspertai empatiją sieja su altruizmu ir pagalba. Empatiškas požiūris į įvairius aplinkos objektus ir tinkamus atjautos ugdymo būdus siejasi su žmogaus amžiaus tarpsniais, kartų ir šeimų narių tarpusavio bendravimo ypatumais. Pastebėta tendencija, jog istorinėse šeimose ir bendruomenėse puoselėtos tradicijos populiarinamos visuomenės informavimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This paper aimed to disclose traditions’ change of children's empathy-raising, while public values and attitudes are changing. Investigated representatives of three generations of 60 families living in Vilnius city and district and 10 experts working in city and district schools interviewed. There are analyzed understanding of empathy in our days society, practice of empathy rising in the historical and modern families, influence empathy rising of relationship and interaction features of different generations’ families members. The analysis results revealed that empathy approach to a variety of environment objects and ways and good teaching techniques of empathy-raising associated with human age groups, generations and interaction features of family members. Children and both groups of adults’ empathy commonly associate with condolence. Different age groups express empathy to different objects and prefer different empathy rising teaching techniques. Generally analogous empathy rising teaching techniques used in historical and modern families, but the context is adapted to modern society. Relationship and interaction of three generations family members are not discontinuous and allow transferring of existing traditions.

This thesis will explore how the Supreme Court of Canada understands and frames the religious ways of the Gitksan and Wet’suwet’en First Nations peoples, in the case Delgamuukw v. British Columbia (1997). The case started as a land claims case but at the Supreme Court level it became about whether Aboriginal oral knowledge could be used as historical evidence in a Canadian court of law, in particular for this dispute, as an aid for First Nations peoples to establish title to their traditional territories. The Court decided that Aboriginal oral knowledge could be used as evidence. This thesis does five things: 1. It examines some of the tools that can be used to examine and evaluate how the religious ways of Aboriginal peoples are discussed in law in Canada. Here it focuses on using a broad understanding of religion as “lived” to understand religion. It also establishes a social-scientific method of discourse analysis, drawn from a number of sources, to evaluate legal documents. 2. This thesis explores the socio-legal context in Canada in which Aboriginal peoples and their claims need to be understood. Here the presence of European and Christian views that are still present in society and social institutions in Canada and the way they affect how Aboriginal religious ways are understood is determined. The characteristics of law that make it difficult for Aboriginal claims to be understood and handled adequately in court in Canada are also investigated. 3. The third aspect that this thesis focuses on the markers of the religious ways of Aboriginal peoples in the Delgamuukw case and how are they understood in the Canadian socio-legal context. Here there is discussion of oral knowledge, land, crests, feasting and totem poles and what each might mean for the Gitksan and Wet’suwet’en peoples and how the legal system might have trouble handling them. 4. Analysis of the Delgamuukw case is the fourth part of this thesis. How the law understands and frames the religious ways of the Gitksan and Wet’suwet’en peoples in the Delgamuukw case are investigated. It is determined that the Court downplayed the religious ways of Aboriginal peoples (by “writing out”, by using vague language to refer to it or by not mentioning it at all); it did not do justice to Aboriginal beliefs by labeling oral knowledge as “sacred”; the Delgamuukw decision fell short of really treating oral knowledge as equal to other forms of historical evidence by excluding oral knowledge with religious content; legal adjudicators made pronouncements on the religious uses of land for the Gitksan and Wet’suwet’en and finally; land was quantified, regulated and title was diminished by the ability for the court to infringe on it. What these actions by the Court suggested about how it understands religion and the religious ways of Aboriginal peoples where also contemplated. It was noted that the law characterized issues and used language in particular ways to avoid discussing religion, to discount it as evidence, and used a Christian understanding of religion to comprehend Aboriginal religious ways, which did not do justice to their beliefs. 5. The last part of this thesis questions whether there other ways in which the law, and the majority of non-Aboriginal peoples in Canada, could come to better understand and handle the religious ways of Aboriginal peoples than they did in the Delgamuukw case. It determines that there are a number of indications that suggest that this is possible including, the unique historical situation of Canada, the teaching and communication skills present in many Aboriginal communities, the space opened surrounding the inclusion of oral knowledge as evidence in law, increasing dialogue with Aboriginal communities, and the current revaluation of history. Nevertheless, there is also an ambivalence on behalf of the law regarding whether or not it will go in the direction that could view Aboriginal religious ways in alternative ways which could result in a better understanding these ways on their own terms. The thesis concludes that according to analysis of the Delgamuukw case, law has difficulty understanding and handling the religious ways of Aboriginal peoples in Canada.

A nonexperimental descriptive study was conducted to determine the interrelatedness among coping strategies, humor and burnout among nursing education faculty. The conceptual framework of this study was based on the constructs of coping strategies and humor which were conceptualized as having a direct relationship to burnout. Areview of the literature concerning coping, humor and burnout supported this proposition and emphasized the need for empirical testing. Coping Humor Scale. Wavs of Coping Questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory were the instruments used to measure the constructs. Academic history and demographic data sheets were also used. Hie instruments were mailed to 285 nursing faculty teaching in programs of nursing in the Dallas /Fort Worth, Texas area. The return rate for the mailing was 70.07%. Burnout among nursing education faculty showed a low degree of emotional exhaustion (54.8%), a low degree of depersonalization (84.7% and a low degree of personal accomplishment (60.7%). The findings did not reveal a high or low degree of burnout but rather a pattern of burnout suggestive of a different stage. Humor as a coping mechanism during stressful events was not frequently used. The highest proportion of nursing education faculty used distancing (46.53%) as a coping strategy. The second strategy used was planful problem solving (11.3%) with escape-avoidance used the least (3.34%). Multiple regression was used to test the research questions related to the predictor variables of coping, academic history and demographic data as they relate to each criterion variable of burnout. The use coping strategies (including humor) to predict various stages of burnout revealed only weak variable predictors. Academic history and demographic were also weak predictors for burnout.

De nos jours, les cultures mixtes sont considérées comme une sérieuse alternative aux cultures pures pour les procédés de biotechnologie. En effet, les cultures mixtes peuvent fonctionner en réacteur continu, dans des conditions non-stériles et traiter une grande variété de substrats organiques. La principale restriction de l'utilisation de ces bioprocédés en cultures mixtes réside dans leur instabilité liée à la présence de voies métaboliques non désirées résultant d'interactions microbiennes complexes. Notamment, le rôle des bactéries de faible abondance reste à être élucidé. Ce travail a donc consisté, dans un premier temps à déterminer le rôle des bactéries minoritaires dans la production d'hydrogène par voie fermentaire en utilisant un chémostat alimenté en continu avec un milieu à base de glucose. Sept inocula ont été cultivés dans les mêmes conditions opératoires. De façon remarquable, Clostridium pasteurianum a été retrouvé comme espèce dominante de l'écosystème six fois sur sept. Seules la nature et la diversité des espèces minoritaires variaient d'un écosystème à l'autre. Ainsi, il a été montré que la structure des communautés microbiennes a une influence significative sur la production de bio-hydrogène. Au sein de ces communautés, les bactéries en proportion minoritaires jouent un rôle clé en orientant le métabolisme globale de l'écosystème. La deuxième étape de ce travail a consisté à utiliser certaines de ces espèces minoritaires comme Ingénieurs Ecologiques des Ecosystèmes microbiens (IEEM). Pour cela, la structure d'une communauté microbienne productrice d'hydrogène a été modifiée artificiellement en introduisant des souches bactériennes exogènes aux fonctions redondantes et/ou complémentaires des souches indigènes. Les résultats en réacteur batch ont montré que les performances de production d'hydrogène pouvaient être améliorées jusqu'à un facteur 3,5 par l'ajout de certaines souches. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats obtenus ne peuvent être expliqués par de simples interactions trophiques et suggèrent la présence de mécanismes d'interactions de coopération entre microorganismes. De plus, sous des conditions opératoires plus favorables (inoculum, milieu), l'insertion de certaines espèces minoritaires a permis plutôt de stabiliser le métabolisme de l'écosystème microbien sans pour autant en affecter favorablement la production d'hydrogène. Dans tous les cas, les interactions compétitives n'ont pas été favorables à la production d'hydrogène. Enfin, des essais en réacteur continu ont montré que le mode d'implantation des souches peut être un facteur primordial pour l'utilisation d'IEEM. En conclusion, ce travail a montré la potentialité d'utiliser des bactéries exogènes, en proportions minoritaires, comme facteurs biotiques pour stabiliser et/ou orienter les métabolismes microbiens vers des fonctions d'intérêt au sein des cultures mixtes microbiennes. / Nowadays mixed cultures are considered as a serious alternative to pure cultures in biotechnological processes. Mixed cultures can be operated continuously, under unsterile conditions and from various organic substrates. One of the most constraints remains the chronic instability of the mixed culture processes due to the presence of unwanted metabolic pathways resulting from complex microbial interactions. More particularly the role of bacteria in low abundance remains to be elucidated. Therefore this work consisted initially to determine the contribution of sub-dominant bacteria to fermentative hydrogen production using a chemostat continuously fed with a glucose-based medium. Seven inocula were grown under the same operating conditions. Interestingly, Clostridium pasteurianum was found as dominant in six assays on seven at steady state. Only the minority bacterial population differed with regards to their identity and diversity. Acting as true keystone species, these minority bacteria impacted substantially the metabolic network of the overall ecosystem despite their low abundance. In a second step, this work consisted in using some of these minority species as Ecological Engineers of Microbial Ecosystem (EEME). In order to study this aspect, the structure of a hydrogen-producing microbial community has been artificially modified by adding exogenous bacterial strains with redundant functions and/or complementary native strains. Results in batch reactors have shown that the hydrogen production performances could be improved to a 3.5 factor by the addition of certain strains. Results obtained can not be explained by simple trophic interactions and suggest the presence of interaction mechanism of cooperation among microorganisms. Moreover, under more favourable operating conditions (inoculum, culture medium), the addition of certain species in low abundance could stabilize the metabolism of microbial ecosystem without necessarily favourably affect the hydrogen production. In all cases, competitive interactions were not favourable for hydrogen production. Trials were then realised in continuous reactors. These trials have shown that the method used to implant strains in reactors could be a key factor for using the EEME.As a conclusion, this study has shown the potential to use exogenous bacteria, in minority proportions, as biotic factors to stabilised and/or guides microbial metabolisms to functions of interest within microbial mixed cultures.

The diploma thesis deals with issues of teaching volleyball in high schools. It shows one of many possible methods how to include volleyball into the curriculum and into lessons of PE to the graduate teachers. This work strive for more systematic and concrete work of PE teachers in teaching volleyball, which should high school graduates encourage to an increase the requierements on the volleyball skills. In the theoretical part the reader is informed about volleyball as one of the sports games, with all gaming activities of the individual that brings volleyball and that students should be controlled using basic techniques at least. Main for the implementation of the volleyball match are basic options of hits, which are also described here. Some chapters also refer to the expected motion level of basic school and high school graduates. There is also mention of motion abilities. The end of theoretical part is about physical education classified to the educational programs. There is no specific request to involve volleyball in these educational programs. The empirical part is about the proposal of high schools education of volleyball. Volleyball teaching is divided into two grades, 10 lessons each. Activities were chosen based on the literature and my own experience. Keywords: Educational programs,...