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Showing 31 to 40 of 40 (0.048 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"westphalian"" "subject:"westphalen""
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On the role of metatheory in the academic discipline of international relationsFreire, Lucas Grassi January 2012 (has links)
This thesis investigates in three parts the role played by metatheory in the discipline of International Relations (IR). Part one defines metatheory as 'systematic discourse about theory' and classifies it in a typology combining elements internal or external to the discipline with intellectual or contextual aspects of theorising. Each combination has particular functions. They also add to the roles played by several modes of metatheoretical inquiry (hermeneutical, evaluative, corrective, critical and historical). The typology offered in part one clarifies the general roles of metatheory as a constraining and enabling discursive mechanism. This is also discussed in part two, addressing how IR scholars portray metatheory's role in the discipline. Arguments against and in favour of metatheory are scrutinised, leading to a qualified defence of metatheoretical research in IR. Some of the negative impact of metatheorising in IR is acknowledged, but ultimately a stronger case attempting to eliminate it from the field cannot be sustained for analytical reasons. The merits of metatheory, therefore, will depend on how it operates in particular instances. A selection of illustration cases in part three further develops the argument. The first case stresses how metatheoretical directives shaped 17th century views of the Holy Roman Empire. It indicates that metatheory can frame theoretical claims even in a weak disciplinary context. A stronger disciplinary environment frames the second case, analysing a number of IR theories on the impact of the Peace of Westphalia in the European states-system. This discussion often alludes to the notion of hierarchy. The third case examines the interaction between metatheoretical directives and theories of hierarchy. These arguments are not necessarily compatible with the metatheoretical principles argued by their authors. As a mechanism, therefore, metatheory does not relate to theory in a deterministic way. Part three itself is, of course, a metatheoretical study that further illustrates the thesis.
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Ein Flughafenkonzept für NRW / An airport concept for North-Rhine-Westphalia : Fundaments of a rational airport policyThießen, Friedrich 21 September 2016 (has links) (PDF)
Ziel der vorliegenden Analyse ist es, ein Flughafenkonzept für Nordrhein-Westfalen zu erarbeiten. Dazu werden die wichtigsten Rahmenbedingungen des internationalen Luftverkehrs und der Luftverkehrspolitik in NRW behandelt. Es wird ein Überblick über die Flughafensituation in NRW gegeben. Weiter werden volkswirtschaftliche Effekte des Luftverkehrs beleuchtet (Arbeitsplätze, Wirtschaftswachstum). Dann werden negative externe Effekte des Luftverkehrs, insbesondere Fluglärm betrachtet. Abschließend werden Veränderungsvorschläge für die Flughafenpolitik in NRW entwickelt. / The aim of the present analysis is to elaborate an airport concept for North-Rhine-Westphalia. To achieve this, the framework of international aviation and aviation policy in NRW are treated. Additionally, the analysis will give an overview of the airport situation in NRW. Furthermore, economic effects of aviation are illuminated (jobs, economic growth). Then, negative external effects of aviation are considered, aircraft noise in particular. Finally, suggestions for a consistent airport policy in NRW are developed.
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Why do Host Populations Turn against Refugees? : The Role of Knowledge Deficit and Relative Deprivation in Anti-Refugee MobilisationGleiser, Anna January 2019 (has links)
The numbers of people on the move, fleeing from conflict, persecution and violence is increasing and so is the level of violence against those most vulnerable persons. The question why host populations turn against refugees in liberal European democracies as isolated phenomenon has, to my knowledge, not experienced great academic attention. This study investigates what societal conditions need to be fulfilled in order for violence to occur. Deriving from previous research on anti-refugee violence in developing countries and right-wing violence, I suggest the following argument: A high level of knowledge deficit regarding refugees and a high level of relative deprivation causes a high level of insecurity among society, which makes persons more susceptible to anti-refugee mobilisation, making it effective and thus leading to violence. In order to test this hypothesis, I conduct a structured focused comparison, investigating Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia, two federal states within Germany. The first showing a high level of anti-refugee violence compared to the latter showing a low level of violence. The evidence found in the study shows some support for the proposed theory. A higher level of insecurity is prevailing in Saxony compared to North Rhine-Westphalia, yet the results are not as distinct as expected. Thus, more research is necessary in order to shed more light onto the phenomenon and develop countermeasures.
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Ideologická intervence v raném novověku. Příklad Republiky Spojeného Nizozemí a stavů Kleve-Mark ve 40. a 50. letech 17. století / Ideological Intervention in the Early Modern Period. The Case of the Dutch Republic and the Estates of Cleves-Mark in the 1640s and 1650sKozmanová, Irena January 2015 (has links)
(EN) Ideological Intervention in the Early Modern Period. The Case of the Dutch Republic and the Estates of Cleves-Mark in the 1640s and 1650s 1648 is traditionally considered a major break in international relations. This thesis deals with the Dutch interventions in Cleves-Mark in the period before and after the Treaties of Westphalia and sets out to test some of these traditional assumptions. Rejecting the concept of the "Westphalian" sovereignty, it advocates a relational view based on mutual recognition. Accordingly, it focuses on the negotiations of the three subjects under scrutiny - the Dutch Republic as the intervening power, the Estates of Cleves-Mark as instigators and beneficiaries of the intervention, and the Elector of Brandenburg as the legitimate ruler - about their sovereignty, as they took shape in the arena of the "courtly public", especially in diplomacy. In the first part I argue that the Dutch Republic reacted very conservatively to the pressure to legitimize its role as a new member of the highly monarchical "courtly public". I also examined the impact of the domestic political system and diplomatic ceremonial on the external performance of the Dutch Republic, thereby uncovering the particular role of the Province of Gelderland. In three case studies of direct diplomatic...
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Paradiplomacie českých krajů vůči německým spolkovým zemím / Paradiplomacy of Czech Regions towards the German federal statesSeiboth, Jakub January 2020 (has links)
This diploma thesis deals with paradiplomacy between Czech regions and German federal states. The term paradiplomacy refers to the diplomacy of the lower territorial administrative units. Specifically, this work deals with macro-regional paradiplomacy, ie cooperation of regions that do not share a common border. The research thus focuses on the Central Bohemian Region, which has partnerships with the federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate and the Moravian-Silesian Region, which cooperates with the federal state of North Rhine- Westphalia (research does not include Prague's cooperation with Berlin and Hamburg, as these are urban-type regions). This diploma thesis examines in what motives the paradiplomatic cooperation differs, what are the motivations for its establishment and what is the difference in the fulfillment of mutually set goals. The motives of paradiplomacy can be economic, cultural or political. The first part of the thesis presents the theory and definitions of terms that the thesis then works with. Following on is a methodology and research questions. Subsequently, the respective Czech and German lower territorial administrative units are introduced. In the second part of the thesis, the research itself is carried out and its evaluation set forth. The materials for the research were...
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'Le parfait Ambassadeur' : the theory and practice of diplomacy in the century following the Peace of WestphaliaKugeler, Heidrun January 2009 (has links)
This thesis examines the theory of diplomacy in the formative phase of the European states-system. From the viewpoint of the discourse on the 'ideal ambassador', it explores early modern diplomacy as cultural history encompassing ideas, discourses, perceptions and 'codes'. The scope of study is the century following the Peace of Westphalia (1648), and three states and regions (France, Britain, the Holy Roman Empire) serve as case studies for a comparative approach of diplomatic theory and practice. In five parts, the adaptation of the theory and practice of diplomacy to the new demands of international relations after 1648 are considered. The first section sets the stage by illustrating that the mid-seventeenth century was regarded as a turning point in the practice of diplomacy. Part II examines diplomatic theory as a particular 'language' in its intellectual and socio-professional contexts. While published treatises on the 'ideal ambassador' build the core of this study, related genres of international law theory, ceremonial theory and political and state science are also taken into account. From the viewpoint of this diplomatic theory, the following section examines the ways in which the instruments and practices of diplomacy were aligned to the new framework. These ranged from changes in the structural framework of diplomacy to the evolution of norms and procedures of negotiation, international law and ceremonial. Part IV reconsiders the issue of 'professionalism' in diplomatic theory with regard to the preparation and training of diplomats. Special attention is given to proposals for diplomatic 'academies', which are for the first time examined in comparison. Finally, section V recasts the findings of this thesis in a comparative perspective. It underlines that, with the emergence of a states-system, the techniques of diplomacy became formalised and uniform, constituting a common European diplomatic practice. Against the background of the different regional and structural conditions, the alleged model role of France in the evolution of diplomatic theory and practice is re-evaluated.
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Ein Flughafenkonzept für NRW: Grundzüge einer rationalen FlughafenpolitikThießen, Friedrich 21 September 2016 (has links)
Ziel der vorliegenden Analyse ist es, ein Flughafenkonzept für Nordrhein-Westfalen zu erarbeiten. Dazu werden die wichtigsten Rahmenbedingungen des internationalen Luftverkehrs und der Luftverkehrspolitik in NRW behandelt. Es wird ein Überblick über die Flughafensituation in NRW gegeben. Weiter werden volkswirtschaftliche Effekte des Luftverkehrs beleuchtet (Arbeitsplätze, Wirtschaftswachstum). Dann werden negative externe Effekte des Luftverkehrs, insbesondere Fluglärm betrachtet. Abschließend werden Veränderungsvorschläge für die Flughafenpolitik in NRW entwickelt. / The aim of the present analysis is to elaborate an airport concept for North-Rhine-Westphalia. To achieve this, the framework of international aviation and aviation policy in NRW are treated. Additionally, the analysis will give an overview of the airport situation in NRW. Furthermore, economic effects of aviation are illuminated (jobs, economic growth). Then, negative external effects of aviation are considered, aircraft noise in particular. Finally, suggestions for a consistent airport policy in NRW are developed.
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Recognition Denied: An Examination of UK and US Foreign Policy towards the Republic of CroatiaLjubic, Maria Christina 02 May 2013 (has links)
This thesis examines the development of decision making taken by two countries, the United Kingdom and the United States, in response to Croatia’s declaration of independence from Yugoslavia. The focus is on the recognition process and the reasoning and rationale used by the government officials and diplomats of the United Kingdom and United States to arrive at their policy decisions and opinions. The concentration is mainly on events from the early 1990s until mid 1992. Topics explored include matters such the politics behind non-recognition, democratic social norms, respect for human rights and Western national interests.
The thesis first hypothesizes, then analyses, which International Relations theory, that is, realism or constructivism, possesses the best capacity explain why these nations initially withheld their recognition of Croatia’s independence before moving to accept the Republic of Croatia as an independent state. The role of the International Relations theories is to offer an interpretation and understanding of these events and decisions. Subsequently, they are judged on their ability to do so. The thesis finds that via the insight of scholars, analysts and theoretical perspectives that both the John Major government of the UK and the George H.W. Bush Administration of the United States behaved mostly according to realist principles, with some instances of constructivist manner. / Graduate / 0615 / 1616 / 0335 / cljubic9@gmail.com
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Terrorism, war and international law: the legality of the use of force against Afghanistan in 2001Williamson, Myra Elsie Jane Bell January 2007 (has links)
The thesis examines the international law pertaining to the use of force by states, in general, and to the use of force in self-defence, in particular. The main question addressed is whether the use of force, which was purported to be in self-defence, by the United States, the United Kingdom and their allies against al Qaeda, the Taliban and Afghanistan, beginning on 7 October 2001, was lawful. The thesis focuses not only on this specific use of force, but also on the changing nature of conflict, the definition of terrorism and on the historical evolution of limitations on the use of force, from antiquity until 2006. In the six chapters which trace the epochs of international law, the progression of five inter-related concepts is followed: limitations on the resort to force generally, the use of force in self-defence, pre-emptive self-defence, the use of forcible measures short of war, and the use of force in response to non-state actors. This historical analysis includes a particular emphasis on understanding the meaning of the 'inherent right of self-defence', which was preserved by Article 51 of the United Nations' Charter. This analysis is then applied to the use of force against Afghanistan which occurred in 2001. Following the terrorist attacks of 11 September, the US and the UK notified the United Nations Security Council of their resort to force in self-defence under Article 51. Each element of Article 51 is analysed and the thesis concludes that there are significant doubts as to the lawfulness of that decision to employ force. In addition to the self-defence justification, other possible grounds for intervention are also examined, such as humanitarian intervention, Security Council authorisation and intervention by invitation. This thesis challenges the common assumption that the use of force against Afghanistan was an example of states exercising their inherent right to self-defence. It argues that if this particular use of force is not challenged, it will lead to an expansion of the right of self-defence which will hinder rather than enhance international peace and security. Finally, this thesis draws on recent examples to illustrate the point that the use of force against Afghanistan could become a dangerous precedent for the use of force in self-defence.
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Sovereignty, Peacekeeping, and the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF), Suez 1956-1967: Insiders’ PerspectivesHilmy, Hanny 13 February 2015 (has links)
This research is concerned with the complex and contested relationship between the sovereign prerogatives of states and the international imperative of defusing world conflicts. Due to its historical setting following World War Two, the national vs. international staking of claims was framed within the escalating imperial-nationalist confrontation and the impending “end of empire”, both of which were significantly influenced by the role Israel played in this saga. The research looks at the issue of “decolonization” and the anti-colonial struggle waged under the leadership of Egypt’s President Nasser. The Suez War is analyzed as the historical event that signaled the beginning of the final chapter in the domination of the European empires in the Middle East (sub-Saharan decolonization followed beginning in the early 1960s), and the emergence of the United States as the new major Western power in the Middle East.
The Suez experience highlighted a stubborn contest between the defenders of the concept of “sovereign consent” and the advocates of “International intervention”. Both the deployment of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) and its termination were surrounded by controversy and legal-political wrangling. The role of UNEF and UN peacekeeping operations in general framed the development of a new concept for an emerging international human rights law and crisis management. The UNEF experience, moreover, brought into sharp relief the need for a conflict resolution component for any peace operation. International conflict management, and human rights protection are both subject to an increasing interventionist international legal regime. Consequently, the traditional concept of “sovereignty” is facing increasing challenge.
By its very nature, the subject matter of this multi-dimensional research involves historical, political and international legal aspects shaping the research’s content and conclusions. The research utilizes the experience and contributions of several key participants in this pioneering peacekeeping experience. In the last chapter, recommendations are made –based on all the elements covered in the research- to suggest contributions to the evolving UN ground rules for international crisis intervention and management. / Graduate / hilmyh@uvic.ca
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