No / Person-centred care (PCC) is recommended when working with patients with neurological difficulties. Despite this, to date there has been no appropriate methodology for assessing or developing PCC in neurorehabilitation settings. Dementia Care Mapping (DCM) is a well-established tool for assessing and developing PCC in dementia settings and the current study investigated the feasibility of applying DCM on an acute neurorehabilitation ward. DCM procedure and coding required minor adaptations for use in this setting and further recommended adaptations were subsequently identified. It was found that the DCM coding system was generally suitable and could identify strengths, weaknesses and areas for development in ward care. Q-methodology identified that staff views endorsed the feasibility of using DCM in neurorehabilitation, with staff reporting that they found DCM useful and relevant to their work. DCM could be further developed for this setting by amendments to the behaviour coding system, concept and coding of person-centred care, and a population-specific manual. DCM is a promising methodology to develop and promote PCC in neurorehabilitation.

As the Honduran presidential election of 2017 approaches, the world of 17-year-old Libertad Morazán gets louder and faster. Protests roar in every corner of Tegucigalpa. Mamí and Abuela work longer hours. Maynor, Libertad's older brother, sneaks out more than ever, carrying the dangerous secrets of a student-led movement against the government. The world only seems to slow down around Camila, Libertad's long-time friend who lately seems to hold Libi's hand and eyes two seconds too long. Libi and Cami's friendship always toed the line of something more— or did, at least, before Libertad's phone stopped working and their communication got cut to school-hours only. Libi can't help but think this is part of why Camila starts officially dating Pablo, the soccer team captain. If this isn't enough reason to desperately need her phone back, Libertad has just discovered the power of social media to speak against the conditions that keep her family— her country— in a permanent state of exhaustion and mourning. Using an anonymous Instagram account, Libertad posts short but charged poems denouncing the injustice local news outlets ignore. She finds an audience that resonates with her, but people who speak out in Honduras are rarely able to do so for long. Libertad knows this. Getting her phone back comes with a price, as both her political poetry and secret romance risk being exposed to Mamí and Abuela—the women who have sacrificed everything to raised her. The pillars of her life. In the midst of civil unrest, Libertad learns of the power and heartbreak in queerness, family, and activism. / Master of Fine Arts / Libertad is a young-adult novel.

The growing older adult population has led to increased ageist tendencies among younger generations. Previous research suggests that ageism is associated with cognitive and physical decline among older adults. This mixed-methods research project examined changes in ageist perceptions among graduate student facilitators and undergraduate nutrition ambassadors after participating in a training that included information about healthy aging, addressing ageism, and communicating with older adults. Results from a secondary data analysis of pre-test/post-test data and thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with facilitators of Socially Nutritious, a virtual nutrition education program for older adults, indicate that ageist perceptions decreased after the training, which was supported by positive experiences with intergenerational communication articulated by graduate student facilitators in the interviews. Training to address ageism and develop a positive perception of aging and intergenerational experiences sharing knowledge about foods and nutrition may decrease ageist beliefs among young adults.

Au Canada, 13 % de la population consomme des drogues illicites et il est estimé qu’un jeune sur trois consomme régulièrement du cannabis. Cela génère un fardeau social, coûtant 46 milliards de dollars et entraînant l’hospitalisation de 275 000 personnes. La compréhension des facteurs de risque et des processus menant au développement d’une consommation problématique du cannabis et des autres substances chez les jeunes s’avère ainsi critique. Bien que plusieurs facteurs individuels et environnementaux soient impliqués dans le développement d’une consommation problématique du cannabis et des autres substances, l’adversité à l’enfance et le tempérament impulsif sont identifiés comme deux facteurs de risque importants pour le développement d’une consommation problématique. Cependant, aucune étude n’existe dans la prédiction spécifique des problèmes de consommation du cannabis. L’objectif principal de cette étude a été d’examiner le rôle de l’adversité et de l’impulsivité à l’enfance dans la prédiction d’une consommation problématique du cannabis et des autres substances à l’âge de 24 ans chez des Québécois suivis depuis de leur naissance, et ce dans le cadre d’une étude de cohorte longitudinale. Une relation a été trouvée entre l’adversité à l’enfance et la consommation problématique des substances autres que le cannabis. On retrouve également l’impact de l’impulsivité en tant que facteur de risque pour la consommation problématique des substances autres que le cannabis. Dû à l’absence de résultat significatif quant à la consommation problématique du cannabis, davantage d’études sont nécessaires afin d’explorer son lien avec l’adversité à l’enfance et l’impulsivité. / In Canada, 13% of the population uses illicit drugs and it is estimated that one individual out of three regularly between the ages of 16 to 25 consume cannabis on a regular basis. This creates a social burden, costing $46 billion and leading to the hospitalization of 275,000 individuals. Understanding the risk factors and processes leading to the development of cannabis and other substance use problems in young adult is therefore critical. While it is evident that several individual and environmental factors are involved in the development of cannabis and other substance use problems, childhood adversity and impulsivity have been identified as two important risk factors for the development of problematic cannabis and other substance use. However, there are no studies that examines the specific prediction of cannabis use problems. Thus, the main objective of this study was to examine the role of childhood adversity and impulsivity in the prediction of cannabis use problems in Quebec young adults at age 24, followed since birth in a longitudinal cohort study. A relationship was found between childhood adversity and problematic use of substances other than cannabis at age 24. We also found the impact of impulsivity as a risk factor for problematic consumption of substances other than cannabis. Due to the lack of significant results regarding problematic cannabis use, more studies are needed to explore the link between problematic cannabis use, childhood adversity and impulsivity.

No / AIM: The aim of the study was to determine, objectively and non-invasively, whether changes in accommodative demand modify differentially the peripheral refraction in emmetropic and myopic human eyes. METHODS: Forty subjects (19 male, 21 female) aged 20-30 years (mean 22.7 (SD 2.8) years), 21 emmetropes (mean spherical equivalent refractive error (MSE) -0.13 (SD 0.29) D) and 19 myopes (MSE -2.95 (SD 1.76) D) participated in the study. Ametropia was corrected with soft contact lenses (etafilcon A, 58% water content). Subjects viewed monocularly a stationary, high contrast (85%) Maltese cross at 0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 D of accommodative demand and at 0, 10, 20 and 30 degrees field angle (nasal and temporal) through a +3.0 D Badal optical system. Static recordings of the accommodation response were obtained for each accommodative level, at each field angle, with an objective, open-view, infrared optometer. RESULTS: Peripheral mean spherical equivalent (M) data showed that the emmetropic cohort exhibited relative myopic shifts into the periphery, while the myopic group showed hypermetropic shifts. Increasing accommodative demand did not alter the peripheral refractive profile in either the temporal (p = 0.25) or nasal (p = 0.07) periphery with no differential accommodative effect between refractive groups in either the temporal (p = 0.77) or nasal (p = 0.73) field. Significant shifts in the J(0) astigmatic component were seen in the temporal (p<0.0005) and nasal (p<0.0005) fields with increasing eccentricity. Interaction effects between eccentricity and accommodative demand illustrated that increasing accommodative demand significantly altered the peripheral refractive profile in the temporal J(0) astigmatic component (p<0.0005). The nasal periphery, however, failed to show such an effect (p = 0.65). CONCLUSIONS: Alterations in peripheral refraction augmented by changes in ocular accommodation are relatively unaffected by refractive error for young, healthy human eyes.

No / BACKGROUND: Tripping is a common factor in falls and a typical safety strategy to avoid tripping on steps or stairs is to increase foot clearance over the step edge. In the present study we asked whether the perceived height of a step could be increased using a visual illusion and whether this would lead to the adoption of a safer stepping strategy, in terms of greater foot clearance over the step edge. The study also addressed the controversial question of whether motor actions are dissociated from visual perception. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: 21 young, healthy subjects perceived the step to be higher in a configuration of the horizontal-vertical illusion compared to a reverse configuration (p = 0.01). During a simple stepping task, maximum toe elevation changed by an amount corresponding to the size of the visual illusion (p<0.001). Linear regression analyses showed highly significant associations between perceived step height and maximum toe elevation for all conditions. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The perceived height of a step can be manipulated using a simple visual illusion, leading to the adoption of a safer stepping strategy in terms of greater foot clearance over a step edge. In addition, the strong link found between perception of a visual illusion and visuomotor action provides additional support to the view that the original, controversial proposal by Goodale and Milner (1992) of two separate and distinct visual streams for perception and visuomotor action should be re-evaluated.

Yes / The headscarf conceals hair and other external features of a head (such as the ears). It therefore may have implications for the way in which such faces are perceived. Images of faces with hair (H) or alternatively, covered by a headscarf (HS) were used in three experiments. In Experiment 1 participants saw both H and HS faces in a yes/no recognition task in which the external features either remained the same between learning and test (Same) or switched (Switch). Performance was similar for H and HS faces in both the Same and Switch condition, but in the Switch condition it dropped substantially compared to the Same condition. This implies that the mere presence of the headscarf does not reduce performance, rather, the change between the type of external feature (hair or headscarf) causes the drop in performance. In Experiment 2, which used eye-tracking methodology, it was found that almost all fixations were to internal regions, and that there was no difference in the proportion of fixations to external features between the Same and Switch conditions, implying that the headscarf influenced processing by virtue of extrafoveal viewing. In Experiment 3, similarity ratings of the internal features of pairs of HS faces were higher than pairs of H faces, confirming that the internal and external features of a face are perceived as a whole rather than as separate components. / The Educational Charity of the Federation of Ophthalmic and Dispensing Opticians.

Young adult (YA) romance och forskningen kring det är ofta fokuserad på flickorna inom och runt genren. Med tanke på mängden pojkkaraktärer och triangeldramer i YA romance, finns det endast lite forskning kring det. Uppsatsens syfte är därför att analysera och jämföra hur pojkkaraktärernas genuskonstruktioner presenteras i triangeldramer i YA romance, samt att se vilka ideologiska implikationer valet av pojke har. Pojkarna är Cricket och Max från Lola and the Boy Next Door (2011/2014) av Stephanie Perkins, och Rick och Xavier från Loveboat, Taipei (2020) av Abigail Hing Wen. Analysen, som görs med en kvalitativ och komparativ metod, grundar sig i genus- och maskulinitetsteori med särskilt avstamp i Raewyn Connells teorier om hegemoni (2000; 2005) och Magnus Öhrns Pojklandet (2017). Den tidigare forskningen om maskuliniteter i YA romance samt om genus över lag i triangeldramer är begränsad. Forskningsöversikten visar dock att forskning om maskuliniteter i vuxenromance, och i övrig ungdomslitteratur, samt om triangeldramernas andra aspekter har bedrivits. Analysens resultat visar att Perkins och Wen har konstruerat pojkkaraktärer där samtliga, om än i olika utsträckning, blandar hegemoniska drag med utmaningar. Pojkarna kan grovt delas in i en ”good guy”, Cricket och Rick, och en ”bad boy”, Max och Xavier (Day 2020, s. 165). Båda flickprotagonisterna väljer den snälla och ansvarstagande pojken som matchar henne utseendemässigt och intressemässigt. Pojken som väljs har i högre utsträckning en bra relation till sin familj och är villig att offra pojklandet och möta sina problem. Den största skillnaden är Wens sätt att visa det som närmar Rick och Xavier olika hegemonier som konstruktioner. Mot bakgrund av den samhälleliga kontext vi befinner oss i är det viktigt att kritiskt undersöka de maskuliniteter som sprids, och YA romance är en viktig del i det.

In this thesis, I examine three works of modern German fantasy fiction for young adults, their common grounding in the Romantic aesthetic framework and in particular the Romantic notion of creativity, and the implication of their unique fantasy fiction paradigm in our modern day. The novels are Michael Ende’s The Neverending Story (1979), Inkheart (2003) by Cornelia Funke and The City of Dreaming Books (2006) by Walter Moers. They represent a Germany-specific narrative paradigm which can be seen in the protagonist readers’ transformation from mere readers into storymakers/storytellers, and in the conflict between a book-loving hero and antagonists who are against literature. The protagonists embody the Romantic notion of creativity that involves the sublimation of a poet’s crisis into an exploration of the self. The mundane is infused with fantasy, thereby elevating reality to an idealised state. These Romantic storytelling readers act as tricksters, a fairy tale archetype that shares similarities with the figure of the Romantic poet. I employ the theoretical frameworks of German Romanticism, Frankfurt School critical theory, and postmodern models, including those by Deleuze and Guattari. I argue for a modern version of the trickster archetype which explains how a complacent, passive reader becomes an active storyteller. / Graduate

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The lack of jobs in South Africa and eMalahleni has caused many young people to seek their own job opportunities in the form of setting up their own business. Despite this, many young business people fail in their ventures due to low capital. In response to this, organisations such as the National Youth Development Agency have created support structures to support young business owners in their local area. The purpose of this study is to explore the extent to which the structures and programmes to support youth development – as far as entrepreneurship is concerned – help to cultivate the creation of businesses among the black youth in eMalahleni. Thirty participants who are young entrepreneurs (under 35 years) participated in interviews that helped to elucidate qualitative information about the support structures. They were asked how the support structures had helped them if they participated, or the reasons why they chose not to use the support structure. They were also asked to identify potential bottlenecks or issues with the support structures that may be preventing them from being fully accessible. The results showed that a lack of trust in the support structures, particularly those created by the National Youth Development Agency, was a major reason for non-participation or choice not to use. Additionally, many felt that the hierarchy and unwelcoming atmosphere of the support structures prevented young people from applying. Other reasons given were the fact that the support structures may not always be geographically accessible and the fact that staff members were not fully trained to be as helpful as possible. There are several ways in which these support structures could be improved that are detailed in this research document. The most important recommendation relates to ensuring that the red tape is removed to make the support structures more helpful to a larger number of young black entrepreneurs. Creating a more local atmosphere may also help the support structures to reach their full potential.