Dans de nombreux pays à travers le monde, la délégation de tâches fait partie des stratégies couramment utilisées pour optimiser la performance des organisations de santé. En Haïti, le recours aux Agents de Santé Communautaire Polyvalents (ASCP) dans l’offre des soins de santé primaire en est une application de cette stratégie. L’objectif principal visé par celle-ci est de réduire les pénuries de ressources humaines de la santé et d’améliorer la couverture sanitaire universelle. Afin de contribuer à l’atteinte de cet objectif et à l’avancement des connaissances sur la délégation des tâches aux ASCP, cette thèse aborde des questions de recherche peu étudiées, pourtant essentielles à la compréhension et à l’implantation réussie de cette intervention. Ces questions concernent le fonctionnement de la délégation des tâches aux ASCP, dont les mécanismes à travers lesquels cette intervention parvient à produire des effets positifs sur la performance des organisations de santé. Cette thèse de doctorat évalue également le bien-fondé de l’implantation de la délégation des tâches aux ASCP en Haïti, son niveau d’implantation dans le département sanitaire du nord d’Haïti et les facteurs contextuels qui facilitent ou entravent l’implantation de cette intervention dans ce département. La méthodologie utilisée à cet effet combine trois approches complémentaires. La première est la synthèse réaliste de Pawson et al. (2005). Celle-ci a été choisie pour son potentiel à offrir une compréhension approfondie du fonctionnement des interventions complexes. La seconde approche méthodologique utilisée se rapporte à l’évaluation du bien-fondé de l’implantation de la délégation des tâches aux ASCP en Haïti. Plus spécifiquement, il s’agit d’une analyse logique. Ce type d’analyse permet d’évaluer d’une part la plausibilité des hypothèses sur lesquelles reposent les interventions, et d’autre part, de déterminer l’adéquation des ressources et processus de celles-ci au regard des objectifs visés. Enfin, la troisième approche méthodologique mise en œuvre est une analyse de l’implantation. Cette dernière étudie la façon dont les interventions interagissent avec leur contexte d’implantation, y compris les facteurs contextuels qui déterminent leurs niveaux d’implantation. Pour la mener à bien, tout comme pour réaliser la synthèse réaliste et l’analyse logique de la délégation des tâches aux ASCP en Haïti, des données ont été collectées et analysées. Celles-ci proviennent essentiellement d’une recension des écrits sur la délégation des tâches aux ASCP, de l’examen des documents relatifs à la conception et l’implantation de cette intervention en Haïti et d’entrevues non dirigées réalisées auprès de 35 intervenants dans ce pays. Ce faisant, plusieurs résultats intéressants ont été obtenus. Ils apportent une contribution nouvelle à l’amélioration des connaissances sur la délégation des tâches aux ASCP. Les résultats obtenus peuvent être également utilisés pour favoriser l’implantation réussie de cette intervention en Haïti et éventuellement dans d’autres contextes. Ils incluent notamment une théorie de moyenne portée qui explique le fonctionnement de la délégation des tâches aux ASCP, ainsi que des preuves à l’appui de la plausibilité ou de la validité du modèle logique qui sous-tend l’implantation de cette intervention en Haïti. Les résultats obtenus mettent aussi en lumière plusieurs déficiences dans la conception ou planification de la délégation des tâches aux ASCP en Haïti qui peuvent être corrigées pour accroître les chances d’atteindre les objectifs visés. Parmi celles-ci, il y a l’insuffisance des ressources (financières, matérielles et humaines) planifiées ou engagées et des manquements dans la sélection des ASCP. Par ailleurs, des avancées notables ont été observées dans l’implantation de la délégation des tâches aux ASCP dans le département sanitaire du nord d’Haïti. De plus, cette thèse de doctorat révèle plusieurs facteurs contextuels entravant ou facilitant la mise en œuvre de la délégation des tâches aux ASCP dans ce département. Ceux-ci sont en lien avec la planification et le suivi de l’implantation de l’intervention, le contexte institutionnel, l’environnement politique et autres. En somme, cette thèse apporte une contribution à la compréhension du fonctionnement de la délégation des tâches aux ASCP et à la façon dont cette intervention améliore la performance des organisations de santé. Elle suggère également des pistes de recherche pour l’avancement des connaissances dans ce domaine, ainsi que des voies d’améliorations pour favoriser l’atteinte des objectifs visés par la délégation des tâches aux ASCP en Haïti ou ailleurs. / In many countries around the world, delegation of tasks is one of the commonly used strategies to optimize the performance of healthcare organizations. In Haiti, the use of Polyvalent Community Health Agents (ASCP) in the provision of primary health care is an application of this strategy. Its main objective is to reduce shortages of health human resources and improve universal health coverage. In order to contribute to the achievement of this objective and to the advancement of knowledge on the delegation of tasks to ASCPs, This thesis addresses understudied research questions, yet essential to the understanding and successful implementation of this intervention. These questions concern the functioning of the delegation of tasks to the ASCPs, including the mechanisms through which this intervention succeeds in producing positive effects on the performance of the organizations. This doctoral thesis also assesses the well-founded of the implementation of the delegation of tasks to the ASCPs in Haïti, its level of implementation in the northern health department of Haïti and the contextual factors that facilitate or hinder the implementation of this intervention in this department. The methodology used for this purpose combines three complementary approaches. The first one is the realistic synthesis of Pawson et al. (2005). This was chosen for its potential to provide an in-depth understanding of how complex interventions work. The second methodological approach used relates to the assessment of the well-founded of implementing the delegation of tasks to the ASCPs in Haïti. More specifically, it is a logical analysis. This type of analysis allows to evaluate, on the one hand, the plausibility of the hypotheses on which the interventions are based, and, on the other hand, to determine the adequacy of the resources and processes of these regarding the objectives targeted. Finally, the third methodological approach implemented is an analysis of the implementation. This approach studies how interventions interact with their implementation context, including the contextual factors that determine their levels of implementation. To carry it out, as well as to carry out the realistic synthesis and the logical analysis of the delegation of tasks to the ASCPs in Haïti, data was collected and analyzed. These come mainly from a review of the literature on the delegation of tasks to the ASCPs, an examination of the documents relating to the design and implementation of this intervention in Haiti and unstructured interviews conducted with 35 stakeholders in this country. In doing so, several interesting results were obtained. They bring a new contribution to improving knowledge about delegation of tasks to ASCPs. The results obtained can also be used to support the successful implementation of this intervention in Haiti and possibly in other contexts. They include a middle range theory that explains how delegation of tasks to ASCPs works, as well as evidences supporting the plausibility or validity of the logic model underlying the implementation of this intervention in Haiti. The results obtained also highlight several shortcomings in the design or planning of the delegation of tasks to ASCPs in Haiti that can be corrected to increase the chances of achieving the intended objectives. Among these are the lack of resources (financial, material, and human) planned or committed and the shortcomings in the selection of ASCPs. In addition, notable progress has been observed in the implementation of the delegation of tasks to the ASCPs in northern health department of Haïti. This doctoral thesis reveals also several contextual factors hindering or facilitating the implementation of the delegation of tasks to the ASCPs of this department. These relate to the planning and monitoring of the implementation of the intervention, the institutional context, the political environment, and others. In sum, this thesis contributes to the understanding of how delegation of tasks to ASCPs works and how this intervention improves performance for healthcare organizations. It also suggests avenues of research for the advancement of knowledge in this field and recommends some improvement pathways to foster the achievement of the objectives targeted by the delegation of tasks to ASCPs in Haïti or elsewhere.

Bakgrund: I kommunal hälso- och sjukvård har distriktssköterskan huvudansvar för läkemedelsdelegering. Uppgiften är komplex och tidskrävande med höga krav på patientsäkerhet. Brister i samband med läkemedelsdelegering riskerar att äventyra patientsäkerheten och skulle kunna leda till lidande för patienten och ökade kostnader för samhället, därav är det aktuellt att utforska distriktssköterskors erfarenheter i samband med läkemedelsdelegering och patientsäkerhet. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva distriktssköterskans erfarenhet av patientsäkerhet i samband med läkemedelsdelegering i kommunal hälso- och sjukvård. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie utfördes baserad på nio semistrukturerade intervjuer med distriktssköterskor i kommunal hälso- och sjukvård i Hallands och Västra Götalands län i Sverige. En manifest kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats användes vid dataanalysen. Resultat: Studiens resultat består av två huvudkategorier: grundförutsättning för patientsäkerhet och hinder för patientsäkerhet med sex underkategorier och citat från informanter vilket bekräftar studiens resultat. Konklusion:  För att bibehålla och främja patientsäkerhet behöver distriktssköterskan både ha möjlighet att handleda och utbilda omvårdnadspersonal i läkemedelshantering samt ha tid för utförande och uppföljning av läkemedelsdelegering. / Background: In municipal health care the district nurse has main responsibility for drug delegation. The task is complex, time consuming and places high demands on patient safety. Deficiencies in connection with drug delegation may put patient safety at risk which could lead to suffering for the patient and to increased costs for the society, therefore it is important to explore the district nurse's experiences related to drug delegation and patient safety. Aim: To describe the district nurse’s experience of patientsafety in conjunction with drug delegation in municipal health care. Method: A qualitative interview study based on nine semi structured interviews with district nurses in municipal health care in Halland and Västra Götaland county in Sweden was performed. A manifest qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach was used. Results: Two main categories: basic prerequisites for patient safety and obstacles to patient safety with six subcategories and quotes from the informants which confirms the result. Conclusion: To maintain and promote high patient safety the district nurse must both have an opportunity to supervise and educate nursing staff in drug management and the time to follow up on drug delegations.

Bakgrund: Ordination och delegering används av fysioterapeuter inom kommunal hemsjukvård. Ordination har en bredare definition medan delegering har tydliga riktlinjer. Tidigare forskning på framför allt närliggande professioner betonar att ordination/delegering är en komplex process där den interprofessionella relationen är viktig. Det finns en kunskapslucka i fysioterapeuters upplevelser och erfarenheter av ordination/delegering i kommunal hemsjukvård i Uppsala.    Syfte: Att undersöka fysioterapeuters erfarenheter och upplevelser av hindrande och underlättande faktorer vid ordination/delegering inom kommunal hemsjukvård i Uppsala. Metod: Det är en kvalitativ, semistrukturerad intervjustudie med induktiv ansats. Deltagarna rekryterades med bekvämlighetsurval bland fysioterapeuter inom kommunal hemsjukvård i Uppsala. Vid databearbetning användes kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Studien visade att kommunikation är en viktig faktor vid överlämnandet av uppgifter till hemtjänstpersonal. Det framkom att ordination används mer än delegering på grund av upplevelsen av att det är mer tidseffektivt och tillämpbart i den kliniska vardagen. De unika kunskaper som finns hos fysioterapeuten ligger till grund för bedömningen av vilket arbetssätt som är bäst att tillämpa vid överlämnande av arbetsuppgifter till hemtjänsten. Slutsats: Ordination är det som används mest av fysioterapeuter då delegering kräver mycket tid och ställer höga krav på god kommunikation. Tillsammans med tidigare forskning framkom att ordination/delegering är ett komplext arbetssätt. Det optimala utförandet av ordination/delegering har inte klarlagts. Däremot upplever fysioterapeuter att ha tid och att ge upprepade instruktioner förbättrar ordination/delegering. / Background: Delegation is used by physiotherapists within municipal health care. “Ordination” has a broad definition while delegation is narrower and has strict guidelines. Earlier research, especially on related professions, shows that ordination/delegation is a complex process where interprofessional relationships are important. There is a knowledge gap in physiotherapists’ experience of ordination/delegation in Uppsala municipality. Objective: To examine physiotherapists' experiences of facilitating and hindering factors of ordination/delegation within municipal healthcare in Uppsala. Method: A qualitative method with semi-structured interview guide with an inductive approach. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling amongst physiotherapists in municipal healthcare in Uppsala. For data analysis, qualitive content analysis was used.  Results: This study showed that communication is an important factor in providing tasks to home care personnel. It emerged that ordination is more frequently used due to the experience that it´s time efficient and applicable in clinical work. The unique knowledge that the physiotherapist has is the basis for the assessment of which working method is best to apply when handing over tasks to the home care personnel.   Conclusion: Ordination is used most by physiotherapists as delegation require a lot of time and places high demands on good communication. Together with earlier research it emerged that ordination/delegation is a complex way of working. The optimal way of ordination/delegation has not been clarified. However, physiotherapists feel that having time and giving repeated instructions improves ordination/delegation.

對大部分的應用系統來說，在實施系統功能存取控管的同時，若沒有搭配適當的委任或委派權限的機制，將會大大影響系統用戶對存取控管限制的接受度，故本論文針對如何實現用戶間的權限委派進行探討。我們選擇以剖面導向技術開發的存取控管框架為標的，設計出一套模組化的權限委派機制，可以在不改變既有的存取控管剖面的情況下，進行用戶間的權限委派。我們採用動態剖面的技術，並結合個體層次的剖面功能，發展出可以在使用應用系統的交談期間，由用戶動態進行權限委派的啟動與關閉。此一操作方式不僅方便系統管理者進行存取控管與權限委派的設定，也讓用戶在使用上享有相當程度的彈性。我們以AspectWerkz的剖面框架為實驗平台，製作一個用戶間權限委派的展示系統。 / For many systems, access control without proper support for delegation is simply impractical. While access control has gained a considerable attention in the aspect-oriented community recently, delegation has not been properly addressed yet using aspects. This paper presents a simple yet novel approach to implementing delegation using dynamic aspects. This thesis shows that a proper combination of instance-level aspects and dynamic deployment can be used to enhance an aspect-based access control system with dynamic and fine-grained delegation effectively in a highly modular manner. We developed a prototype implementation using the per instance interception mechanism of AspectWerkz to illustrate our approach.

TITLE: Manpower Management Specification AUTHOR: Hana Spurná DEPARTMENT: The School Management Center SUPERVISOR: Mgr.Irena Lhotková, PhD. Abstract: (angl.) The final thesis deals with the issue of leadership management by means of selected examples from literature, documents, internet, study of opinions and questions of both international and Czech experts in the field of leadership management and finally by means of analysis of the term leadership management with focus on development and taking into consideration the life and professional context. The goal of the project is to understand the sense and formulation - definition of the term leadership management, overview of historic development of the term on the ground of theoretical information, a comparison of experience in the field of leadership management in the view of selected experts. This research is based on induction. On the ground of analysis of expert publications of people who were or still are active in the field of management and who have the necessary knowledge and experience in the field of leadership management. The final thesis strives for a more extensive research of opinions on the widely defined term of leadership management, and aims at bringing as much information about it as possible. Key words: leadership management, leadership,...

La Croix-Rouge française est une association (loi 1901) et une entreprise à but non lucratif, reconnue d’utilité publique, et auxiliaire des pouvoirs publics. Engagée dans une « lutte contre toutes les souffrances humaines », depuis plus de 150 ans, la Croix-Rouge française œuvre dans quatre domaines d’intervention nationaux : le secours, la santé, la formation et les actions sociales, ainsi que dans un domaine international. La Croix-Rouge française fait aussi partie d’un réseau, le Mouvement international Croix-Rouge et Croissant-Rouge, composé du CICR, de la Fédération internationale et de Sociétés nationales, la Croix-Rouge française étant l’une d’elles. Les actions sociales Croix-Rouge française dispensées par les organes de proximité, les délégations locales, doivent parvenir à relever le défi humanitaire dans une conception d’aide d’urgence. Basé sur l’engagement bénévole, tout le système d’aide humanitaire repose sur le don. Ce qui fait vivre chaque délégation c’est à la fois les dons matériels reçus, notamment des particuliers et de l’Etat, les dons immatériels perçus, de temps, de compétences, des bénévoles et des volontaires, et enfin des dons transmis de l’association aux bénéficiaires tels que nourriture, vêtements, adresse postale... Le travail ethnologique présenté ici sous forme d’une monographie s’attache à étudier le système d’aide philanthropique développé par la délégation locale d’Orange (Vaucluse) dans sa dimension matérielle et symbolique. Pour cela l’étude va se centrer sur deux thèmes en particulier : l’aide alimentaire et les bénévoles, et proposer ainsi une analyse ethnologique du don alimentaire et de la dynamique relationnelle du bénévolat. / The French Red Cross is an association (law 1901) and a non-profit organization, recognized as a public benefit and a wellness and auxiliary to the government. Engaged in a "fight against all human suffering," for over 150 years, the French Red Cross works in four areas of national intervention: relief, health, education and social action, and in an international field. The French Red Cross is also part of a network, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, consisting of the International Committee of the Red Cross, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent and in National Societies including the French Red Cross. Social actions of the French Red Cross provided by local bodies, local delegations, must complete the challenge to design a humanitarian emergency assistance. Based on the volunteer, all the humanitarian aid system is based on gifts. What keeps alive every delegation is both material donations received, from individuals and the state, intangible donations received such as time, expertise, volunteers, and finally donations passed from the association to beneficiaries such as food, clothing, mailing address ... The ethnological study presented here as a monograph seeks to examine the system of philanthropy developed by the local delegation of Orange (Vaucluse) in its material and symbolic dimension. Thus, the study will focus on two particular themes : food aid and volunteers, and offer an ethnological analysis, of the gift of food and the relational dynamics of volunteerism.

Os serviços de saneamento básico, considerando-se o histórico de sua concretização no Brasil, configuram o campo ideal para a aplicação mecanismos de gestão de serviços públicos que possibilitem a atuação coordenada de diversos entes da federação. De fato, se de um lado é possível reconhecer o interesse local que as atividades de saneamento apresentam, de outro deve-se levar em consideração que, muitas vezes, a prestação dos serviços terá caráter regional e ocorrerá em um contexto em que parcela significativa dos Municípios brasileiros não possuirá, isoladamente, condições econômicas de proporcionar a sustentabilidade dos serviços. O renovado arranjo institucional proporcionado pelo art. 241 da Constituição da República, pela Lei Federal n. 11.445/2007, pela Lei Federal n. 11.107/05 e o tradicional arranjo das regiões metropolitanas demonstram, em muitos pontos, a importância da união de esforços entre entes federados para a implantação dos serviços de saneamento. Tal prestação integrada exige peculiar conformação institucional, dotada de normatividade própria, além de requisitos específicos, temas esses aqui examinados desde seus fundamentos até sua organização prática. / The sanitation services, on what concerns the history of its concretization in Brazil, configure an ideal field for the appliance of the public services management mechanisms that enable a coordinate action between different federation entities. Indeed, if on one hand it is possible to recognize the local interest that such sanitation activities represents, on the other hand, it must be considered that, many times, the provision of those services will have regional characteristics and will occur in a context in which significant part of the Brazilian municipalities will not have, on its own, economical conditions to sustain the services. The new institutional framework brought by article 241 of the Federal Constitution, by the Federal Laws 11.445/2007 and 11.107/05 and by the well-known arrangement set forth by the metropolitan regions, demonstrate all together the importance of federal entities to unify efforts to implement the sanitation services. Such integrated provision of sanitation services demands a peculiar institutional framework, ruled by specific laws and regulations and specific requirements, matters which are here examined from its foundations to its practical organization.

Les réseaux sociaux d’entreprise (RSE) ont révolutionné la collaboration entre les organisations professionnelles. Grâce aux RSEs, les contraintes classiques de mobilité, de procédures compliquées d’échange de services et de manque de flexibilité et de communication en matière de cercles collaboratifs ne sont plus d’actualité. Dans cette thèse, nous avons travaillé sur le projet OpenPaaS RSE. Principalement nous nous sommes focalisés sur la partie gestion du contrôle d’accès, qui nous a conduit vers d’autres besoins, à savoir la gestion des identités numériques et leurs supervisions. Nous avons travaillé en premier lieu sur la gestion de l’authentification des identités numériques au sein de communautés de collaboration regroupant des entreprises hétérogènes en matière de gestion de l’authentification. Pour cela, nous avons proposé une architecture de fédération interopérable en matière de gestion de l’authentification, permettant ainsi à chaque entreprise de préserver son mécanisme d’authentification (propre) et aux acteurs de procéder à une authentification unique. Nous nous sommes ensuite concentrés sur la gestion des accréditations des identités numériques (i.e. contrôle d’accès). Sur cet aspect, nous avons proposé un mécanisme flexible de contrôle d’accès basé sur un ensemble d’attributs identitaires, que nous avons conçu sur la base d’un langage formel fondé sur la logique temporelle Event-Calculus. Nous sommes ainsi en mesure de rendre le partage de ressources fluide et agile, et par ailleurs capables de gérer des autorisations temporaires (i.e. les délégations). La fluidité et l’agilité du partage sont dues au fait que nous avons modélisé notre mécanisme de contrôle d’accès de telle sorte que le partage soit basé principalement sur les acteurs de collaboration (i.e. user-centric), et ce de la manière la plus simple possible. En outre, le formalisme logique nous a permis de vérifier automatiquement la cohérence des politiques notamment celles liées au partage de ressources. Notre système de contrôle d’accès donne aux entreprises le pouvoir de contrôler de manière abstraite les politiques de partage de ressources définies à l’échelle des acteurs, et ce grâce à des politiques fondées sur un mécanisme de gestion du risque qui émane des requêtes externes de demande d’accès. Les politiques basées sur le risque sont combinées avec les politiques de partage. Dans notre mécanisme de gestion du risque, nous nous sommes basés sur les standards liés au risque (définis par le NIST) que nous avons alignés avec des paramètres pertinents pour le contrôle d’accès dans le contexte RSE. Notre gestion dynamique du risque inclut en effet les paramètres suivants : l’importante de chaque ressource collaborative, les vulnérabilités des systèmes d’authentification utilisés pour authentifier les acteurs au sein d’une communauté et la confiance reflétée à travers le comportement de chaque acteur de collaboration. Sur ce dernier aspect de confiance, nous avons procédé à une évaluation de la confiance numérique à travers le cumul de réputations basé sur l’historique d’interactions collaboratives de chaque sujet. Enfin, nous avons développé ces différents modules de sécurité orientés pour le contrôle d’accès dans les environnements collaboratifs socioprofessionnels, et nous les avons intégrés au prototype du RSE OpenPaaS / Enterprise social networks (ESN) have revolutionized collaboration between professional organizations. By means of an ESN, conventional mobility constraints, complex procedures for services exchange and the lack of flexibility and communication are no longer concerns. In this thesis we have worked on the project OpenPaaS ESN. Mainly we focused on the management of the access control, which led us to other needs, namely the management of digital identities and their monitoring. We worked primarily on managing the authentication of digital identities within collaborative communities made of heterogeneous enterprises regarding authentication management systems. For this, we have proposed an interoperable architecture for managing federated authentication, allowing thus each enterprise to preserve its (own) authentication mechanism and each principal to perform a single sign on authentication regarding different enterprises. Further, we focused on the management of digital identities accreditations, i.e. Access Control. On this aspect, we have proposed a flexible access control model based on a set of identity attributes. We developed this model on the basis of a formal language based on temporal logic, namely the Event-Calculus logic. We were thus able to make the sharing of resources fluid and agile, and also able to handle temporary authorizations, i.e. delegations. The fluidity and agility of the shares is due to the user-centric resources’ sharing in a straightforward manner. In addition, the logical formalism has allowed us to automatically check the access control policies consistency. For enterprises, our access control system gives them the ability to control the user-centric sharing policies through policies based on a risk management mechanism, which make our access control mechanism dynamic. The risk mechanism is based on the NIST’s risk definition with an alignment with a set of parameters that include access control in the ESN context. More precisely, the dynamic risk management includes, the collaborative resource’s importance, the authentication system’s vulnerabilities and trust level reflected through the behavior of each collaborative actor. On this latter aspect of trust, we made an evaluation of trust through the computation of reputation scores based on the history of collaborative interactions of each subject of collaboration. Finally, we have implemented all those security modules and integrate them as a prototype into OpenPaaS ESN.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Gabrilli de Godoy.pdf: 1190229 bytes, checksum: dbead7a82bd3e9940ca7f9e4cd38f950 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-18 / The 1988 s Constitution reinvigorated the public services provision through private companies grants as a manner of improving the quality of service offered with no budget investment. As a consequence of this rising, Concession and Permission (law 8.987/95), the Public-Private Partnership (law 11.079/04) and the specific laws for certain areas, imposing relevant strategic points as conciliating the best service quality with the suitable tariff, assuring the proper profit to the concessionaire and public services contracts financial-economic protection. For all these important reasons, this study refers to the financial-economic equilibrium of concession contracts and its main factors like changes of public administrations services, economic and tributary alterations as well as the necessary evolution for long-term contractions and its non-balance compensation / A Constituição de 1988 revigorou o modelo de prestação de serviços públicos através de outorga às empresas privadas como forma de melhoria da qualidade em sua prestação sem a necessidade de investimentos orçamentários. Como resposta para a promoção destes serviços, a concessão e permissão (Lei nº8.987/95), a parceria público-privada (Lei nº11.079/04) e as leis específicas para determinados setores, impõem questões de importância estratégica, tais como, conciliar a melhor qualidade da prestação com a modicidade tarifária, garantir a remuneração adequada ao concessionário e a proteção da equação econômico-financeira dos contratos de serviço público. Diante desta importância, o presente estudo se dirige ao estudo do equilíbrio econômico-financeiro dos contratos de concessão comuns e seus principais elementos, entre elas, as mudanças na forma de prestação pela administração pública, as alterações no campo econômico e tributário, bem como a evolução necessária nas contratações de longo prazo e as formas pelas quais serão compensados os desequilíbrios decorrentes

Marsílio de Pádua (1280-1343), um importante pensador político medieval, escreveu o Defensor pacis, sua obra principal, em 1324. Nela, discutiu os principais conflitos de sua época e tentou assegurar a supremacia de poder do imperador, ameaçada naquele momento, ao menos no plano teórico, pelo papado que pretendia que o império proviesse do papa e arrogava-se o direito de designar, controlar e julgar o imperador. Para fazer tal análise, o paduano afirmou que se serviria de métodos corretos elaborados pela razão e apoiados em proposições bem estabelecidas e evidentes por si mesmas. Este trabalho de mestrado discutiu a ascensão histórica do papado, bem como as alternativas encontradas por Marsílio para constituir poder civil laico. Para isso, analisamos sua teoria conciliar e sua idéia de delegação e representação do poder. / Marsilius of Padua (1280-1343), an important political thinker of de Middle Ages, wrote the Defensor pacis, his most important work, in 1324. In there, he discussed the main conflicts of the period, and tried to assure the supremacy for the power of the emperor, menaced, at that moment, at least in theoretical level, by the papacy, who pretended that the empire came from the pope, and took itself the right to chose, control, and judge the emperor. In order to do such analysis the thinker said that he would be served by correct methods founded in reason and supported by solid and evident propositions. This work discussed the historical rise of papacy, as well as the alternatives found by Marsilius in order to build the laic civil government. For, well do an analysis of his counciliar theory, and his idea of delegation and power representation.