Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:16:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3735.pdf: 3187966 bytes, checksum: f032cfe7fa950f39cb1ae9f65bf26428 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / This paper discusses the structure and systematic procedures practiced by Brazilian aircraft maintenance centers and related to human factors. To survey and analysis of information, exploratory research techniques were employed, looking for an overview on the subject through interviews with people responsible for the area of human factors in the participating aircraft maintenance centers. A descriptive study was conducted through a questionnaire which was answered by twenty employees with different occupations. The main objective was to analyze the practices covered by each participating organization in relation to eight aspects relevant to the prevention of human errors in aviation maintenance: 1) Error Management, 2) Training in Human Factors, 3) Fatigue Management, 4) Pro-activity of the Organization in Support Human Factors, 5) Motivation for the Program of Human Factors and Safety, 6) Metrics for Human Factors 7) Support of State Regulatory Aviation and 8) Policies of the Organization. To allow a comparative analysis, the standard questionnaire used was similar to that employed by the board of American aviation FAA - Federal Aviation Administration in an applied research involving aircraft maintenance centers in several countries. The results showed that the national service centers have greater disabilities when related to aspects of error management, fatigue management and support of aviation regulators. The better results were found in the aspects of human factors training. It is expected a contribution, by making suggestions and recommendations, for the safety of aircraft maintenance activities in order to prevent incidents and accidents caused by human error. / O presente trabalho aborda a estruturação e sistemática dos procedimentos praticados por centros brasileiros de manutenção aeronáutica em relação aos fatores humanos. Para o levantamento e análise das informações, foram empregadas técnicas de pesquisa exploratória, procurando obter uma visão geral e aproximada sobre o assunto através de entrevistas com as pessoas responsáveis pela área de fatores humanos dos centros de manutenção aeronáutica participantes. A pesquisa descritiva foi conduzida através da aplicação de questionário nas mesmas empresas, a qual foi respondida por vinte funcionários com diferentes ocupações. O objetivo foi analisar as principais práticas abordadas por cada organização em relação a oito aspectos importantes para a prevenção de falhas humanas na manutenção aeronáutica: 1) Gerenciamento de Erros; 2) Treinamentos em Fatores Humanos; 3) Gerenciamento de Fadiga; 4) Pró-atividade da Organização em Suportar Fatores Humanos; 5) Motivação para o Programa de Fatores Humanos e Segurança; 6) Métricas para Fatores Humanos 7) Suporte dos Órgãos Regulamentadores de Aviação e 8) Políticas da Organização. Para possibilitar uma análise comparativa, o modelo de questionário utilizado foi similar ao empregado pelo órgão de aviação americano FAA Federal Aviation Administration em pesquisa aplicada em centros de manutenção aeronáutica de diversos países. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os centros de serviços nacionais possuem deficiências quando relacionados aos aspectos de gerenciamento de erros, gerenciamento de fadiga e ao apoio dos órgãos regulamentadores de aviação. Os resultados mais satisfatórios foram encontrados nos aspectos alistados ao treinamento em fatores humanos. Espera-se contribuir, através do estudo, com a segurança das atividades de manutenção aeronáutica, visando à prevenção de incidentes e acidentes causados por falha humana através de sugestões e recomendações advindas do diagnóstico levantado durante a realização deste trabalho.

This thesis examines life stories of three chosen preschool directresses. Based on life story interviews it brings and partially compares their life stories, picks out the critical incidents and characteristic features of their lives, gives insight into individual phases of their director's role and document their reflection of the role itself. The in - depth interviews focus on complex understanding of individual's life. The directresses are examined based on both their professional development and personal experiences. This thesis documents own interpretations of life stories; it is a source of self-reflection for the examined directresses. It also serves as an inspiration source for directors newly in the office. It is formally divided into two parts: the theoretical one gives an overview of life-story interview as a methodological approach applied. Furthermore, it is also devoted to the director as an individual being defined mainly in the Czech School Law. It also represents the existing results of both teachers' and directors' life stories research. The research part represents an analysis of life story interviews with three chosen preschool directresses in connection to the research questions.

In her bibliography, Incidents in the life of a Salve Girl, Harriet Ann Jacobs appropriates the autobiographical "I" in order to tell her own story of slavery and talk back to the dominant culture that enslaves her. Through analysis and explication of the text, this thesis examines Jacobs' rhetorical and psyshological evolution from slave to self as she struggles against patriarchal power that would rob her of her identity as well as her freedom. Included in the discussion is an analysis of the concept of self in western plilosophy, an overview of american autobiography prior to the publication of Jacobs' narrative, a discussion of the history of the slave narrative as a genre, and a discussion of the history of Jacobs' narrative.

Background Major incidents are characterized by a lack of resources compared to an overwhelming number of casualties, requiring a prioritization of medical treatment. Triage algorithms are an essential tool for prioritizing the urgency of treatment for patients, but the evidence to support one over another is very limited. We determined the influence of blood pressure limits on the diagnostic value of triage algorithms, considering if pulse should be palpated centrally or peripherally. Methods We used a database representing 500 consecutive HEMS patients. Each patient was allocated a triage category (T1/red, T2/yellow, T3/green) by a group of experienced doctors in disaster medicine, independent of any algorithm. mSTaRT, ASAV, Field Triage Score (FTS), Care Flight (CF), “Model Bavaria” and two Norwegian algorithms (Nor and TAS), all containing the question “Pulse palpable?”, were translated into Excel commands, calculating the triage category for each patient automatically. We used 5 blood pressure limits ranging from 130 to 60 mmHg to determine palpable pulse. The resulting triage categories were analyzed with respect to sensitivity, specificity and Youden Index (J) separately for trauma and non-trauma patients, and for all patients combined. Results For the entire population of patients within all triage algorithms the Youden Index (J) was highest for T1 (J between 0,14 and 0,62). Combining trauma and non-trauma patients, the highest J was obtained by ASAV (J = 0,62 at 60 mmHg). ASAV scored the highest within trauma patients (J = 0,87 at 60 mmHg), whereas Model Bavaria (J = 0,54 at 80 mmHg) reached highest amongst non-trauma patients. FTS performed worst for all patients (J = 0,14 at 60 mmHg), showing a lower score for trauma patients (J = 0,0 at 60 mmHg). Change of blood pressure limits resulted in different diagnostic values of all algorithms. Discussion We demonstrate that differing blood pressure limits have a remarkable impact on diagnostic values of triage algorithms. Further research is needed to determine the lowest blood pressure value that is possible to palpate at a peripheral artery compared to a central artery. Conclusion As a consequence, it might be important in which location pulses are palpated according to the algorithm at hand during triage of patients.

El transporte de carga por medio terrestre es una de las actividades con altos números de accidentes e incidentes en la actualidad debido a los diversos factores que influyen en esta tarea. Si a esto se le añade el transporte de materiales peligrosos como los hidrocarburos (combustible), explosivos y lubricantes la probabilidad de que se maximice el evento es elevado y perjudicial para todos los actores externos e internos de la actividad. En el Perú existen leyes y normativas que regulan el transporte de materiales peligrosos, así como también el cumplimiento total de cada una de estas. Por ello, que las empresas brindan las capacitaciones y condiciones a los trabajadores que desempeñan esta labor, sin embargo, existe un factor elemental para evitar la ocurrencia de accidentes/incidentes la cual está arraigada al comportamiento del trabajador; así como también a la motivación y concientización de realizar sus actividades de forma segura. En este contexto, el presente trabajo de investigación plantea la implementación del Coaching en el Programa de Seguridad Basada en el Comportamiento (SBC) para disminuir los accidentes e incidentes, así como también para aumentar las conductas seguras de los trabajadores dentro de una empresa de transporte de materiales peligrosos. Este proyecto ejecutará el diseño y la aplicación del Coaching en el área de operaciones que se encuentra relacionada directamente al transporte de los materiales peligrosos. / Freight transportation by land is one of the activities with high numbers of accidents and incidents today due to the various factors that influence this task. If to this is added the transport of hazardous materials such as hydrocarbons (fuel), explosives and lubricants, the probability that the event will be maximized is high and detrimental to all the external and internal actors of the activity. In Peru there are laws and regulations that regulate the transport of hazardous materials, as well as the full compliance with each of these. Therefore, the companies provide training and conditions to workers who perform this work, however, there is an elementary factor to avoid the occurrence of accidents / incidents which is rooted in the behavior of the worker; as well as the motivation and awareness to carry out their activities safely. In this context, this research work proposes the implementation of Coaching in the Behavior Based Safety Program (SBC) to reduce accidents and incidents, as well as to increase the safe behaviors of workers within a transportation company of hazardous materials. This project will execute the design and application of Coaching in the area of operations that will be directly related to the transport of hazardous materials. / Tesis

Introduction: Incident reporting systems have been implemented in health care for over a decade and contain reports of critical incidents (CI). These must be analyzed in order to suggest, implement and evaluate solutions for minimizing the risk of future CIs to occur, thereby increasing patient safety. Drug-related CIs (DRCI) are one type of CI which may represent up to 1/3rd of all CIs, therefore this CI-type is characterized in this study. Aim: To categorize and characterize DRCIs reported in the Critical Incident Reporting System North Rhine-Westphalia (CIRS-NRW). Materials & Methods: In this explorative, retrospective, descriptive study, 553 reports from the CIRS-NRW, reported between the 1st of January 2019 and the 15th of September 2021, were analyzed. These were categorized by setting, medication use process stage, ATC-code, patient age and look-alike, sound-alike (LASA), and then analyzed via descriptive statistics. Various subgroup analyses were also conducted. Results: DRCIs occurred mostly in the hospital (48,5%) and pharmacy (40,7%) settings, during the prescribing (33,8%) and administration (33,5%) of drugs and the ATC-codes N02 (9,4%), B01 (6,9%) and N05 (5,4%) were commonly involved. Patient age contained >50% missing data and LASA was involved in 16,5% of DRCIs. Subgroups were often small, likely resulting in low statistical power. Conclusion: By successfully characterizing the DRCIs, some potential areas of improvement for reducing future DRCIs were highlighted, however there are many more variables of relevance for patient safety than those analyzed in this study, underlining the need for further studies characterizing more DRCIs including additional variables.

Ces 15 dernières années, la recherche sur l'empathie clinique dans le contexte de la médecine somatique s'est développée de manière significative. Cette empathie clinique est donc de mieux en mieux cernée : élaboration de différentes modélisations et identification de ses bénéfices. Aujourd'hui, il reste certains challenges à relever, et notamment celui d'améliorer et de préserver l'empathie clinique au fil de la formation et de la pratique médicales tout en protégeant le bien-être des médecins. Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif de définir l'empathie clinique dans le cadre des maladies chroniques graves : son processus, ses déterminants, ses conséquences et les ressources nécessaires. Ce travail propose trois études successives portant sur des patients (N=15) et des médecins hospitaliers (N=235) selon un design mixte, recueils de données quantitatifs et qualitatifs associés à des analyses de données quantitatives. Ces études cherchent à définir l'empathie, identifier et tester ses antécédents et conséquences, en explorant les vécus des médecins et des patients. Par ailleurs, une quatrième étude longitudinale dite pilote a été mise en place. Les résultats ont mis en évidence la spécificité de l'empathie à une clinique spécifique, ont souligné sa nature majoritairement cognitive et comportementale et son rôle primordial dans la clinique et le bien-être des patients et des médecins. Ce travail propose ainsi une définition empirique qui concilie et enrichit les précédentes tout en développant la connaissance des déterminants de cette compétence clinique dans le cas spécifique des maladies chroniques graves. L'empathie clinique résulte de nombreux éléments tant individuels que situationnels ou encore interindividuels. Alors le développement de l'empathie des médecins auprès des personnes atteintes de maladies chroniques graves ne peut être considéré sans développer des recommandations à destination des institutions, des programmes de formation, et des dispositifs de soutien individuel et collectif. / Over the last 15 years, research on clinical empathy in somatic medicine has increased significantly. This clinical empathy is therefore becoming better understood, which shows by the appearance of various models and benefits on patients and physicians. Today, the challenge is to improve and to maintain clinical empathy through medical training and practice while protecting the well-being of physicians. This thesis' aim is to define clinical empathy in the context of serious chronic diseases: its process, its determinants, its consequences and the resources it needs. This work proposes three sequential studies involving patients (N = 15) and hospital doctors (N = 233). The design is mixed between qualitative and quantitative data and methods. These studies seek to define empathy, identify and test its antecedents and its consequences, exploring both the experiences of physicians and patients. Furthermore, a fourth study, a pilot one, has been conducted. Empathy appears as specific to a clinic. The results emphasize its cognitive and behavioral facets. Clinical empathy has a key role in patients' care and wellbeing but also in physicians' wellbeing. This work proposes an empirical definition that reconciles and enriches the preceding ones. It gives the opportunity to develop knowledge of empathy's determinants in the specific case of serious chronic diseases. Clinical empathy is the result of many individual, situational and inter-individual elements. Therefore, the development of doctors' empathy with patients with severe chronic diseases cannot be considered without developing recommendations to institutions, training programs, and individual and collective supports.

Quality security of sensitive data and key assets becomes now a question of absolute necessity for a company of any size and orientation. History of evolution of information security began particularly in environment of large organizations, that processed a large amount of data. It is logical that it was larger and richer companies which often have sufficient resources to invest in the security of their assets. Moreover, relatively large percentage of small and medium-sized businesses have about the security of its information somehow faulty ideas. More and more attackers are focusing on mid-sized organizations, which are insufficiently protected and they find it much easier to get to their sensitive data. Small and medium-sized companies are often preventing the implementation of certified standards. The reason is the fear of heavy formal administration, which is often required for certification, but is mainly for small businesses unnecessary and burdensome. For medium-sized organizations (50-250 employees), the certain administration associated with information security is a necessity. Employees, as in small businesses, are familiar with each other, but already there is a certain degree of anonymity, which may trigger the fact that some employees will not respect security procedures, especially if they are not precisely defined, and compliance will not be regularly checked. It depends on several circumstances, whether the certification is appropriate for the organization or the establishment of their internal methodology for information security. Methodology of balanced information security, which is the subject of this article is primarily proposed for small and medium-sized businesses. Its aim is to define the most important and absolutely necessary criteria for information security so that the system meets the requirements of a comprehensive solution of the issue. On the other hand, it seeks how to minimize the administrative burden for these organizations, which is, as mentioned above, one of the main reasons, why companies hold a negative attitude to the most widespread certifications. The methodology identifies four main areas of information security management system in a company. It includes an audit which specifies the quality level of particular areas of information security in the organization. If any of the studied areas is found insufficiently protected, effecitve measures are offered to improve the situation. The ultimate solution is a condition of a system where all the key areas of information security management of the organization are at the appropriate level and the system can be considered balanced.

In Sweden, the statistics show how women are underrepresented in organisational hierarchies; as managers, executive managers, CEOs and board of directors. Qualitative research reveals that women in management positions perceive the working life in Sweden as unequal and how men and women have different terms for making a career. Previous career studies told from women's narratives with a gender perspective caught our interest to examine how women reason and relate to their careers in 2019. The purpose of this study is to examine what emerges in stories about career and gender by women with management experience. We seek to understand how women relate to their career stories and how dilemmas are handled and how strategies are being used. We applied a narrative research design to obtain women's own stories about their careers. Ten narrative interviews were conducted with women with management experience within different companies and across several industries. The findings reveal how women in their career find themselves in minority positions in an environment imprinted by men's homosociality, including a language and toughness, that is difficult to relate to for the women. The minority position gives grounds to multiple approaches for women. The narratives show the urge to prove oneself, to legitimise one's position and to make oneself visible by showing will-power and determination. We found three strategies that women use in order to sustain self-esteem while coping with gender structures. We have named these strategies the individualistic strategy, the positive strategy and the explicit structure strategy. The individualistic strategy makes gender invisible by focusing on individual characteristics and traits. The positive strategy focuses on the advantages of being a woman and, the explicit structure strategy relates the meaning of gender to structures rather than to oneself. A central finding in our material is how the women switch between coping strategies. Switching between the individualistic strategy and the explicit structure strategy unveils two different themes. The first I don't want to generalise, but, illustrates how women relate gender to structures while they at the same time do not want to generalise between the genders. The second switch the Trojan horse explains how women are aware of gender structures and conform to men to sustain control and thereby sustain their self-esteem. Finally, to switch between stressing the benefits of being a woman and the burden of being a woman, we interpret as efforts to unburden the weight of gender structures. These switches between strategies give rise to contradictive reasoning, which we find entirely understandable as a means for women to make sense of their own reality. / I Sverige visar statistik hur kvinnor är underrepresenterade i organisationshierarkier; som chefer, VD, i ledninggrupper och styrelser. Kvalitativ forskning visar att kvinnor på chefspositioner upplever arbetslivet i Sverige som ojämnställt och att män och kvinnor har olika villkor att göra karriär. Tidigare karriärsstudier med ett genusperspektiv, berättade från kvinnors narrativ fångade vårt intresse att undersöka hur kvinnor resonerar kring och förhåller sig till sin karriär 2019. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vad som framkommer i berättelser om karriär och kön av kvinnor med chefserfarenhet. Vi ämnade förstå hur kvinnor förhåller sig till sina berättelser och hur dilemman hanteras och hur strategier används. Vi tillämpade en narrativ forskningsdesign för att erhålla kvinnors egna berättelser om sin karriär. Tio narrativa intervjuer genomfördes med kvinnor med chefserfarenhet inom olika företag och branscher. Resultaten avslöjar hur kvinnor i sin karriär befinner sig i minoritetsposition i en miljö som präglas av mäns homosocialitet, inklusive ett språk och tuffhet som är svårt att relatera till för kvinnorna. Minoritetspositionen ger upphov till flera förhållningssätt bland kvinnorna. Berättelserna skildrar behovet att behöva bevisa sig själv, att legitimera sin ställning och att göra sig synlig genom att visa viljestyrka och beslutsamhet. Vi hittade tre strategier som kvinnor använder för att upprätthålla sin självkänsla medan de hanterar könsstrukturer. Vi har namngett dessa strategier: den individualistiska strategin, den positiva strategin och den explicita strukturstrategin. Den individualistiska strategin gör kön osynligt genom att fokusera på individuella egenskaper och förmågor. Den positiva strategin fokuserar på fördelarna med att vara kvinna och den explicita strukturstrategin relaterar betydelsen av kön till strukturer snarare än till individen. Ett centralt resultat i vårt material är hur kvinnorna växlar mellan strategierna. Växling mellan den individualistiska strategin och den explicita strukturstrategin avslöjar två olika teman. Den första jag inte vill generalisera, men, illustrerar hur kvinnor relaterar kön till strukturer medan de samtidigt inte vill generalisera mellan könen. Den andra växlingen den trojanska hästen förklarar hur kvinnor är medvetna om könsstrukturer och efterliknar män för att upprätthålla kontrollen och därigenom självkänslan. Slutligen, växlingen mellan att betona fördelarna med att vara kvinna och belastningen av att vara kvinna, tolkar vi som en stävan mot att avlasta bördan av könsstrukturer. Dessa växlingar mellan strategier ger upphov till motsägelsefulla resonemang som vi finner helt förståeliga som ett medel för kvinnor att begripa sin verklighet.

The Bay Area Metropolitan Transportation Commission’s (MTC) Freeway Service Patrol’s highway motorist response service is reporting a reduction in their service levels. We analyze the relationship between the reduction in the Bay Area Freeway Service Patrol’s (FSP) motorist assists and changes in vehicle miles traveled (VMT), California Highway Patrol (CHP) reported incidents, and cover research on the impact of new and old vehicle fleet turnover. VMT and CHP incidents have differential effects on FSP assists. Although incidents occurring on freeways with high traffic flows tend to cause more congestion, the trend in local VMT along Bay Area freeway corridors does not share a strong correlation with FSP assists. Through a chi-square test, bivariate correlation and cross tabulation, we can see a relationship and pattern between FSP assists, incidents and VMT. Further analysis into the dispersion of assists, incidents and VMT show that the distribution of the FSP assists over CHP reported incidents is not perfectly equal. By analyzing VMT, CHP reported incidents and research around new vehicle fleet turnover affecting FSP assisted-incidents, Metropolitan Transportation Commission staff can systematically improve the FSP operational model; strategize ways to improve service on needier freeway corridors, while reducing unnecessary service in other regions.